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Exam 1 Quizziz

Total questions: 210

Worksheet time: 3hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it essential for life?

a)

It is non-polar

b)

It has a high specific heat capacity

c)

It is a good conductor of electricity

d)

It is a solid at room temperature

2.

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

a)

Ionic bond

b)

Covalent bond

c)

Metallic bond

d)

Hydrogen bond

3.

The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of:

a)

Neutrons

b)

Protons

c)

Electrons in the outer shell

d)

Nucleons

4.

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

a)

A bond between two hydrogen atoms

b)

An attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom

c)

A bond formed by sharing electrons

d)

A bond formed by transferring electrons

5.

What is the mass number of an atom with 11 protons and 12 neutrons?

a)

11

b)

12

c)

23

d)

1

6.

Which element is the most electronegative?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Fluorine

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Chlorine

7.

Which of the following is a polar molecule?

a)

O2O_2

b)

CO2CO_2

c)

H2OH_2O

d)

N2N_2

8.

What type of bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom?

a)

Covalent bond

b)

Ionic bond

c)

Metallic bond

d)

Hydrogen bond

9.

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?

a)

Its non-polar nature

b)

Its polarity

c)

Its high density

d)

Its low boiling point

10.

Which of the following best describes electronegativity?

a)

The ability of an atom to lose electrons

b)

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond

c)

The number of protons in an atom

d)

The mass of an atom

11.

Which of the following is an example of a non-polar covalent bond?

a)

H2OH_2O

b)

NaClNaCl

c)

O2O_2

d)

NH3NH_3

12.

If an atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons, what is its mass number?

a)

17

b)

18

c)

35

d)

1

13.

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is true?

a)

They are stronger than covalent bonds

b)

They are responsible for water’s high boiling point

c)

They involve the transfer of electrons

d)

They only occur in ionic compounds

14.

Why does ice float on liquid water?

a)

Ice is denser than liquid water

b)

Ice is less dense than liquid water

c)

Ice and liquid water have the same density

d)

Ice contains more protons than liquid water

15.

How does the electronegativity of elements change across a period in the periodic table?

a)

It decreases from left to right

b)

It increases from left to right

c)

It remains constant

d)

It increases and then decreases

16.

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the highest boiling point due to hydrogen bonding?

a)

CH4CH_4

b)

NH3NH_3

c)

CO2CO_2

d)

O2O_2

17.

Given the atomic number and mass number, how do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

a)

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

b)

Add the atomic number and mass number

c)

Subtract the mass number from the atomic number

d)

Divide the mass number by the atomic number

18.

Why is water considered a universal solvent?

a)

It is non-polar and dissolves all substances

b)

It can dissolve both polar and ionic substances due to its polarity

c)

It has a low boiling point

d)

It forms covalent bonds with solutes

19.

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water?

a)

Water molecules are non-polar

b)

The positive and negative ions are attracted to the partial charges of water molecules

c)

Water forms covalent bonds with ions

d)

Ionic compounds are non-polar

20.

Which of the following statements best explains the significance of the atomic number?

a)

It determines the number of neutrons in an atom

b)

It identifies the element and its position in the periodic table

c)

It is always equal to the mass number

d)

It determines the number of isotopes

21.

A molecule of H2OH_2O is held together by which type of bond?

a)

Ionic bond

b)

Polar covalent bond

c)

Non-polar covalent bond

d)

Metallic bond

22.

Which of the following best describes the trend of electronegativity down a group in the periodic table?

a)

It increases

b)

It decreases

c)

It remains the same

d)

It fluctuates

23.

Which of the following is a consequence of hydrogen bonding in water?

a)

Water has a low surface tension

b)

Water has a high heat of vaporization

c)

Water is a poor solvent

d)

Water molecules are non-polar

24.

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat capacity?

a)

Water molecules are non-polar

b)

Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form

c)

Water has a low molecular weight

d)

Water is an ionic compound

25.

Predict which of the following pairs of atoms would form a non-polar covalent bond.

a)

NaNa and ClCl

b)

HH and OO

c)

OO and OO

d)

CC and OO

26.

