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WorksheetsCHAPTER 2 TEST BANK AND ANSWER KEY
Total questions: 96
Worksheet time: 48mins
TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition of matter.
true
false
Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space.
true
false
The mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of neutrons in its nucleus.
true
false
Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges.
true
false
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.
true
false
The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) indicate the relative amounts of each element present.
true
false
When two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond.
true
false
Water is an example of a compound.
true
false
A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule.
true
false
During an exchange reaction, the bonds of a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms, or ions are formed.
true
false
A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product).
true
false
A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions such as body fluids.
true
false
A substance that dissociates and releases hydrogen ions into water is classified as a base.
true
false
An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.
true
false
Within a solution, buffers combine with hydrogen ions when H⁺ ions are in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when H⁺ ions are depleted.
true
false
A salt is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions.
true
false
Cells use oxygen to release energy from glucose.
true
false
The building blocks of triglyceride molecules are amino acids.
true
false
Cholesterol is a type of protein.
true
false
Steroid molecules consist of four connected rings of carbon atoms.
true
false
The building blocks of proteins are molecules called amino acids.
true
false
Examples of proteins include DNA and RNA.
true
false
Atoms of different elements vary in size, weight, and ways they interact with other atoms.
true
false
Protons are the particles within an atom that determine the atom's bonding behavior.
true
false
Protons and electrons are similar in size.
true
false
All isotopes of an element have the same number of electrons.
true
false
As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases in a solution, the pH decreases.
true
false
Water, salts, oxygen, and proteins are all examples of inorganic substances.
true
false
All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink, and medications that we take are examples of which of the following?
Chemicals
Vitamins
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Indicate the substance that is NOT an element.
Iron
Oxygen
Water
Carbon
Ninety-five percent (95%) of the human body (by weight) is made up of what four elements?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium
Hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen, oxygen
Sodium, calcium, nitrogen, oxygen
What is released when an unstable isotope decomposes?
Radiation
Water
Carbon dioxide
Acid
The term__________ is defined as the amount of matter, while the term__________ refers to the gravitational pull on the matter.
mass; weight
weight; mass
What is the term given to the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of a particular element?
Atomic number
Mass number
Atomic weight
Isotope
What is the term given to the spaces the electrons of an atom occupy around the nucleus?
Pockets
Shells
Regions
Zones
The electrons in its outermost shell of an atom determine which feature?
Weight
Chemical behavior
Mass
Atomic number
What differs between the isotopes of a particular element?
The number of protons
The number of neutrons
The size of the electrons
The number of electron shells
By what mechanism does a chemical bond form between an ion of potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻)?
Electrons are shared between ions, forming a bond.
The opposite charges of the ions cause them to be attracted to each other, forming a bond.
The protons of each nucleus are attracted to each other, forming a bond.
Neutrons from one ion are transferred to the other ion, forming a bond.
What is the maximum number of electrons the first (innermost) electron shell of an atom can hold?
1
2
4
8
What is indicated by the formula H₂O?
An atom that contains 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule
An atom that contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen molecules
A molecule that contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
A molecule that contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms
What type of chemical bond is formed when ions with opposite charges are attracted to one another?
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Polar covalent bond
Double covalent bond
What type of chemical bond is formed by the attraction of the positive hydrogen end of one polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule?
Ionic bond
Double bond
Hydrogen bond
Covalent bond
Based on their subatomic makeup, which atom is actually an ion?
Atom 1
Atom 2
Atom 3
The reaction A + B → AB is an example of what type of reaction?
Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
Reversible
What type of chemical reaction do parts of two different molecules trade positions?
Decomposition reaction
Exchange reaction
Reversible reaction
Synthesis reaction
How would a decomposition reaction be illustrated?
A + B → AB
AB → A + B
C + D → AB
AB + CD → AC + BD
A solution with a pH of 4 is__________ and a solution with a pH of 9 is__________.
acidic; basic (alkaline)
acidic; neutral
basic (alkaline); acidic
neutral; acidic
What type of solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions?
Basic
Neutral
Acidic
What is the difference in hydrogen ion concentration that each whole number on the pH scale represents?
2-fold
10-fold
20-fold
100-fold
As hydrogen ion concentration of a solution increases, what change occurs in the pH value?
The pH value increases.
The pH value decreases.
The pH becomes negative.
The pH value approaches 14.
A solution with a pH of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution of what pH?
pH of 0.6
pH of 2
pH of 7
pH of 8
What blood pH is associated with the condition called alkalosis?
Blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45
Blood pH below 7.0
Blood pH above 7.45
Blood pH below 7.35
Consider the chemical reaction: H2SO4 → HSO4- + H+. In this reaction, is H2SO4 an acid or a base?
Acid
Base
What type of chemicals function to resist changes in pH of a solution?
Buffers
Acids
Bases
Ions
At the cellular level, physiology becomes the study of:
organs.
chemistry.
tissues.
organ systems.
Indicate the compound that is an organic substance.
Water
Protein
Sodium chloride
Oxygen
What inorganic substances dissociates in water releasing ions?
