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Body Water and Fluid Types

Total questions: 88

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is intravascular fluid?

a)
Fluid found in the interstitial space
b)
Fluid that is part of the lymphatic system
c)
Fluid contained within cells
d)
Intravascular fluid is the fluid found within blood vessels, mainly plasma.
2.

What is interstitial fluid?

a)
Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in tissues.
b)
Interstitial fluid is a type of blood plasma.
c)
Interstitial fluid is the fluid inside the cells.
d)
Interstitial fluid is a type of digestive juice.
3.

Total Body Water (TBW) in the average human is around ____ liters

a)

34L

b)

42L

c)

50L

d)

15L

4.

TBW is roughly __% of total body weight

a)

60%

b)

70%

c)

50%

d)

40%

5.

Mechanisms responsible for water loss

a)

Excretion

b)

Injury or trauma

c)

Evaporation

d)

Insensible fluid loss

6.

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion require energy

a)

True

b)

False

7.

NA+, K+ ATPase are considered active transporters and require energy

a)

True

b)

False

8.

H20 flows across membranes ______ through ______

a)

passively; osmosis

b)
active transport through a solid barrier
c)
filtration through a liquid medium
d)
diffusion through a permeable membrane
9.

Pathway of the kidneys

a)

Glomerulus > Proximal convoluted tubule > Loop of Henle > Distal Convoluted tubule > collecting ducts

b)

Proximal convoluted tubule > Glomerulus > Loop of Henle > Distal Convoluted tubule > collecting ducts

c)

Proximal convoluted tubule > Loop of Henle > > Distal Convoluted tubule > collecting ducts

10.

The nephron can regenerate when damaged

a)

True

b)

False

11.

We excrete roughly _-_ L per day

a)

1-2

b)

3-4

c)

1-3

d)

2-5

12.

Reabsorption of water and solutes occurs throughout the nephron, whereas the reabsorption of most medications are found in

a)
proximal convoluted tubule
b)
collecting duct
c)
loop of Henle
d)
distal convoluted tubule
13.

Movement of water and solutes from blood into urine is always a _____ ______ process

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

14.

Creatinine, H+, NH4+ and some drugs are secreted by the

a)

distal convoluted tubule

b)
ureter
c)

proximal convoluted tubule

d)
glomerulus
15.

Loop of Henle reabsorbs only _____ in the descending limb

a)

Water

b)

Na+

c)

Creatinine

d)

Calcium

16.

Which is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

a)

Potassium and Calcium

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Sodium and Chloride

d)

Water

e)

Creatinine

17.

Which is reabsorbed in the Distal convoluted tubule and Collecting duct

a)

Sodium and Chloride

b)

Phosphorus and Calcium

c)

H+

d)

Water

18.

Loop diuretics target what within the kidney

a)

Loop of Henle

b)

DCT

c)

PCT

d)

Collecting ducts

19.

Thiazide diuretics targets what part of the kidney

a)

Loop of Henle

b)

DCT

c)

PCT

d)

Collecting duct

20.

Aldosterone antagonists target what part of the kidney

a)

Loop of Henle

b)

DCT

c)

PCT

d)

Collecting duct

21.

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarb, BUN, SCr and Glucose form what lab?

a)
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)
b)

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Chem7

c)
Lipid Panel
d)
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
22.

Calcium, Albumin, Total proteins, Bilirubin, Alkaline phos. trans. and amino is part of what labs?

a)
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
b)

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) Chem14

c)
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
d)
Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs)
23.

Small molecules in water; distribute into tissues

a)

Colloids

b)

Crystalloids

24.

Crystalloids consist of

a)

Dextrose

b)

Sodium chloride

c)

Lactated ringers

d)

Proteins

25.

Big molecules in water

a)

Colloids

b)

Crystalloids

26.

Colloids consist of

a)

Proteins (albumin)

b)

Polysaccharides

c)

Dextrose

d)

Sodium Chloride

27.

Hypotonic saline requirements fall under what %

a)

0.45%

b)

0.7%

c)

0.35%

d)

0.8%

28.

Isotonic saline requirements fall under what %

a)

0.9%

b)

0.6%

c)

0.45%

d)

0.35%

29.

Hypertonic saline requirements fall under what %

a)

3%

b)

0.45%

c)

5%

d)

0.35%

30.

Edema test indicates what severity at 2mm indention

a)

Mild

b)

Moderate

c)

Severe

d)

No edema

31.

Edema test indicates what severity at 4mm indention

a)

Mild

b)

Moderate

c)

Severe

d)

Mod-Severe

32.

