WorksheetsELT101:PRELIM
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
Which characteristic best explains why words like “dog” or “mesa” are not inherently tied to their meanings?
Rule-governed
Arbitrariness
Productivity
Social function
The ability of humans to generate new sentences never spoken before is called:
Duality
Productivity
Receptive ability
Morphological recursion
Language is considered a social tool because it primarily functions to:
Establish political systems
Facilitate human interaction
Enforce linguistic norms
Standardize communication
The distinction between “receptive” and “expressive” language is attributed to:
A. Bowen
B. Chomsky
C. Vygotsky
D. Bandura
When Richards et al. (1992) define language as “structures and arrangements of sounds into larger units,” they emphasize:
Grammar rules
Sound–meaning correspondence
Systematic organization
Cultural relativity
In FLA, the usual outcome is:
Literacy mastery
Syntax correction
Fluency
Grammar awareness
Which of the following shows that language must be learned rather than inherited directly?
Universal grammar
Cultural variation in languages
Hemispheric lateralization
Biological foundation of speech
The idea that “all languages have rules” refers to which property of human language?
Regularity
Systematicity
Duality of patterning
Recursiveness
The notion that language is linked with identity emphasizes language as a:
Biological instinct
Social phenomenon
Cognitive process
Genetic trait
Which description best matches the concept of “language as arbitrary”?
Meanings are universally the same
Sounds are naturally linked to meanings
Sound-meaning relationships are conventional
Meanings are determined by grammar rules
Learning is described as a process that continues “from womb to tomb,” which emphasizes its:
Universality
Continuity
Purposefulness
Adaptability
Which principle of learning highlights the role of cooperation and collaboration among students?
Learners at the center
Social nature of learning
Stretching all students
Building horizontal connections
The principle that emphasizes sensitivity to prior knowledge and differences among learners refers to:
Differentiation
Localization
Contextualization
Recognition
When teachers provide clear criteria for quality performance and emphasize feedback, this reflects:
Assessment for learning
Assessment as learning
Assessment of learning
Assessment beyond learning
When learners themselves monitor progress and decide what to do next, it illustrates:
Assessment for learning
Assessment as learning
Assessment of learning
Assessment on learning
The kind of assessment typically used to rank or grade learners at the end of a unit is:
Formative assessment
Diagnostic assessment
Summative assessment
Criterion-referenced assessment
“Can learners articulate their own learning goals?” belongs to which principle of learning?
Learners at the center
Emotions in learning
Individual differences
Stretching all students
Encouraging students to connect classroom knowledge with the community represents:
Horizontal connectedness
Social nature of learning
Goal-oriented assessment
Cognitive scaffolding
Which principle highlights that emotions strongly affect achievement and motivation?
Cognitive principle
Affective principle
Recognition principle
Contextualization principle
“All learning is purposeful and goal-oriented” highlights learning as:
A. A biological instinct
B. An adaptive behavior
C. A conditioned response
D. A teleological process
The language a child first acquires in the family context is called:
First language
Second language
Foreign language
Heritage language
In the Philippines, English and Filipino are considered:
First languages
Heritage languages
Second languages
Foreign languages
Spanish is no longer an official language in the Philippines. It is now considered a:
Dialect
Foreign language
Heritage language
Minority language
A language spoken at home by a minority but not dominant in society is called:
Native language
Heritage language
Second language
Auxiliary language
The key measure distinguishing a language from a dialect is:
Grammar correctness
Regional usage
Mutual intelligibility
Official recognition
“Motherese” refers to:
The process of imitation by children
Simplified speech directed at infants
Language loss in bilingual households
Biological instinct for sound production
Which feature of “motherese” is evident in the use of reduplicatives like “pee-pee” or “ma-ma”?