Given the following elements: NaNa , ClCl , OO , and FF , which pair would form the most polar covalent bond? Explain your reasoning.

a)

NaNa and ClCl

b)

OO and FF

c)

ClCl and FF

d)

HH and FF

27.

Hydrogen bond

a)

weak attraction between two molecules (ex: water to water) that is formed due to positive and negative charges attracting

b)

Strong attraction between two molecules.

c)

Weak attraction between two molecules that is formed due to charges repelling.

d)

Strong attraction due to repelling of charges.

28.

hydrophobic

a)

water absorption

b)

Water evaporating

c)

Water fearing

d)

Water saturation

29.

Hydrogen bond

a)

weak attraction between two molecules (ex: water to water) that is formed due to positive and negative charges attracting

b)

Strong attraction between two molecules.

c)

Weak attraction between two molecules that is formed due to charges repelling.

d)

Strong attraction due to repelling of charges.

30.

hydrophobic

a)

water absorption

b)

Water evaporating

c)

Water fearing

d)

Water saturation

31.

hydrophilic

a)

Repelled by water

b)

Attracted to water

c)

on top of water

d)

anti water

32.

Cohesion

a)

repelling of molecules of the same substance

b)

Saturation of molecules

c)

attraction between molecules of the same substance

33.

Adhesion

a)

An attraction of water molecules

b)

A repulsion of water molecules

c)

Repulsion between molecules of different substances

d)

An attraction between molecules of different substances

34.

Surface Tension

a)

A measure of the surface strength of a liquid

b)

A measure of the strength of a liquid

c)

A measure of the strength of a solid

d)

A measure of the surface strength of a gas

35.

Acid

a)

any substance that forms H+ ions in solution (pH less than 7)

b)

Any substance that forms H+ ions in solution (pH greater than 7)

c)

Neutral on the pH system

36.

Base

a)

A substance that is neutral on a pH system

b)

a substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution (pH more than 7)

c)

a substance that produces less hydroxide ions in a solution (pH less than 7)

d)

What you step on in baseball.

37.

How does capillary action happen?

a)

water is polar

b)

it drags other water molecules up the tubes

c)

it sticks to the tubes

d)

ALL OF THESE REASONS

38.

Refer to the picture of water sticking to a leaf; this is occurring because of:

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

39.

What property of water allows water to flow against gravity?

a)

Polarity

b)

Cohesion

c)

Capillary Action

d)

Adhesion

40.

A high specific heat means...

a)

It heats up quickly with energy added

b)

It requires more energy to change temperature

41.

Which term refers to water having partial positive and a partial negative charge?

a)

cohesion

b)

surface tension

c)

polarity

d)

adhesion

42.

Water is a universal solvent because it...

a)

It can be found anywhere

b)

It freezes when it gets cold

c)

floats when frozen

d)

Dissolves most substances

43.

Why does ice float?

a)

As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.

b)

As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.

c)

As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.

d)

As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.

44.

What elements generally make an ionic bond ?

a)

Metal and nonmetal

b)

2 or more nonmetals

c)

2 or more metals

d)

2 elements

45.

An ionic bond is formed when

a)

Valence electrons are shared.

b)

Valence electrons surround the cations.

c)

Valence electrons are transferred between atoms.

d)

Valence electrons are completely transferred between two metals.

46.

What is a valence electron?

a)

an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom

b)

an electron found in the innermost shell of an atom

c)

an electron found in the middle shell

d)

an electon found in the nucleus

47.

What is the number of valence electrons of Oxygen?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

6

d)

8

48.

Predict the bond that will form between Se and Cl

a)

Ionic-bond

b)

Covalent-bond

c)

Metallic-bond

d)

Hydrogen-bond

49.

Predict the bond formed between Be and F

a)

Covalent-bond

b)

Ionic-bond

c)

Metallic-bond

d)

Hydrogen-bond

50.

What is the charge on a Hydrogen ion?

a)

+1

b)

1

c)

2

51.
What is the charge on a chloride ion?
a)
-1
b)
1
c)
+2
d)
+1
52.
How do covalent bonds form?
a)
Donating & receiving valence e- between atoms.
b)
Opposite slight charges attract each other between compounds.
c)
Scientists are still not sure how they form.
d)
Sharing valence e- between atoms.
53.
What two types of atoms make a covalent bond?
a)
2 Nonmetals
b)
1 Nonmetal and 1 Metal
c)
2 Metals
d)
2 Noble Gases
54.