Edema test indicates what severity at 6mm indention

a)

Mod-severe

b)

Moderate

c)

Mild

d)

No edema

33.

Edema test indicates what severity at 8mm indention

a)

Severe

b)

Mod-severe

c)

Moderate

d)

Mild

34.

Sodium (Na+) Indications

a)

Extracellular

b)

Most abundent

c)

Least abundant

d)

Hold water in cells

35.

Sodium (Na+) S/S

Hyper/hyponatremia

a)

Muscle cramps

b)

Headaches and seizures

c)

N/V and agitation

36.

Classification of hyponatremia

Isotonic indicates

a)

Normal osmolality

b)

High osmolality

c)

Low osmolality

37.

Classification of hyponatremia

Hypotonic indicates

a)

High osmolality

b)

Low osmolality

c)

Normal osmolality

38.

Classification of hyponatremia

Hypertonic indicates

a)

High osmolality

b)

Low osmolality

c)

Normal osmolality

39.

Hyponatremia + Hypotonic

Fluctuating Na+

Increased TBW

a)

Euvolemic

b)

Hypervolemic

c)

Hypovolemic

40.

Hyponatremia + Hypotonic + Euvolemic

Risks

a)

SIADH

b)

Psychogenic

c)

Polydipsia

d)

Cirrhosis

41.

Hyponatremia + Hypotonic

Increased Na+ concentration

Higher concentration of TBW than Na+

a)

Euvolemic

b)

Hypervolemic

c)

Hypovolemic

42.

Hyponatremia + Hypotonic + Hypervolemic

Risks

a)

Heart failure

b)

SIADH

c)

Cirrhosis

d)

Renal loss

43.

Hyponatremia + Hypotonic

Major decrease in Na+

Decrease in TBW

a)

Hypovolemic

b)

Hypervolemic

c)

Euvolemic

44.

Hyponatremia + Hypotonic + Hypovolemic

risks

a)

Renal loss

b)

Cirrhosis

c)

Heart failure

d)

SIADH

45.

Hyponatremia + Hypertonic

a)

Hyperglycemia

b)

Heart failure

c)

Cirrhosis

d)

Renal loss

46.

Hyponatremia + Isotonic

a)

Hyperproteinemia

b)

HLD

c)

Hyperglycemia

d)

SIADH

47.

Hypernatremia

Decrease TBW

Decrease Na+

a)

Hypovolemic

b)

Hypervolemic

c)

Euvolemic

48.

Hypernatremia + Hypovolemic

Causes

a)

Severe diarrhea

b)

Sweating

c)

Hyperaldosteronism

49.

Hypernatremia

Fluctuation of Na+

Decrease in TBW

a)

Hypovolemic

b)

Hypervolemic

c)

Euvolemic

50.

Hypernatremia + Euvolemic

Causes

a)

Severe diarrhea

b)

Sweating

c)

Hyperaldosteronism

d)

Increased insensible water loss

51.

Hypernatremia

Increase TBW

Increase Na+

a)

Hypovolemic

b)

Hypervolemic

c)

Euvolemic

52.

Hypernatremia + Hypervolemic

causes

a)

Severe diarrhea

b)

Sweating

c)

Increased administration of Na+

d)

Hyperaldosteronism

53.

Hypernatremia is always hypertonic

a)

True

b)

False

54.

Potassium is the primary cation in the ________ space

a)

Extracellular

b)

Intracellular

55.

Na+ - K+ - ATPase pump is key in regulating K+ balance

It transports ___ out of the cell and ___ into the cell

3:2 ratio

a)

Na+ ; K+

b)

K+ ; Na+

c)

Na+ ; Na+

d)

K+ ; K+

56.

_______ is a cofactor in ATPase pump

a)

Magnesium

b)

Potassium

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Calcium

57.

__________ rely on potassium for muscle contraction and nerve conduction

a)

Cardiac muscles

b)

Liver functions

c)

Kidney tubules

d)

Pancreas functions

58.

When ______ levels are out of order, it is a slow process to correct it

a)

Potassium

b)

Sodium

c)

Calcium

d)

Magnesium

59.

Hypokalemia S/S

a)

Cardiac arrhythmias and skeletal muscle weakness

b)

Cramps and Paralysis

c)

Constipation and urinary retention

d)

Increased reflexes and muscle weakness

60.

Hypokalemia true vs apparent deficit

Apparent deficit is primarily a(n) ______________ while true deficit includes _________ and __________

a)

intracellular shift; decreased intake; increased output

b)

extracellular shift; increased intake; decreased output

61.

Hyperkalemia S/S

a)

Arrhythmias and weakness

b)

Cramping and paralysis

c)

Urine retention and bradycardia

62.