Simplification
Expressive element
Extra clarification
Symbolic play
The first cry of a newborn symbolizes:
Social learning
Human communication
Cognitive readiness
Operant conditioning
Bilingualism does not retard intelligence according to:
Lambert
Baker
Chomsky
Lenneberg
Exposure to pleasurable environments and parental encouragement are crucial for:
Language attrition
Bilingual development
Grammar correction
Phonological shifts
The behaviorist perspective of FLA emphasizes:
Reinforcement and imitation
Critical periods
Innate grammar rules
Social interaction
Skinner’s operant conditioning was influenced by Thorndike’s:
Law of association
Connectionism
Generative grammar
Zone of proximal development
The “law of effect” explains that:
Behaviors reinforced are repeated
Learning depends on social scaffolding
Cognitive schemas guide actions
Imitation develops naturally
Positive reinforcement in FLA occurs when:
A. A child’s utterance is rewarded
B. Grammar rules are explained
C. Errors are tolerated
D. Caregivers ignore mistakes
Negative reinforcement in language learning is used to:
Strengthen incorrect utterances
Eliminate undesirable responses
Encourage social scaffolding
Replace formal operations
The audiolingual method influenced by behaviorism emphasizes:
Abstract reasoning
Repetition and drills
Cultural context
Private speech
Which stage of audiolingual teaching focuses on oral dialogues with immediate correction?
A. Presentation
B. Practice
C. Application
D. Motivation
Which weakness of behaviorism was most criticized by Chomsky?
Overemphasis on reinforcement
Neglect of motivation
Ignoring social interaction
Lack of observable data
When a child says “mee-mee” for “milk,” behaviorism fails to explain:
Input control
Creativity of errors
Importance of rewards
Role of repetition
Habituation in behaviorism refers to:
Building language habits through repetition
Internalizing grammar through logic
Constructing schemas mentally
Using scaffolds to learn
Unlike behaviorists, constructivists view children as:
Passive imitators
Empty vessels
Active learners
Reinforcement seekers
Piaget’s sensorimotor stage emphasizes:
Symbolic play
Object permanence
Pretend play and egocentrism are key in which stage?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Children’s endless “why” questions emerge in which stage?
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Sensorimotor
Formal operational
Logical problem solving and inductive reasoning appear in the:
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Trial-and-error
Adolescents’ sense of invincibility is linked with:
Egocentrism
Object permanence
Symbolic play
Zone of proximal development
Abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking occur in:
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Vygotsky emphasizes learning through:
Biological maturation
Cognitive stages
Social interaction
Trial-and-error
The “zone of proximal development” refers to the gap between:
Native and foreign languages
Potential and actual ability
Cognition and communication
Behavior and reinforcement
Scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory means:
Using drills to reinforce grammar
Gradual withdrawal of support
Correcting grammar errors
Memorizing dialogues
The Critical Period Hypothesis was proposed by:
Chomsky
Lenneberg
Skinner
Bandura
The age range when lateralization is completed, limiting FLA, is:
Birth to 2 years
2 years to puberty
12 years to adulthood
After 18 years
Lenneberg’s view sees language as:
A. A purely cultural phenomenon
B. Dependent on reinforcement
C. Biologically grounded
D. Socially constructed
The concept of “plasticity” in the brain explains:
Equal hemispheric roles at birth
Reinforcement patterns in speech
Universal grammar principles
Role of symbolic play
Evidence of critical period shows that delayed exposure leads to:
Equal proficiency
Reduced proficiency
Accelerated learning
Automatic fluency
Chomsky’s LAD refers to:
Language acquisition device
Linguistic aptitude development
Language adaptation discourse
Lexical analytical design
Universal Grammar proposes that:
Grammar is socially learned
Grammar categories are innate
Grammar rules are memorized
Grammar emerges after puberty
Children’s ability to create novel sentences supports:
Reinforcement theory
Innateness hypothesis
Imitation theory
Interactionism
Which limitation weakens Chomsky’s theory?
Overreliance on adult input
Lack of biological grounding
Ignoring imitation
Absence of reinforcement
The main strength of innateness theory is explaining:
Why errors persist
Rapid language acquisition
Social variation in dialects
Effects of bilingualism
Bandura’s theory emphasizes:
Conditioning
Observation and modeling
Cognitive stages
Biological limits
Which phase of observational learning involves practicing the modeled behavior?