Why don't noble gases form bonds?

a)

Noble gases do form bonds

b)

They all have a full octet

c)

They only bond with each other

55.
What is a cation? 
a)
a metal with a negative (-) charge
b)
a non-metal with a negative (-) charge 
c)
a metal with a positive (+) charge 
d)
a non-metal with a positive (+) charge
56.
What is a anion? 
a)
a metal with a negative (-) charge
b)
a non-metal with a negative (-) charge 
c)
a metal with a positive (+) charge 
d)
a non-metal with a positive (+) charge
57.

Which of the following structures is found in all prokaryotic cells?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplast

58.

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Energy production

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Storage of genetic material

59.

Which organelle is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Nucleus

d)

Golgi apparatus

60.

Which structure is responsible for controlling what enters and leaves an animal cell?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Vacuole

61.

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both Bacteria and Archaea?

a)

Presence of a nucleus

b)

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

c)

Peptidoglycan in cell walls

d)

Ability to perform photosynthesis

62.

Which evidence supports the endosymbiont theory?

a)

Mitochondria have their own DNA

b)

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm

c)

Nucleus contains chromosomes

d)

Lysosomes digest waste

63.

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Lipid storage

d)

Energy production

64.

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Ribosome

65.

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Endoplasmic reticulum

b)

Golgi apparatus

c)

Lysosome

d)

Nucleolus

66.

Which of the following is a unique feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

a)

Presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls

b)

Ability to survive in extreme environments

c)

Lack of ribosomes

d)

Presence of mitochondria

67.

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

68.

Which structure provides support and protection to plant cells but is absent in animal cells?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Lysosome

69.

Which of the following best describes the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

a)

Enclosed in a nucleus

b)

Circular DNA in the cytoplasm

c)

Linear chromosomes in the nucleus

d)

Found in mitochondria

70.

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste in animal cells?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Lysosome

c)

Ribosome

d)

Nucleolus

71.

Which of the following is a function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

a)

Producing ATP

b)

Synthesizing lipids/Filtering the body

c)

Digesting cellular waste

d)

Synthesizing Proteins

72.

Compare the cell walls of Bacteria and Archaea. Which statement is correct?

a)

Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

b)

Only Bacteria have peptidoglycan; Archaea do not

c)

Only Archaea have peptidoglycan; Bacteria do not

d)

Neither has a cell wall

73.

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. What type of cell is it?

a)

Prokaryotic cell

b)

Animal cell

c)

Plant cell

d)

Bacterial cell

74.

Which organelle would you expect to be more numerous in a muscle cell compared to a skin cell, and why?

a)

Chloroplasts, because muscle cells need to photosynthesize

b)

Mitochondria, because muscle cells require more energy

c)

Lysosomes, because muscle cells digest more waste

d)

Nuclei, because muscle cells have more DNA

75.

If a cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which type of cell is it?

a)

Plant cell

b)

Animal cell

c)

Prokaryotic cell

d)

Fungal cell

76.

Why do plant cells have large central vacuoles, while animal cells do not?

a)

To store water and maintain cell shape

b)

To produce energy

c)

To perform photosynthesis

d)

To digest food

77.

Which feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

a)

Presence of ribosomes

b)

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

c)

Presence of a cell wall

d)

Ability to reproduce

78.

How does the endosymbiont theory explain the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Mitochondria evolved from the cell membrane

b)

Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria engulfed by a host cell

c)

Mitochondria formed from the nucleus

d)

Mitochondria are formed by the Golgi apparatus

79.

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, no nucleus, and circular DNA. What type of organism is it most likely from?

a)

Animal

b)

Plant

c)

Bacterium

d)

Fungi

80.

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against Archaea?

a)

Archaea have a different cell wall structure

b)

Archaea have mitochondria

c)

Bacteria lack ribosomes

d)

Bacteria are eukaryotic

81.

