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The Physiology of Addiction

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Fill in the blank: ______ is a treatable chronic disease characterized by a compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance despite ongoing negative consequences.

a)

Addiction

b)

Influenza

c)

Arthritis

d)

Asthma

2.

Which organization classifies addiction as a mental disorder?

a)

World Health Organization (WHO)

b)

American Psychiatric Association (APA)

c)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

d)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

3.

Fill in the blank: ______ dependence is the adaptive state of brain and body processes that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal if the addictive behavior stops.

a)

Physiological

b)

Psychological

c)

Behavioral

d)

Emotional

4.

Fill in the blank: ______ dependence is the dependency of the mind on a substance or behavior, which can lead to psychological withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, or cravings.

a)

Psychological

b)

Physical

c)

Chemical

d)

Physiological

5.

Fill in the blank: __________ is the preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it.

a)

Compulsion

b)

Obsession

c)

Addiction

d)

Impulse

6.

Fill in the blank: __________ is the inability to predict reliably whether a particular instance of involvement with an addictive substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging.

a)

Loss of control

b)

Tolerance

c)

Withdrawal

d)

Dependence

7.

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to physical damage, legal trouble, financial ruin, academic failure, family dissolution, and other severe problems that do not occur with healthy involvement in any behavior.

a)

Negative consequences

b)

Positive reinforcement

c)

Healthy habits

d)

Personal growth

8.

Fill in the blank: __________ is the inability to perceive or accurately interpret the self-destructive effects of an addictive behavior.

a)

Denial

b)

Insight

c)

Empathy

d)

Awareness

9.

Fill in the blank: __________ is the failure to avoid drug use over a sustained period of time.

a)

Inability to abstain

b)

Physical fitness

c)

Nutritional deficiency

d)

Social interaction

10.

According to Figure 8.2 The Cycle of Psychological Addiction, what is the first stage in the cycle?

a)

Internal frustration

b)

External pressure

c)

Physical craving

d)

Withdrawal symptoms

11.

According to Figure 8.2 The Cycle of Psychological Addiction, which stage comes after 'Internal frustration'?

a)

Fantasizing about substance or behavior

b)

Seeking help from others

c)

Experiencing withdrawal symptoms

d)

Returning to normal activities

12.

According to Figure 8.2 The Cycle of Psychological Addiction, which stage involves 'Obsessing about substance or behavior'?

a)

The third stage

b)

The first stage

c)

The second stage

d)

The fourth stage

13.

According to Figure 8.2 The Cycle of Psychological Addiction, what happens after 'Substance use or compulsive behavior'?

a)

Loss of control

b)

Improved self-esteem

c)

Immediate recovery

d)

Increased motivation

14.

According to Figure 8.2 The Cycle of Psychological Addiction, which stage is characterized by 'Depression, shame, guilt over behavior'?

a)

The sixth stage

b)

The first stage

c)

The third stage

d)

The fourth stage

15.

According to Figure 8.2 The Cycle of Psychological Addiction, what is the final stage before the cycle repeats?

a)

Passage of time

b)

Initial use of substance

c)

Craving for substance

d)

Seeking help

16.

Fill in the blank: Addiction involves elements of ______, a repeated behavior in which the repetition may be unconscious.

a)

habit

b)

emotion

c)

logic

d)

talent

17.

A habit can be broken.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

Fill in the blank: Addiction involves repetition of a behavior that occurs with ______, and considerable discomfort occurs if the behavior is not performed.

a)

compulsion

b)

relaxation

c)

indifference

d)

satisfaction

19.

What are process addictions?

a)

Addictions to drug chemicals

b)

Behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood altering

c)

Addictions to food

d)

Addictions to sleep

20.

Fill in the blank: Gambling, compulsive buying, compulsive exercise, and compulsive Internet or technology use are all examples of _________

a)

process addictions

b)

nutritional deficiencies

c)

infectious diseases

d)

physical disabilities

21.

Drug chemicals are the only source of addiction. People cannot become addicted to behaviors.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a process addiction?

a)

Compulsive buying

b)

Compulsive exercise

c)

Compulsive Internet use

d)

Eating vegetables

23.

According to the passage, which of the following can be addictive?

a)

Cell phones

b)

Video games

c)

Networking sites

d)

The Internet

e)

All of the above

24.

Approximately what percent of college students report that Internet use and computer games have interfered with their academic performance?

a)

9 percent

b)

2 percent

c)

15 percent

d)

25 percent

25.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a symptom of technology and internet addiction in the passage?

a)

A) General disregard for one's health

b)

B) Sleep deprivation

c)

C) Increased physical activity

d)

D) Neglecting family and friends

26.

