WorksheetsUnit 2 Exam Review
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 49mins
Which novelist co-wrote a novel about the corruption in Washington, D.C., titled "The Gilded Age"?
Mark Twain
Charles Dickens
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
What does the term "Gilded Age" refer to?
A time period with a shiny surface of wealth covering corruption and injustice
An era of complete honesty and prosperity
A period of war and conflict
A time of scientific discovery
Put simply, what does it mean when something is described as "gilded"?
It is golden or beautiful on the surface but cheap or worthless underneath
It is valuable both inside and out
It is made entirely of gold
It is old and worn out
Why was the period from 1870 to 1900 called the "Gilded Age"?
Because it appeared wealthy and prosperous on the outside but was filled with corruption and injustice underneath
Because it was a time of great peace and equality
Because gold was discovered in large quantities
Because everyone became rich during this time
What is the term for economic activity characterized by the manufacturing of goods, which proceeded rapidly in America after the Civil War?
Industrialization
Agriculture
Urbanization
Colonization
What is the period after the Civil War in America, marked by rapid industrial growth, commonly referred to as?
The Great Depression
America’s Second Industrial Revolution
The Gilded Age
The Progressive Era
Which of the following helped fuel the economic expansion of the late 19th century in America?
New inventions and technologies
The end of World War I
The discovery of gold in California
The signing of the Declaration of Independence
Why did the expansion of the railroad bring wealth to more than just rail companies?
Railroads only needed land to expand
Railroads required timber, iron, steel, and coal, benefiting multiple industries
Railroads were government-owned
Railroads did not require any resources
Explain how the growth of railroads contributed to the expansion of other industries in the late 19th century.
Railroads needed materials like timber, iron, steel, and coal, which increased demand and growth in those industries.
Railroads only transported passengers, not goods.
Railroads replaced all other forms of transportation.
Railroads were not connected to other industries.
In the decades after the Civil War, steam and electricity ____________ human and animal strength.
replaced
weakened
ignored
increased
What powered the steam engines that drove textile mills, factories, and trains in the late 1800s?
Burning coal to heat water
Solar panels
Wind turbines
Water wheels
During the late 1800s, the center of which type of mining was in the Appalachian Mountains of western Pennsylvania?
Coal
Gold
Silver
Copper
Explain how steam engines contributed to technological innovations in the decades after the Civil War.
They powered textile mills, factories, and trains, increasing production and transportation efficiency.
They were used only for heating homes.
They replaced all forms of manual labor in agriculture.
They were mainly used for entertainment purposes.
Who patented the process that made the production of steel easier and more economical in 1855?
Thomas Edison
Henry Bessemer
Alexander Graham Bell
Nikola Tesla
What was the main benefit of the Bessemer Process in steel production?
It made steel production slower and more expensive.
It improved the production of steel, making it easier and more economical.
It reduced the quality of steel.
It only allowed for small amounts of steel to be produced at a time.
According to the information, what was one major use of the new steel produced by the Bessemer Process?
Making paper
Building the world’s first skyscrapers
Producing cotton
Creating glass windows
Based on the graph, what trend is shown in steel production between 1875 and 1900?
Steel production decreased steadily.
Steel production remained the same.
Steel production increased dramatically.
Steel production fluctuated randomly.
Why was the Bessemer Process considered a technological innovation?
It made steel production slower.
It allowed mass production of steel, making it faster and cheaper.
It was only used for making jewelry.
It was invented in the 1900s.
Where was America’s first oil well drilled?
Houston, Texas
Titusville, Pennsylvania
Los Angeles, California
Tulsa, Oklahoma
In what year was America’s first oil well drilled?
1901
1776
1859
1920
At first, oil was just used as a simple product. What was it later refined into for lighting?
Gasoline for cars
Kerosene for lamps
Diesel for trucks
Plastic for packaging
Why did the demand for oil skyrocket?
The invention of electricity
The internal combustion engine and the development of the car
The discovery of gold
The use of oil in cooking
How have new sources of energy and transportation technologies impacted society?
They have made travel slower
They have reduced our production capabilities
They have improved our mobility and production capabilities
They have made oil obsolete
Explain how the development of the car influenced the oil industry.
It decreased the need for oil because cars used electricity.
It had no effect on the oil industry.
It increased the demand for oil due to the need for fuel for internal combustion engines.
It made oil wells unnecessary.
What was one of the era’s most significant technological developments mentioned in the material?
Electricity
Steam engines
Automobiles
Airplanes
Which invention first used electricity as a means of communication?
