Which principle states that the pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is the same in all directions?

What is the term for the force exerted by a fluid on a submerged surface due to the fluid’s weight?

Which device is commonly used to measure the flow rate of water in a pipe?

What is the main function of a hydraulic system?

Which equation expresses the conservation of energy for a flowing fluid?

A fluid has a density of $$1000\, \mathrm{kg/m^3}$$ and is at rest. What is the pressure at a depth of $$5\, \mathrm{m}$$ below the surface? (Assume $$g = 9.81\, \mathrm{m/s^2}$$ )

If the diameter of a pipe is doubled, how does the cross-sectional area change?

A manometer is used to measure the pressure difference between two points in a pipe. If the height difference of the manometer fluid is $$0.3\, \mathrm{m}$$ and the fluid density is $$850\, \mathrm{kg/m^3}$$ , what is the pressure difference? (Take $$g = 9.81\, \mathrm{m/s^2}$$ )

Which of the following best describes laminar flow?

A hydraulic press has a small piston of area $$0.02\, \mathrm{m^2}$$ and a large piston of area $$0.5\, \mathrm{m^2}$$ . If a force of $$100\, \mathrm{N}$$ is applied to the small piston, what is the force exerted by the large piston (neglecting losses)?

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of pneumatic systems?

A tank is filled with oil (density $$900\, \mathrm{kg/m^3}$$ ) to a depth of $$4\, \mathrm{m}$$ . Calculate the hydrostatic force on a $$2\, \mathrm{m}$$ wide vertical wall submerged to the full depth. (Take $$g = 9.81\, \mathrm{m/s^2}$$ )

A horizontal pipe carries water at a velocity of $$2\, \mathrm{m/s}$$ at point A and $$1\, \mathrm{m/s}$$ at point B. If the pressure at A is $$200\, \mathrm{kPa}$$ , what is the pressure at B? (Assume no height difference and neglect losses; water density $$= 1000\, \mathrm{kg/m^3}$$ )

A fluid flows through a pipe with a sudden contraction. If the upstream velocity is $$0.5\, \mathrm{m/s}$$ and the downstream velocity is $$2\, \mathrm{m/s}$$ , calculate the ratio of the upstream to downstream pipe diameters.

A rectangular gate $$1.5\, \mathrm{m}$$ wide and $$2\, \mathrm{m}$$ high is submerged vertically in water with its top edge at the water surface. Calculate the depth from the water surface to the centre of pressure.

A U-tube manometer contains mercury (density $$13,600\, \mathrm{kg/m^3}$$ ) and is connected to a gas pipe. The mercury level is $$0.12\, \mathrm{m}$$ higher on the open side. What is the gauge pressure of the gas in $$\mathrm{Pa}$$ ?

A pneumatic cylinder is used to lift a load of $$200\, \mathrm{lbs}$$ . If the piston area is $$10\, \mathrm{in^2}$$ , what is the minimum air pressure required (in psi)?

A fluid with a viscosity of $$0.002\, \mathrm{Pa \cdot s}$$ flows through a pipe of length $$10\, \mathrm{m}$$ and radius $$0.05\, \mathrm{m}$$ under a pressure difference of $$5000\, \mathrm{Pa}$$ . Calculate the volumetric flow rate using Poiseuille’s law.

A water tank is $$10\, \mathrm{ft}$$ deep. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank? (Assume atmospheric pressure is $$101,325\, \mathrm{Pa}$$ , water density $$= 1000\, \mathrm{kg/m^3}$$ , $$1\, \mathrm{ft} = 0.3048\, \mathrm{m}$$ , $$g = 9.81\, \mathrm{m/s^2}$$ )