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
When a child sings a jingle after watching a commercial, it shows:
Retention phase
Attention phase
Motivation phase
Reproduction phase
The expectation that imitation leads to reinforcement reflects the:
Attention phase
Retention phase
Reproduction phase
Motivation phase
Learning from others’ rewards and punishments is called:
Attention phase
Retention phase
Reproduction phase
Vicarious learning
When children evaluate their own learning strategies, this is:
Self-regulated learning
Imitation learning
Social scaffolding
Zone of proximal development
Teachers explicitly teaching strategies to help students reflect aligns with:
Reinforcement learning
Self-regulated learning
Imitative learning
Cognitive conditioning
Which of the following best bridges behaviorist and constructivist theories?
Innateness
Interactionism
Critical period
Motherese
Which element explains why children reproduce behaviors without trial-and-error?
Vicarious reinforcement
Self-regulation
No-trial learning
Zone of development
The emphasis of SLT in classrooms suggests teachers should:
Punish errors quickly
Provide rich modeling
Delay correction
Avoid peer learning
A mother constantly repeats “apple” while pointing at the fruit. The child eventually says “apoo” and gets praised. Which theory best explains this process?
Behaviorist – reinforcement and imitation
Constructivist – symbolic function
Interactionist – modeling and observation
Innateness – universal grammar
A five-year-old insists “I goed to the park” despite hearing adults say “went.” Which theory explains this tendency to create rules?
Behaviorist
Constructivist
Innateness
Interactionist
In a preschool, children are grouped to play a role-play “market day.” Through peer talk, they acquire new words and sentence patterns. This scenario supports which theory?
Behaviorist – operant conditioning
Constructivist – symbolic play
Sociocultural – learning through interaction
Innateness – LAD activation
A teacher provides sentence frames (“I want ___,” “May I have ___?”) and gradually removes the support as learners gain confidence. This is an example of:
Critical Period reinforcement
Chomsky’s LAD
Vygotsky’s scaffolding
Skinner’s shaping
A teenager quickly learns slang from YouTube influencers by copying their intonation and style. Which theory best fits?
Behaviorist – trial and error
Interactionist – modeling
Constructivist – symbolic function
Innateness – universal grammar
Despite limited exposure, a child suddenly begins to form complete sentences. This supports the idea that humans are biologically programmed for language. Which theory applies?
Behaviorist – reinforcement
Constructivist – cognitive schema
Innateness – LAD
Interactionist – imitation
A child exposed to two languages from birth (mother uses Filipino, father uses English) easily switches between the two at age three. Which principle is best supported?
Critical Period Hypothesis
Behaviorist Imitation Theory
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
A teacher notices her student whispering instructions to himself while building blocks. According to Vygotsky, this is an example of:
Symbolic play
Private speech
Inner grammar
Reinforcement loop
During puberty, a refugee struggles to learn the host country’s language compared to younger children. This difficulty supports which hypothesis?
Reinforcement Hypothesis
Critical Period Hypothesis
Universal Grammar Hypothesis
Sociocultural Hypothesis
A child imitates his older brother’s joke-telling style, then gets classmates to laugh the same way. Bandura would call this process:
Reinforcement learning
Trial-and-error learning
Vicarious learning
Self-regulated learning
How do Skinner’s Behaviorist and Chomsky’s Innateness Hypothesis theories explain children’s ability to generate new and creative utterances? Provide real-life examples to illustrate which theory seems more convincing in your context.
Using Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s perspectives, explain how both cognitive development and social interaction contributed to this child’s bilingual competence. Which theory better explains the child’s success? Justify your answer.
Design a short activity that applies Bandura’s Social Learning Theory to enhance children’s vocabulary.
Explain why your chosen strategy is effective, connecting it to Bandura’s phases of observational learning.
A 15-year-old migrant moves to a new country and struggles to learn the local language, unlike her younger siblings who became fluent within two years. Using your knowledge of language acquisition, identify which theory explains this situation, and evaluate whether language learning truly becomes limited after puberty by citing evidences.