Telegraph
Telephone
Radio
Television
Who perfected the telephone in 1876?
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Nikola Tesla
Samuel Morse
What was one major impact of the telegraph on communication?
It dramatically changed the speed at which people communicated over great distances.
It allowed people to see each other while talking.
It made it possible to send pictures instantly.
It replaced the use of electricity in homes.
Which of the following was NOT created by Thomas Edison?
The steam engine
Motion pictures
The phonograph
Electric lighting
Why did the telegraph make the Pony Express obsolete?
It allowed messages to be sent much faster over long distances.
It was cheaper to use horses.
It could deliver packages.
It was powered by steam.
Thomas Edison’s inventions helped the world operate 24/7. Which invention contributed to this change?
Electric lighting
Steam engine
Radio
Typewriter
Explain how Thomas Edison’s use of electricity impacted homes and businesses. (DoK Level 3)
It allowed for electric lighting, which enabled activities to continue at all hours, and led to the creation of new forms of entertainment and recording.
It made homes warmer in winter.
It allowed people to travel faster.
It replaced the need for water mills.
Which invention, created by Christopher Sholes in 1867, made businesses more productive and helped improve communications, eventually leading to computer keyboards?
Sewing Machine
Passenger Elevator
Typewriter
Telephone
Who flew the first successful manned flight in 1903, which opened the way for air travel at dramatically increased speed and distance?
Elisha Otis
Elias Howe
Alexander Graham Bell
Wright Brothers
Which invention, invented by Elias Howe in 1846, made clothing cheaper, faster, and available at home?
Typewriter
Sewing Machine
Passenger Elevator
Airplane
What was the significance of the creation of passenger elevators by Elisha Otis in 1852?
It allowed for the invention of the telephone.
It made clothing production faster.
It enabled the construction of skyscrapers and the need to carry people between floors.
It improved air travel.
Explain how the invention of the typewriter by Christopher Sholes impacted business productivity and communication. (DoK Level 2)
It allowed people to travel faster.
It made it easier to produce written documents, improving communication and efficiency in businesses.
It helped build taller buildings.
It made clothing production faster.
Analyze how the invention of passenger elevators contributed to changes in city architecture and urban living. (DoK Level 3)
It made air travel possible.
It allowed for the construction of taller buildings, leading to the development of skyscrapers and changing how people lived and worked in cities.
It improved communication between cities.
It made clothing production cheaper.
Which of the following innovations helped tie the country together and contributed to the development of a national market?
Railroads, canals, the telegraph, and telephone
Highways and airplanes
Subways and buses
Internet and television
What advantage did national producers gain that allowed them to dominate sales in the West?
They could ship their goods cheaper
They could advertise on television
They could hire more workers
They could open more factories
New methods of marketing and what other factor gave manufacturers the ability to expand across the nation?
Distribution
Farming
Mining
Construction
During the development of a national market, what type of publication emerged and became known as "wish lists"?
Mail-order catalogs
Newspapers
Magazines
Textbooks
Explain how the combination of new transportation and communication technologies contributed to the growth of a national market in the United States.
They allowed goods and information to move quickly and efficiently across the country, connecting producers and consumers in distant regions.
They made farming easier for local communities.
They increased the number of small, local businesses.
They reduced the need for marketing and advertising.
What was one major effect of rapid population growth in the U.S. during this time period?
Cities became crowded.
Farming decreased.
Technology stopped advancing.
The population decreased.
Which of the following contributed to a steady supply of cheap labor in the U.S. during the period of rapid population growth?
A high birth rate and constant stream of immigrants
A decrease in business expansion
A decline in demand for goods
A reduction in city populations
How did population growth impact business during this period in the U.S.?
It favored business expansion.
It caused businesses to close.
It reduced the demand for goods.
It led to fewer job opportunities.
Based on the chart, what trend is shown in the foreign-born population in the U.S. between 1850 and 2000?
The foreign-born population increased over time.
The foreign-born population decreased steadily.
The foreign-born population remained the same.
The foreign-born population disappeared after 1950.
What is the term for the movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities, which was accelerated by industrialization?
Urbanization
Suburbanization
Colonization
Globalization
Which of the following was an important result of industrialization in the United States?
The rapid expansion of American cities
The decline of city populations
The end of immigration
The reduction of job opportunities in cities
In 1865, only two U.S. cities had populations of more than 500,000. Which cities were they?
New York and Philadelphia
Chicago and Los Angeles
Boston and San Francisco
Houston and Dallas
By 1900, how many U.S. cities had populations of more than 500,000?