A mutation causes a plant cell to lack chloroplasts. What is the most likely consequence?

a)

The cell cannot produce proteins

b)

The cell cannot perform photosynthesis

c)

The cell cannot divide

d)

The cell cannot store water

82.

Given that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, what can you infer about their evolutionary history?

a)

They likely originated from symbiotic bacteria

b)

They are unrelated to prokaryotes

c)

They evolved from the endoplasmic reticulum

d)

They are formed by the Golgi apparatus

83.

A researcher finds a single-celled organism living in a hot spring with no peptidoglycan in its cell wall. What is the most likely classification of this organism?

a)

Bacterium

b)

Archaean

c)

Plant cell

d)

Animal cell

84.

Explain why animal cells are more flexible in shape compared to plant cells.

a)

Animal cells have a rigid cell wall

b)

Animal cells lack a cell wall, allowing flexibility

c)

Plant cells have more mitochondria

d)

Plant cells lack a cell membrane

85.

A scientist is comparing two cells: one has a nucleus and mitochondria, the other does not. What reasoning can the scientist use to classify these cells?

a)

The cell with a nucleus is prokaryotic; the other is eukaryotic

b)

The cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic; the other is prokaryotic

c)

Both are prokaryotic

d)

Both are eukaryotic

86.

If a eukaryotic cell's lysosomes are not functioning properly, what effect would this have on the cell?

a)

The cell would be unable to produce energy

b)

The cell would accumulate waste and damaged organelles

c)

The cell would not be able to photosynthesize

d)

The cell would lose its shape

87.

I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?

a)

vacuole

b)

ribosome

c)

mitochondrion

d)

golgi apparatus

88.

I make proteins for the cell. What am I?

a)

ribosome

b)

cell membrane

c)

nucleus

d)

chloroplast

89.

In what organelle is the genetic material found inside?

a)

cell membrane

b)

chloroplast

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosome

90.

The Golgi apparatus _____.

a)

packages cell products for export

b)

eliminates waste

c)

stores DNA

d)

makes energy

91.

Which type of cell?

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

92.

Using this image, what organelle is C?

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Large Cell Vacuole

d)

Chloroplast

93.

Identify the structure that is indicated by the arrow in the image.

a)

cell wall

b)

central vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

cell membrane

94.

The arrow is showing the fluid inside the cell that surrounds the cell organelles. What is the arrow pointing to in the cell?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

nucleus

95.

What is #1 in the diagram?

a)

nucleus

b)

cell wall

c)

cytoplasm

d)

mitochondrion

96.

Using this image, what organelle is D?

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Flagella

c)

Rough ER

d)

Smooth ER

97.

Name structure #6.

a)

rough ER

b)

Golgi body

c)

Smooth ER

d)

cytoplasm

98.

These form the basis of the "skeleton" inside the cell.

a)

Cillia

b)

Cytosol

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Microtubles

99.

Which of these are functions of the cytoskeleton?

a)

It helps to maintain cell shape.

b)

It provides a place for chemical reactions to occur.

c)

It plays important roles in both the intracellular movement of substances and in cell division.

d)

It holds organelles in place, and for some cells, it enables cell movement.

e)

It creates new proteins, lipids, and other organic molecules

100.

Which of these are cytoskeleton fibers?

a)

microtubules

b)

intermediate filaments

c)

microfilaments

d)

cytoplasm

e)

microflagella

101.

These are hollow cylinders and are the thickest of the cytoskeleton structures and most commonly made of filaments which are polymers of tubulin.

a)

microtubles

b)

intermeadiate filaments

c)

microfilaments

d)

cytoplasm

102.

These are made of two thin actin chains that are twisted around one another. They are found in almost every cell, and are numerous in muscle cells and in cells that move by changing shape

a)

microtubles

b)

intermeadiate filaments

c)

microfilaments

d)

cytoplasm

103.

These organize the inside structure of the cell by holding organelles and providing strength. They are also structural components of the nuclear envelope. Some are made of the protein keratin are found in skin, hair, and nails cells.

a)

microtubles

b)

intermeadiate filaments

c)

microfilaments

d)

cytoplasm

104.

