It became less regulated and had fewer protocols.

It became more isolated and less involved with other sciences.

It became more focused on culture rather than technology.

They became more focused on information seeking rather than riches.

ape-like traits but not human traits; hands are like those of apes; small face

fully human traits; high rounded skull; erect posture; smaller facial features

human-like feet and hands; smaller teeth than earlier hominins; small lower limbs

both human and ape-like traits; small canine teeth but large cheek teeth; small brain

Homo erectus lived mainly in forests while Australopithecus lived mainly in savannahs.

Homo erectus could use its hands to carry while Australopithecus could not grasp with its hands

Homo erectus lived mainly outside of Africa while Australopithecus lived exclusively in Africa.

Homo erectus had advanced technological skills while Australopithecus had limited technological abilities.

herding animals

irrigating fields

using fire

forging metal

its broad grasslands and abundant water sources

its isolation from regions containing dangerous animals

its absence of competition with other hominin species

its large jungles with abundant supplies of fruits and nuts

the ability to travel long distances

the reliance on grasses and grains for food

the inability to adapt to changes in habitat

the need to live near natural sources of water

The BEGINNING of the ice age.

Continental drift

The END of the ice age.

the extinction of game animals

navigating by the stars

constructing man-made bridges

controlling flood waters

building vehicles for transportation

the beginning of farming

the creation of human culture

the migration of humans to different continents

the establishment of permanent settlements

Some members of the group had to specialize in taking care of the children.

It was easier to hunt large game animals by working together with others.

They had to take care of the members of their group who were sick or injured.

Population increases led to competition for limited resources among groups.

left behind by the other members of the group to support himself

assigned by his group with the job of supporting the elderly

asked to aid in gathering and growing plants for the group to eat

given a role in the hunt that could be performed with an injury

reveal information about how many people were in the early human group

reflect early humans' religious or spiritual beliefs

show how many sunsets the early human group had seen

provide clues about the social hierarchies of the groups who painted them

The humans who migrated from Asia to North America had more sophisticated tools and weapons.

The humans who migrated from Asia to North America relied on sharpened sticks for hunting.

The first humans living in Africa were more likely to live in permanent settlements.

The first humans living in Africa used bone to form eyed needles and barbed fishhooks.

constantly faced new challenges

had a large vocabulary of spoken words

possessed sophisticated problem-solving skills

established permanent settlements as soon as they could