Organic compounds
Electrolytes
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Is water the major solvent or solute in the body?
Solvent
Solute
What is carbon dioxide?
It is a waste product of metabolic processes.
It is an element.
It is a salt.
It is an electrolyte.
Indicate the inorganic substance.
Glucose
Cholesterol
Carbon dioxide
DNA
Indicate the non-carbohydrate molecule.
Disaccharide
Protein
Polysaccharide
Glucose
Which organic molecules primary function is to store energy for cellular function?
Triglycerides
Steroid
Nucleic acid
Polypeptide
What is the branch of science that studies the composition of matter?
Histology
Chemistry
Physiology
Cytology
Atoms that lose or gain electrons become electrically charged particles called:
ions.
molecules.
protons.
isotopes.
What type of bond is formed when atoms form bonds by sharing electrons?
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Electronic bond
Hydrogen bond
Within a water molecule, the shared electrons forming the bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom spend more time at the oxygen end of the molecule than at the hydrogen end. This is an example of what type of bond?
Polar covalent bond
Nonpolar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
What type of reaction is the following formula illustrating? FX → F + X
Decomposition
Exchange
Synthesis
Reversible
What type of chemical bonds are, individually, relatively weak but, collectively, are strong enough to be responsible for the surface tension of water?
Ionic bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Solution A has a pH of 6 and Solution B has a pH of 3. Which statement about the H+ concentration is correct?
Solution B has 3 times more H+ than Solution A.
Solution B has 3 times less H+ than Solution A.
Solution B has 30 times more H+ than Solution A.
Solution B has 1000 times more H+ than Solution A.
Solution B has 1000 times less H+ than Solution A.
How would the addition of lactic acid to a solution change the pH of the solution?
Increase the pH
Decrease the pH
No change to the pH
What is the normal range for blood pH?
6.35 — 7.45
6.85 — 7.15
7.0 — 7.35
7.35 — 7.45
Three atoms have the following subatomic particles: Atom 1: 3 protons, 2 neutrons, 3 electrons Atom 2: 3 protons, 3 neutrons, 2 electrons Atom 3: 3 protons, 1 neutron, 3 electrons Which statement best describes these three atoms?
They are all the same element; they are isotopes of each other.
They are three different elements; they are isotopes of each other.
They are all the same element; two of the atoms are ions.
They all have the same atomic number and mass number.
Overall, the electrical charge of a nucleus of an atom is always:
neutral.
positive.
negative.
What is the atomic number for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?
A) 11
B) 12
C) 23
D) 24
What is the mass number for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?
11
12
23
24
An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Its isotope with a mass number of 15 would have how many neutrons in its nucleus?
5
7
8
15
Which atom will become a positively charged ion?
An atom that loses an electron
An atom that gains an electron
An atom that gains a neutron
An atom that loses a neutron
Which of the following best describes the relationship of a solute and solvent?
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent.
A solvent is a substance that dissolves in a solute.
A solute and a solvent are the same things.
A solute turns a solvent into a liquid.
C6H12O6 is an example of what type of compound?
Organic compound
Inorganic compound
Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Galactose, glucose, and fructose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Starch and glycogen are examples of what type of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Ribose and deoxyribose are examples of what type of organic molecule?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Which of the following formulas is a carbohydrate?
C6H12O6
C5H10O6
C123H193N35O37
C10H16N10O13P3
Fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks of what molecule?
Triglyceride
Steroid
Polysaccharide
Protein
Within a phospholipid molecule, what is true about the properties of the phosphate "head" and the fatty acid "tails"?
Phosphate is hydrophilic and the fatty acids are hydrophobic.
Phosphate is hydrophobic and the fatty acids are hydrophobic.
Phosphate is hydrophilic and the fatty acids are hydrophilic.
Phosphate is hydrophobic and the fatty acids are hydrophilic.
What type of lipid is used in the production of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone?
Steroids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Fatty acids
Stearic acid and linolenic acid are both fatty acids built on chains of 18 carbon atoms. Based on their chemical composition, which of these is the saturated fatty acid?
Stearic acid
Linolenic acid
What type of fatty acid will have double bonds between carbon atoms within its carbon chain?
Unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids
What type of organic compound will have amino groups, carboxyl groups, and R groups?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Enzymes, receptors, and antibodies are examples of what type of organic compound?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
What happens to energy in a chemical reaction in which bonds are broken?
Energy is consumed.
Energy is released.
Can lipids dissolve in water?
Yes because they are hydrophilic.
No because they are hydrophilic.
Yes because they are hydrophobic.
No because they are hydrophobic.
A primary, secondary, and tertiary structure describe the structure of what type of organic compound?
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
What structural level of a polypeptide chain is best described as the order of amino acids?
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
What is meant by the denaturation of a protein?
A) Amino acids are removed from the original polypeptide chain, leading to denaturation.
B) Additional carboxyl groups bind to the ends of the polypeptide chain, leading to denaturation.
C) Hydrogen bonds between regions of the polypeptide chain are broken, leading to denaturation.
D) Larger amino acids such as phenylalanine are replaced with smaller amino acids such as cysteine, leading to denaturation.