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

a)

Ability to photosynthesize

b)

Response to stimuli

c)

Having a backbone

d)

Living in water

105.

What is the correct order of the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

a)

Cell, organ, tissue, organism

b)

Cell, tissue, organ, organism

c)

Organism, organ, tissue, cell

d)

Tissue, cell, organ, organism

106.

Which step comes first in the scientific method?

a)

Forming a hypothesis

b)

Making observations

c)

Conducting an experiment

d)

Drawing conclusions

107.

Which of the following best defines a hypothesis?

a)

A proven fact

b)

A testable prediction

c)

A list of materials

d)

A scientific law

108.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

a)

Growth and development

b)

Reproduction

c)

Ability to move

d)

Response to environment

109.

Which level of biological organization is directly above the cell?

a)

Organ

b)

Tissue

c)

Organ system

d)

Organism

110.

What is the main purpose of a control group in an experiment?

a)

To provide a comparison

b)

To increase the sample size

c)

To test multiple variables

d)

To collect more data

111.

Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?

a)

A plant growing toward light

b)

Sweating to cool the body

c)

A bird flying south for winter

d)

A fish swimming in water

112.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

a)

Hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion

b)

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion

c)

Experiment, observation, hypothesis, conclusion

d)

Conclusion, experiment, hypothesis, observation

113.

Which of the following is an example of a population?

a)

All the fish, plants, and insects in a pond

b)

All the frogs in a pond

c)

All the ponds in a city

d)

All the water in a pond

114.

A scientist wants to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth. Which variable should be kept constant?

a)

Amount of sunlight

b)

Type of plant

c)

Height of the plant

d)

Growth rate

115.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between tissues and organs?

a)

Tissues are made up of organs

b)

Organs are made up of tissues

c)

Tissues and organs are the same

d)

Organs are smaller than tissues

116.

If a student wants to test whether fertilizer affects plant height, what should be the independent variable?

a)

Amount of water

b)

Amount of fertilizer

c)

Plant height

d)

Type of plant

117.

Which of the following is an example of applying the scientific method?

a)

Reading about plant growth

b)

Measuring plant height after adding fertilizer

c)

Guessing why plants grow

d)

Drawing a picture of a plant

118.

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of adaptation?

a)

A bird eating seeds

b)

A cactus storing water in its stem

c)

A fish swimming in a pond

d)

A dog barking

119.

A student observes that bread mold grows faster in warm temperatures. Which step of the scientific method is this?

a)

Forming a hypothesis

b)

Making an observation

c)

Conducting an experiment

d)

Drawing a conclusion

120.

Which of the following best explains why a control group is important in an experiment?

a)

It allows for more data to be collected

b)

It provides a baseline for comparison

c)

It increases the number of variables

d)

It ensures the experiment is faster

121.

Which of the following is an example of a community in an ecosystem?

a)

All the rocks in a river

b)

All the fish, plants, and insects in a river

c)

All the water in a river

d)

All the fish in a river

122.

A student wants to know if the type of soil affects plant growth. Which is the dependent variable?

a)

Type of soil

b)

Amount of water

c)

Plant growth

d)

Amount of sunlight

123.

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

a)

A hypothesis is a testable prediction; a theory is a well-supported explanation

b)

A hypothesis is proven; a theory is not

c)

A hypothesis is a law; a theory is a guess

d)

A hypothesis is an observation; a theory is an experiment

124.

A researcher observes that a certain plant species only grows in acidic soil. She hypothesizes that soil pH affects plant growth. What should be her next step?

a)

Publish her results

b)

Design an experiment to test the hypothesis

c)

Change her hypothesis

d)

Ignore the observation

125.

You are given a mixture of living and non-living things. How would you determine which are living?

a)

Check if they can move

b)

Test for all characteristics of life, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli

c)

See if they are green

d)

Measure their temperature

126.

A student conducts an experiment to test the effect of light on plant growth. She finds that plants in the dark grew taller but were weaker. What is the best conclusion?

a)

Plants do not need light

b)

Light affects both the height and strength of plants

c)

Plants grow better in the dark

d)

Light has no effect on plants

127.

