Which of the following statements about metformin use in patients with heart failure (HF) is TRUE?

You are managing a black-American male with heart failure in your clinic. He is currently taking an optimal regimen of lisinopril, carvedilol, and furosemide. However, he continues to experience moderate to severe heart failure symptoms despite this therapy. Which of the following add-on therapies has been shown to improve outcomes specifically in the black or African American population?

Which of the following ECG abnormalities is most likely to occur in with the use of amiodarone or sotalol, especially in patients with hypokalemia?

A 58-year-old Hispanic male has a past medical history of coronary artery disease s/p MI x 3, hypertension, heart failure (LVEF 35%), dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He was recently seen by his family doctor for continued uncontrolled hypertension, and a "new medication was added." Today, he comes to the clinic complaining of increased shortness of breath and fatigue and symptoms consistent with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea. Current medications: fosinopril 40 mg daily glipizide 5 mg twice a day furosemide 40 mg twice a day metoprolol succinate 12.5 mg daily pravastatin 20 mg at night verapamil extended-release 240 mg daily The patient can't remember which of the above medications was added by his family doctor. Which of the following medication is MOST LIKELY causing this patient's acute condition?

Which of the following best describes the safety and efficacy with the use of ezetimibe without statin therapy in HIV-infected patients being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and also have dyslipidemia?

Which of the following antiarrhythmic agents would be the best option to maintain normal sinus rhythm in a patient with atrial fibrillation and who has hypertension with substantial left ventricular hypertrophy related heart failure?

A 62-year-old White female reports to the clinic for a routine follow-up. She has a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism. She has no complaints to report today and states compliance with her medication regimen. Current medications: Glipizide 10 mg twice a day Metformin 1000 mg twice a day Insulin detemir 15 units in the morning Levothyroxine 100 mcg daily Atorvastatin 20 mg at bedtime Fasting Labs (selected) from today: GLU = 182, SCr = 1.1, AST = 18, ALT = 24, A1c = 8.8% TChol = 183, HDL = 48, LDL (unable to calculate), TG = 468, direct LDL = 48, TSH = 2.3 Based on the above information, which of the following recommendations would be the most appropriate?

You are seeing an adult patient who is taking aspirin for his arthritis. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of aspirin?

A provider asks for your thoughts about starting Lovaza in a patient. What warning should be considered before making a recommendation?

A 45-year-old patient reported to the clinic today with the following blood pressure history: 154/96 (previous visit) and 149/96 (current visit). Based on these readings, which of the following statements is most appropriate?

A patient with dyslipidemia needs to administer their evolocumab. Which instruction regarding how to administer evolocumab is correct?

Which of the following best describe the mechanism of action for Zaroxolyn?

A 50-year-old African American male with a past medical history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI) status post stent placement (4 months prior), and depression presents to your clinic for hyperlipidemia management. He does not use any tobacco products and drinks approximately 20 beers in 1 week. He is currently on pravastatin 80 mg daily and tolerating it well. Fasting laboratory test results show total cholesterol 160 mg/dL, triglycerides 225 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL, LDL 85 mg/dL, ALT 83 IU/L and AST 90 IU/L. What is the best management strategy for treating his hyperlipidemia based on the ACC/AHA lipid guidelines?

Which correctly describes the role of the venous system in the compensatory response in patients with heart failure?

LZ is a 55-year-old African American male who has been in atrial fibrillation for the last ten days. LZ's past medical history includes STEMI s/p CABG three years ago and diabetes mellitus. This is LZ's first episode of atrial fibrillation. His echocardiogram from one month ago shows an ejection fraction of 50% and no left ventricular hypertrophy. LZ complains of occasional palpitations that occur mostly while he is active (e.g., doing yard work). His current heart rate is 120 bpm, and his blood pressure is 130/85 mmHg. Current medications include aspirin 81 mg daily and metoprolol tartrate 50 mg by mouth twice daily for coronary artery disease, lisinopril 10 mg by mouth once daily for his hypertension and glipizide 5 mg by mouth once daily for his diabetes. Which of the following antiarrhythmic agents is NOT recommended to maintain normal sinus rhythm in LZ?

Which of the following is an accurate statement about P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonists?

A 48-year-old male presents to the emergency department (ED) for new-onset shortness of breath. He was discharged from the hospital 4 days before for an acute STEMI that required primary coronary intervention. When discharged, he was started on new drug therapy, including aspirin, ticagrelor, metoprolol, and rosuvastatin. His current vital signs in the ED are HR 45 bpm, BP 110/80 mmHg, RR 44 bpm, O2 saturation 88% on room air, and temperature of 98.7 F. Which of the following are appropriate interventions at this time?

A patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) presents to your medication management clinic and has a question about his lab notification letter. He noticed a test for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was slightly elevated. Which of the following educational points is correct?

What laboratory value can be signicantly aected by argatroban?