Six
Two
Ten
Four
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to rapid urban growth in the United States?
New farm machinery reduced the number of farm jobs
The rise of industry created new job opportunities in cities
Americans were attracted to cities for cultural opportunities and entertainment
Decreased levels of immigration
Why did new farm machinery contribute to urbanization?
It reduced the number of farm jobs, pushing people to seek work in cities
It increased the number of farm jobs, keeping people in rural areas
It made city life less attractive
It led to fewer job opportunities in cities
How did unprecedented levels of immigration affect urban growth in the United States?
It fueled the growth of cities
It caused cities to shrink
It had no effect on urban growth
It led to fewer job opportunities in cities
In the late 19th century, which group of immigrants flooded American cities in search of work and places to live?
Asian immigrants
European immigrants
African immigrants
South American immigrants
According to the material, immigrants have always come to the U.S. for a variety of reasons, which may be divided into which two types of factors?
Economic and social
Push and pull
Legal and illegal
Urban and rural
Why did European immigrants sometimes outnumber native-born Americans in some cities during the late 19th century?
They were escaping war
They were in search of work and places to live
They wanted to study in American universities
They were invited by the government
Explain how the concepts of "push" and "pull" factors might help us understand why immigrants have come to the U.S. throughout history.
Push and pull factors describe only economic reasons for immigration.
Push and pull factors help categorize the reasons immigrants leave their home countries and are attracted to the U.S.
Push and pull factors are only relevant to 19th-century immigration.
Push and pull factors refer to the legal status of immigrants.
What major change in transportation during the 1880s made it easier for Europeans to immigrate to America?
The invention of the automobile
The construction of railroads and large ocean-going steamships
The building of highways
The use of airplanes
From which regions did most of the "new immigrants" to America in the 1880s come?
Northern and Western Europe
Southern and Eastern Europe
Africa and Asia
Central and South America
Which religious groups were most common among the new immigrants to America in the 1880s?
Protestant and Muslim
Catholic, Jewish, and Orthodox Christian
Hindu and Buddhist
Protestant and Buddhist
What is a "push" factor that might have caused people to leave their home countries in the 1880s?
Freedom
Economic Opportunity
Oppression
Cultural Ties
Which of the following is a "pull" factor that attracted immigrants to America in the 1880s?
War
Religious/Ethnic Persecution
Economic Opportunity
Poverty
Explain the difference between "push" and "pull" factors in the context of immigration. Use examples from the diagram to support your answer.
"Push" factors are reasons people are attracted to a new country, while "pull" factors are reasons people leave their home country.
"Push" factors are reasons people leave their home country, such as oppression or war, while "pull" factors are reasons they are attracted to a new country, such as freedom or economic opportunity.
"Push" factors are only about economic reasons, while "pull" factors are only about religion.
"Push" and "pull" factors mean the same thing.
Where did most immigrants first arrive when coming to America in the late 19th century?
San Francisco
New York City
Boston
Philadelphia
What happened to immigrants who were found to have tuberculosis or other diseases upon arrival?
They were given free medical treatment
They were sent back to their home country
They were allowed to stay but quarantined
They were sent to a different city
Which of the following best describes the living conditions of most immigrants after arriving in America?
They lived in spacious houses with gardens
They lived in crowded tenement buildings
They lived in government-provided apartments
They lived in rural farmhouses
Why did immigrants often settle in ethnic ghettos?
To find better jobs
To cope with their problems by living with people of the same nationality
To avoid paying taxes
To learn American customs faster
What is an example of an ethnic ghetto mentioned in the material?
Wall Street
Central Park
China Town
Times Square
Explain one reason why immigrants faced hostility and discrimination from native-born Americans and other immigrant groups.
Because they were wealthy
Because they dressed differently and were unfamiliar with American customs
Because they spoke perfect English
Because they owned many businesses
Imagine you are an immigrant arriving in New York City in the late 19th century. What challenges might you face during your first year in America?
Finding a place to live, facing discrimination, and working long hours at low pay
Becoming a government official
Traveling to other countries
Starting a successful business immediately
What does the term "Americanized" refer to in the context of immigrant children in the United States?
Learning to dress, speak, and act like other Americans
Returning to their home country
Refusing to learn English
Only working and caring for their families
Why did most adult immigrants not attend night school to learn English?
They were too busy working and caring for their families
They already knew English
They did not want to learn English
Schools were not available
What was the result of immigrant children becoming Americanized?