A scientist wants to test if a new drug reduces fever. She gives the drug to one group and a placebo to another. What is the independent variable?

a)

The group receiving the drug

b)

The presence of fever

c)

The temperature of the patients

d)

The placebo

128.

If a student wants to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, which would be an appropriate control?

a)

Using different enzymes

b)

Keeping the enzyme concentration constant

c)

Changing the pH

d)

Using different substrates

129.

A group of students wants to investigate whether salt affects the boiling point of water. Which is the best experimental design?

a)

Boil water with different amounts of salt and measure the boiling point each time

b)

Boil water with the same amount of salt each time

c)

Boil water without measuring the temperature

d)

Boil water and salt separately

130.

A scientist observes that a certain bacteria can survive in extreme heat. She hypothesizes that the bacteria have special proteins. How should she test her hypothesis?

a)

Compare the proteins in these bacteria to those in bacteria that cannot survive heat

b)

Grow the bacteria in cold temperatures

c)

Ignore the observation

d)

Change the bacteria’s environment

131.

A student wants to know if music affects plant growth. She plays music to one group of plants and not to another. What is the dependent variable?

a)

Type of music

b)

Plant growth

c)

Number of plants

d)

Amount of water

132.

A researcher finds that a certain chemical increases the rate of cell division in plants. What is the best way to confirm this result?

a)

Repeat the experiment several times

b)

Change the chemical used

c)

Use a different plant species

d)

Stop the experiment

133.

A student hypothesizes that sugar will dissolve faster in hot water than in cold water. She tests this by dissolving sugar in both hot and cold water and timing the process. What is the best way to ensure her results are valid?

a)

Use the same amount of sugar and water in each test

b)

Use different types of sugar

c)

Change the amount of water each time

d)

Use different containers

134.

Which of the following is a characteristic of life that allows organisms to maintain a stable internal environment?

a)

Metabolism

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Evolution

d)

Adaptation

135.

Which example best demonstrates the characteristic of life known as metabolism?

a)

A plant bending toward sunlight

b)

A dog panting to cool down

c)

A human digesting food to obtain energy

d)

A bird migrating south for the winter

136.

Which of the following is the monomer unit of proteins?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Amino acid

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Fatty acid

137.

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

a)

Glycosidic bond

b)

Peptide bond

c)

Hydrogen bond

d)

Phosphodiester bond

138.

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

a)

Protein

b)

Lipid

c)

Nucleic acid

d)

Carbohydrate

139.

Which of the following best describes a saturated fat?

a)

Contains double bonds between carbon atoms

b)

Contains only single bonds between carbon atoms

c)

Is liquid at room temperature

d)

Is a polymer of amino acids

140.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

The folding into alpha helices and beta sheets

c)

The overall 3D shape

d)

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains

141.

Which reaction results in the breakdown of polymers into monomers?

a)

Dehydration reaction

b)

Hydrolysis reaction

c)

Condensation reaction

d)

Oxidation reaction

142.

Which group is unique to each amino acid and determines its properties?

a)

Amino group

b)

Carboxyl group

c)

R group

d)

Phosphate group

143.

What is the main function of carbohydrates in cells?

a)

Store genetic information

b)

Provide energy

c)

Catalyze reactions

d)

Form cell membranes

144.

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of nucleotides

b)

The folding into alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

c)

The joining of two monosaccharides

d)

The arrangement of phospholipids

145.

Which bond forms between nucleotides in a nucleic acid?

a)

Peptide bond

b)

Glycosidic bond

c)

Phosphodiester bond

d)

Disulfide bond

146.

Given a diagram of a phospholipid bilayer, identify the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

a)

Both tails are hydrophilic, heads are hydrophobic

b)

Both heads are hydrophilic, tails are hydrophobic

c)

Both heads and tails are hydrophobic

d)

Both heads and tails are hydrophilic

147.

Compare the structure of alpha and beta glucose. Which statement is correct?

a)

They have different molecular formulas

b)

They differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1

c)

Alpha glucose is a lipid, beta glucose is a protein

d)

Beta glucose has more carbons than alpha glucose

148.

Which process would you use to join two monosaccharides into a disaccharide?

