WorksheetsPatho Ch 37
Total questions: 22
Worksheet time: 32mins
The functional unit of the kidney is (a) .
What supplies blood to the glomerulus?
Describe the sequence of structures in the kidney.
Bowman's capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
The (a) are (b) networks that parallel the Loop of Henle. They are crucial for maintaining the (c) gradient in the medulla of the kidney, which is essential for (d) concentration.
The muscle formed in the bladder to help with micturition is called the (a) .
Differentiate internal vs. external urethral sphincter based on musculature and control.
internal urethral sphincter- control
involuntary
internal urethral sphincter - musculature
smooth muscle
external urethral sphincter - control
voluntary
external urethral sphincter - musculature
skeletal muscle
How much blood do the kidneys receive per minute? How does this compare to overall cardiac output?
Kidneys receive about 1,200 mL/minute (about 20-25% of cardiac output)
Kidneys receive about 1,200 mL/minute (about 50% of cardiac output)
Kidneys receive about 1,500 mL/minute (about 20-25% of cardiac output)
Kidneys receive about 2,100 mL/minute (about 50% of cardiac output)
What is the term for the filtration of the plasma per unit of time?
(a)
Match the following descriptions to their amounts
normal urinary output per hour
30-80
normal urinary output per kg per hour
0.5-1.0
amount of blood received by kidneys per minute in mL
1,200
specific gravity of normal urine in adults
1.010 - 1.025
specific gravity of normal urine in infants
1.010-1.018
The blood vessels of the kidney are innervated by (a) nerve fibers located primarily on afferent arterioles.
When blood pressure (a) , the nerves signal the (b) to retain more (c) and water to (d) blood pressure.
(a) is an enzyme, and it serves the purpose of metabolizing catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline in the body.
What are the components of the RAAS system? Be able to describe each component succinctly (e.g, what it is, when it is triggered, what it does).
released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood pressure or sympathetic stimulation; Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I by acting on a protein called angiotensinogen produced by the liver.
renin
an inactive precursor that is converted to angiotensin II by ACE found in the lungs and kidneys
Angiotensin I
a potent vasoconstrictor that also stimulates aldosterone secretion, increasing blood pressure and sodium reabsorption; Signals the adrenal glands to release aldosterone and ADH
Angiotensin II
increases sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron, contributing to blood pressure elevation
Aldosterone
comes from pituitary which increases water reabsorption in kidneys
ADH
Natriuretic peptide are hormones that promote (a) excretion and (b) blood volume and pressure by inhibiting the (c) and increasing (d) (vasodilation) by stopping the release of (e) from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
Match.
the force exerted by fluid in a capillary that pushes water out
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure created by proteins in the blood plasma
Oncotic pressure
remove waste products and excess ions from the blood into the urine
secretory transport mechanisms
Reabsorption of the majority of filtered water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids.
convoluted segment of the PT
urine composition
Loop of Henle
Discuss the relationship between specific gravity and ADH.: ADH (a) water permeability and reabsorption in the last segment of the (b) renal tubule. ADH levels determine the (c) of urine.
Discuss the relationship between aldosterone and RAAS. Aldosterone is synthesized and secreted by the (a) . It is released by (b) stimulation and results in (c) . It (d) ADH to (e) water and sodium resorption in the renal tubules.
(a) hormones are synthesized and released from the (b) and (c) the RAAS system. They protect the heart from fluid volume overload by causing (d) and (e) sodium and water excretion.
GFR provides a good estimate of functioning renal tissue and is important for assessing and monitoring kidney damage and drug dosing. (a) is a good measure of GFR.
Match the following
Maintains homeostasis by decreasing plasma calcium levels to stimulate parathyroid hormone release to increase calcium levels by mobilizing bone calcium
Vitamin D
Found in the fetal liver and adult kidney; stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
Involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels; promotes the uptake of glucose by cells
insulin
Secreted by the pancreas; plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates
glucagon
Match the following
Inversely related to function status of GFR; Better for monitoring chronic kidney disease
Plasma Creatinine Concentration
Influenced by dehydration and altered protein intake; As GFR decreases, this increases
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Specific gravity must be correlated with urine osmolality to determine if it is more concentrated secondary to intrinsic renal disease vs. hypovolemia due to dehydration.
Urinalysis
epithelial cells are common; abnormal findings: casts, RBCs, WBCs
Urine sediment
provides a good estimate of functioning renal tissue and is important for assessing and monitoring kidney damage and drug dosing.
Renal Clearance/GFR
Label the nephron