Hyperkalemia true vs apparent deficit

Apparent deficit includes _________ lab specimens; while a true deficit includes _____________.

a)

Hemolyzed; renal dsyfunction

b)

Non Hemolyzed; renal dysfunction

c)

Hemolyzed; decreased supplement intake

d)

Non Hemolyzed; increased aldosterone secretion

63.

Magnesium is primarily _________ and __% resides within the bone

a)

Intracellular; 60%

b)

Extracellular; 50%

c)

Intracellular; 50%

d)

Extracellular; 30%

64.

Hypomagnesemia S/S

a)

CNS effects and EKG changes

b)

Weakness

c)

Reflex increase

d)

Arrhythmias

65.

Hypomagnesemia causes

a)

Renal wasting

b)

Medication (loop diuretics)

c)

Refeeding syndrome

d)

GI loss

66.

Hypermagnesemia symptoms are rare

a)

True

b)

False

67.

______ is the most abundant extracellular anion

a)

Sodium

b)

Potassium

c)

Magnesium

d)

Chloride

68.

Chloride is primarily regulated by the ___

a)

Glomerulus

b)

PCT

c)

DCT

d)

Collecting duct

69.

Hyperchloremia indicates __________

a)

NaCl infusion

b)

Magnesium reabsorption

c)

Gastric fluid loss

d)

Vomiting

70.

Hypochloremia S/S

a)

Dehydration and vomiting

b)

Loss of gastric fluid

c)

NaCl infusion

d)

Magnesium reabsorption

71.

Bicarbonate is used to assess __________

a)
electrolyte levels
b)
lung capacity
c)

acid-base balance

d)
kidney function
72.

Bicarbonate increase leads to...

a)
Metabolic alkalosis
b)
Increased carbon dioxide levels
c)
Decreased blood pH
d)
Respiratory acidosis
73.

Bicarbonate decrease leads to...

a)
Metabolic acidosis
b)
Respiratory alkalosis
c)
Hyperventilation
d)
Metabolic alkalosis
74.

Most prevalent cation - 99% found in the teeth

a)
Potassium
b)
Sodium
c)
Calcium
d)
Magnesium
75.

Function of calcium

a)

Maintains cell integrity

b)

Regulates endocrine secretory activity

c)

Neuromuscular activity

d)

Bone metabolism

76.

Corrected Ca+ =

a)

Serum Ca + 1 (5-albumin)

b)

Serum Ca + 0.8 (4-albumin)

c)

Serum Ca - 0.8 (4+albumin)

77.

Hypocalcemia Acute S/S

a)

Tetany and Parathesia

b)

Muscle Cramps and Laryngeal spasms

c)

Depression and Anxiety

d)

Memory loss and Confusion

78.

Hypocalcemia Chronic S/S

a)

Depression and Anxiety

b)

Tetany and Paresthesia

c)

Memory loss and Confusion

d)

Muscle Cramps and Laryngeal spasms

79.

Fatigue, weakness, anorexia, depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, vague abdominal pain, constipation, renal symptoms, acute pancreatitis are S/S of..

a)

Hypocalcemia

b)

Hypercalcemia

c)

Hyponatremia

d)

Hypernatremia

80.

Hyperparathyroidism, Bone cancer, Toxic levels of Vitamin D and A, and thiazides are causes of

a)

Hypercalcemia

b)

Hypernatremia

c)

Hyperkalemia

d)

Hypokalemia

81.

Vitamin D deficiency, Hyperphosphatemia, bisphosphonates causes

a)

Hypocalcemia

b)

Hypercalcemia

c)

Hypokalemia

d)

Hyperkalemia

82.

Major intracellular anion mainly found in bones and soft tissue

a)

Phosphorus

b)

Sodium

c)

Calcium

d)

Potassium

83.

Intestinal absorption of phosphorus _______ in presence of aluminum and calcium

a)

Decrease

b)

Increase

84.

Confusion, Ataxia, Myalgia, Cardiac and respiratory failure are S/S of...

a)

Hypophosphatemia

b)

Hyperphosphatemia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyperkalemia

85.

Causes of _______ are intracellular shifting, increased renal excretion, decreased intake

a)

Hypophosphatemia

b)

Hyperohosphatemia

86.

N/V, Dehydration, Neuromuscular irritability, Red eye and pruritus are S/S of

a)

Hyperphosphatemia

b)

Hypophosphatemia

87.

Hemolyzed samples need to be _______. typically in false elevation results of _________ and __________

(a)  

88.

BUN:SCr ratio >__ % indicated dehydration

a)

20

b)

15

c)

25

d)

40