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Dehydration synthesis

c)

Denaturation

d)

Phosphorylation

149.

Explain how chaperone proteins assist in protein folding.

a)

They break peptide bonds

b)

They prevent incorrect folding by stabilizing intermediate structures

c)

They add phosphate groups to proteins

d)

They hydrolyze ATP to form amino acids

150.

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

a)

They have more hydrogen atoms

b)

Their double bonds create kinks, preventing tight packing

c)

They are made of amino acids

d)

They have a higher melting point

151.

A protein loses its shape and function when exposed to high heat. What is this process called?

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Denaturation

c)

Polymerization

d)

Dehydration

152.

Given a sequence of amino acids, predict how a change in the R group of one amino acid might affect the protein’s tertiary structure.

a)

It will have no effect

b)

It could alter the folding and function of the protein

c)

It will only affect the primary structure

d)

It will turn the protein into a carbohydrate

153.

Analyze why hydrolysis reactions are important in digestion.

a)

They build new proteins from amino acids

b)

They break down macromolecules into absorbable monomers

c)

They create peptide bonds

d)

They form phospholipid bilayers

154.

Evaluate the impact of a mutation that changes a hydrophobic amino acid to a hydrophilic one in the core of a protein.

a)

The protein will become more stable

b)

The protein may misfold or lose function

c)

The protein will not be affected

d)

The protein will become a nucleic acid

155.

Given a diagram of a DNA double helix, explain how phosphodiester bonds and hydrogen bonds contribute to its structure.

a)

Phosphodiester bonds hold the two strands together, hydrogen bonds link nucleotides in a strand

b)

Phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides within a strand, hydrogen bonds hold the two strands together

c)

Both bonds only occur in proteins

d)

Both bonds are found in carbohydrates

156.

What is the function of Carbohydrates?

a)

Long-term energy

b)

Muscle development

c)

Short-term energy

d)

enzyme activity

157.

Which macromolecule has amino acids as monomers?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

158.

Which one of the macromolecules are instrumental in the cell membrane?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

159.

This macromolecules is responsible for providing our genetic material. Choose the macromolecule that best fits.

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

160.

My monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Which macromolecule am I?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

161.

My monomers are monosaccharides. Which macromolecule am I?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

162.

My monomers consist of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Which macromolecule am I?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

163.

Which of the following is a simple sugar or monosaccharide?

a)

glucose

b)

starch

c)

protein

d)

lipid

164.

The building blocks or monomers of carbohydrates (sugars) are?

a)

amino acids

b)

fatty acids

c)

monosaccharides

d)

nucleotides

165.

What are the building blocks or monomers for nucleic acids?

a)

monosaccharides

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

fatty acids

166.

Dehydration reaction joins monomers and makes a polymer. True/ False

a)

True

b)

False

167.

What is the function of lipids?

a)

Perform cell's functions/tasks

b)

Fast energy

c)

Energy storage

d)

Alter other biomolecules

e)

Store information for cells

168.

Is found in the cell membrane as a bilayer. 

a)

lipids

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

169.

What is this image?

a)

cell membrane

b)

mitochondria

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

endoplasmic reticulum

170.

When something is 'water fearing' it is....

a)

Hydrophobic

b)

Hydrophilic 

c)

Hydroelectric 

d)

Hydrochloric

171.

When something is 'water loving' it is.....

a)

Hydrophobic

b)

Hydrophilic 

c)

Hydroelectric 

d)

Hydroloric

172.

Lipids do not dissolve in water because they are _______________

a)

polar

b)

water soluble

c)

non-polar

173.

The C-O-O-H on the end of a fatty acid structure is called a _______

a)

carboxyl group

b)

R group

c)

fatty acid

d)

amino acid

174.

In the phospholipid, the polar head is considered what type of structure?

a)

hydrophobic

b)

insoluble

c)

hydrophilic

175.

What type of fat is this?

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

unsaturated fatty acid

c)

steroid

d)

wax

176.

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

177.

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are elements in what biomolecule?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic acid

178.

Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

179.

What type of macromolecule is being represented in this image? 

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

180.

Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

181.