They became similar to other Americans
They lost all their traditions
They moved to different countries
They stopped going to school
America was seen as a "melting pot" because:
Immigrants were melted down and reshaped
Only one culture was allowed
Immigrants kept all their traditions unchanged
There were no immigrants
What kind of conflict often accompanied Americanization and assimilation for immigrant families?
Parents wanted to hold on to traditions while children adapted to new ways
Children refused to go to school
Families moved back to their home countries
Schools banned immigrant children
Explain how the process of Americanization could lead to conflict within immigrant families. Use evidence from the text to support your answer.
Parents wanted to keep traditions, while children adapted to American ways, causing disagreements.
Children and parents always agreed on everything.
Schools did not allow immigrant children to attend.
Immigrants were not allowed to work.
What is nativism?
The belief that people born in the U.S. are superior and want to restrict immigration
The belief that all immigrants should be welcomed equally
The idea that only people from Europe should immigrate
The belief that immigration should be encouraged for economic growth
Which group did early American immigration restrictions in 1882 primarily target?
Chinese workers
Irish immigrants
Italian immigrants
German immigrants
Why did some Americans believe immigrants would "steal jobs" from other Americans?
Because immigrants were willing to accept lower wages
Because immigrants had more education
Because immigrants started their own businesses
Because immigrants refused to work
What was the first federal law to restrict immigration into the United States?
The Chinese Exclusion Act
The Immigration Act of 1924
The Naturalization Act
The Quota Act
How did the Chinese Exclusion Act affect Chinese workers already living in the U.S.?
They had to obtain a special certificate to re-enter the U.S. and could not become citizens
They were given immediate citizenship
They were allowed to bring their families freely
They were required to leave the country immediately
Explain how nativist beliefs contributed to the creation of immigration restrictions in the late 1800s.
Nativists believed immigrants were inferior and would harm American society, leading to laws that restricted immigration.
Nativists wanted to increase the number of immigrants for economic growth.
Nativists believed all cultures should be celebrated equally.
Nativists encouraged immigrants to take high-paying jobs.
What is one major problem that growing cities faced due to rapid urbanization?
Inadequate public services
Too many parks
Excess farmland
Decreased population
Which of the following is an example of a public service that cities struggled to provide as they grew?
Hospitals
Movie theaters
Shopping malls
Amusement parks
Why were horse-drawn coaches and electric trolleys important in growing cities?
They transported workers to their jobs
They delivered food to homes
They were used for entertainment
They cleaned the streets
What was one solution New York City implemented to reduce pollution from coaches and trolleys?
Built a subway system
Planted more trees
Banned all vehicles
Built more roads
What is a tenement?
A small apartment building lacking basic amenities
A large shopping center
A public park
A government office
How did the close proximity of rich and poor people in cities affect society?
It increased social tensions and crime
It made everyone wealthier
It reduced pollution
It improved public transportation
Explain how the lack of adequate public services in growing cities could impact daily life for residents. (DoK Level 2)
Residents might not have access to hospitals, police, or clean streets, making life more difficult and unsafe.
Residents would have more free time.
Residents would have more shopping options.
Residents would have better weather.
Using evidence from the text, why might the construction of the subway in New York City be considered a strategic solution to urban problems? (DoK Level 3)
It reduced pollution and improved transportation for workers.
It increased the number of cars on the road.
It made the city smaller.
It eliminated the need for public services.
What were city governments often run by during the era of political machines, and what were the leaders of these machines called?
Political machines; political bosses
City councils; mayors
Unions; union leaders
Committees; chairpersons
What did political machines often provide to immigrants and the poor in exchange for their votes?
Free education
Jobs and other services
Land ownership
Military service
Which of the following best describes how political bosses maintained their power in city governments?
By dominating voting and controlling municipal agencies
By running for president
By building factories
By starting newspapers
How did political bosses use their control of city hall to make illegal profits?
By collecting bribes and making illegal profits on city contracts
By selling newspapers
By opening schools
By organizing parades
Which political machine was associated with New York City and controlled by a boss who influenced city workers and services?
Tammany Hall
City Council
The White House
The Senate
How did Boss Tweed benefit from the support of Irish immigrants?
He gained votes and controlled or bribed lawmakers to pass favorable laws
He opened Irish restaurants
He built new schools for immigrants
He started a newspaper for Irish immigrants
Explain how political machines could influence the operation of city services such as schools and hospitals.
By controlling city workers and elected officials, political machines could influence the operation of schools, hospitals, and other services to benefit their supporters and maintain power.
By building new schools and hospitals in every neighborhood.
By hiring only family members to run city services.
By closing down all public services.