Examine the structure of this monomer. Which macromolecule group does it belong to?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

182.

Examine the structure of this monomer. Which macromolecule group does it belong to?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

183.

Which function(s) listed below do lipids provide for living things?

a)

short-term energy storage

b)

long-term energy storage

c)

store genetic information

d)

build cell walls

184.

Which function(s) listed below do proteins provide for living things?

a)

short-term energy storage

b)

long-term energy storage

c)

store genetic information

d)

structural support

e)

speed up chemical reactions

185.

Which function(s) listed below do carbohydrates provide for living things?

a)

short-term energy storage

b)

long-term energy storage

c)

store genetic information

d)

build cell membranes

186.

Which function(s) listed below do nucleic acids provide for living things?

a)

short-term energy storage

b)

long-term energy storage

c)

store genetic information

d)

structural support

e)

speed up chemical reactions

187.

Saturated fats are ___ at room temperature whereas unsaturated fats are ___ at room temperature.

a)
melted, frozen
b)
hard, soft
c)
solid, liquid
d)
liquid, solid
188.

There are 20 different amino acids, what differs between them?

a)

the presence/absence of an amino group

b)

the presence/absence of a carboxyl group

c)

the R side chain

d)

all of the above

189.

An amino acid that has only carbon & hydrogen in its R side chain would be classified as?

a)

nonpolar

b)

polar

c)

charged

190.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

a)

the length of the amino acid chain

b)

the sequence of amino acids in the chain

c)

amino acids connected via peptide bonds

d)

all of the above

191.

Which of the following is NOT a type of secondary structure found in proteins?

a)

antiparallel double helix

b)

alpha helix

c)

beta pleated sheet

192.

What interactions can cause a protein to fold into its tertiary structure?

a)

opposite charge attractions between side chains

b)

nonpolar interactions between side chains

c)

hydrogen bonding between side chains

d)

all of the above

193.

A protein that is comprised of two or more subunits has (a)   structure as its highest level.

194.
The reaction used to digest and break the bond in red is:
a)
Hydrolysis
b)
Dehydration Synthesis
c)
Oxidation
d)
Single Displacement
195.
The primary sequence of a protein refers to the:
a)
Order of amino acids
b)
α-Helix or β-Pleated Sheet
c)
Interaction of subunits
d)
Hydrogen Bonding
196.
The two types of folding in the secondary structure are.....
a)
alpha-helix & beta-pleated sheets
b)
polypeptide & nucleotide
c)
globular & fibrous
197.
What gives a protein its unique shape?
a)
the unique sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain
b)
the unique folding due to the sequence of amnio acids in the polypeptide chain
c)
hydrogen bonding & unique interactions between the 'R' groups
d)
all of these
198.

Why is folding so important in proteins?

a)

It gives them a unique, functional shape

b)

It makes them look tidier

c)

It makes every protein molecule different from the next even if they are the same type

d)

The folding is random so is not that important at all

199.

The chain of amino acids folds and coils on itself

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

200.

The entire polypeptide forms a three-dimensional structure

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

201.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
202.

Which of the following is directly responsible for the shape of an enzyme/protein?

a)

The amino acid sequence of the protein and the properties of the amino acids that make up the protein.

b)

The temperature of the surrounding environment.

c)

The pH of the surrounding environment.

d)

The amount of substrate present.

203.
How many structures or stages are there in proteins?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
204.

During the tertiary folding stage, polar amino acids will orient themselves on the ____________ of the molecule.

a)

interior

b)

exterior

c)

positive side

d)

negative side

205.
Which letter corresponds to an alpha helix?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
206.
Which letter corresponds to an beta sheet?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
207.
Which letter corresponds to the primary protein structure?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
208.
Which letter corresponds to the tertiary protein structure?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
209.
Does the structure (shape) of a protein affect the function (what it does)?
a)
Yes
b)
No
210.

What is the primary role of chaperone proteins in cells?

a)

To degrade misfolded proteins

b)

To assist in the folding of proteins into their normal shapes

c)

To transport proteins across cell membranes

d)

To synthesize new proteins

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Biology 20 UD Review II

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Biology 20 UD Review II

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12th Grade