Symptoms of technology and internet addiction include general disregard for one's health, sleep deprivation, neglecting family and friends, lack of physical activity, euphoria when online, lower grades in school, and poor job performance.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

More than ___ percent of Americans have access to the Internet and use it daily.

a)

85

b)

60

c)

40

d)

25

28.

What percentage of people over the age of 65 report using the Internet?

a)

50%

b)

75%

c)

85%

d)

99%

29.

___ percent of 18-to 29-year-olds say they are almost constantly online.

a)

36

b)

22

c)

48

d)

60

30.

What percentage of U.S. adults use some form of social media?

a)

36%

b)

73%

c)

84%

d)

99%

31.

An estimated one in ___ Internet users may have Internet addiction.

a)

eight

b)

ten

c)

twenty

d)

five

32.

More than how many people meet the criteria for having a gambling addiction?

a)

One million

b)

Three million

c)

Five million

d)

Ten million

33.

What is the current term used by the APA for what was previously called pathological gambling?

a)

Gambling disorder

b)

Impulse control disorder

c)

Compulsive betting syndrome

d)

Addictive wagering disorder

34.

Gambling disorder is recognized as a mental disorder by the APA.

a)

True

b)

False

35.

There is strong evidence for a ________ component in gambling disorder.

a)

biological

b)

cultural

c)

economic

d)

spiritual

36.

What percentage of college students report gambling in the last year?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

37.

What is compulsive buying disorder?

a)

A disorder where people avoid shopping

b)

A disorder where people shop excessively to feel better about themselves

c)

A disorder where people never spend money

d)

A disorder related to eating habits

38.

Which of the following is a symptom of compulsive buying disorder?

a)

Preoccupation with shopping and spending

b)

Avoiding shopping malls

c)

Saving all your money

d)

Refusing to buy gifts

39.

Fill in the blank: Buying more than one of the same item is a _______ of compulsive buying disorder.

a)

symptom

b)

cure

c)

hobby

d)

treatment

40.

Shopping for longer periods than intended is a symptom of compulsive buying disorder.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of compulsive buying disorder?

a)

Repeatedly buying more than is needed or can be afforded

b)

Buying to the point that it interferes with social activities or work

c)

Only shopping for groceries

d)

Preoccupation with shopping and spending

42.

Fill in the blank: Compulsive buying disorder can interfere with _______ or work.

a)

social activities

b)

eating habits

c)

physical exercise

d)

sleep patterns

43.

Compulsive sexual behavior is classified by the World Health Organization as what type of disorder?

a)

Impulse control disorder

b)

Mood disorder

c)

Personality disorder

d)

Anxiety disorder

44.

Compulsive sexual behavior is technically classified as an addiction by the World Health Organization.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

Which of the following may be involved in compulsive sexual behavior?

a)

A) A normally enjoyable sexual experience that becomes an obsession

b)

B) Fantasies or activities outside the bounds of culturally, legally, or morally acceptable sexual behavior

c)

C) Both A and B

46.

What is exercise addiction?

a)

Compulsively using exercise to regulate and cope with emotions and continuing excessive exercise despite experiencing negative consequences.

b)

Exercising only for fun and relaxation.

c)

Exercising occasionally with friends.

d)

Avoiding exercise completely.

47.

Which of the following is a warning sign of exercise addiction?

a)

Working out with friends occasionally

b)

Exercising for more than two hours daily

c)

Exercising only on weekends

d)

Taking breaks when sick or injured

48.

Fill in the blank: Warning signs of exercise addiction include working out alone, rigid exercise patterns, exercising for more than _______ hours daily, and exercising when sick or injured.

a)

two

b)

four

c)

one

d)

five

49.

Look at the images of brain activity. Which brain shows higher metabolic activity?

a)

Healthy Brain Activity

b)

Drug User Brain Activity

50.

According to Nora D. Volkow, M.D., drug addiction is a brain disease that can be treated.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Fill in the blank: 'Drug addiction is a brain ______ that can be treated.'

a)

disease

b)

habit

c)

activity

d)

emotion

52.

Fill in the blank: ______ are substances other than food that are intended to affect the structure or function of the mind or body through chemical action.

a)

Drugs

b)

Vitamins

c)

Minerals

d)

Proteins

53.

Scientists divide drugs into how many categories?

a)

Four

b)

Five

c)

Six

d)

Seven

54.

Which of the following is NOT a category of drugs according to scientists?

a)

Prescription

b)

Over-the-counter (OTC)

c)

Recreational

d)

Nutritional supplements

55.

Legal substances such as alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco are considered drugs.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

Fill in the blank: The brain is wired to repeat ________ experiences.

a)

pleasurable

b)

painful

c)

boring

d)

confusing

57.

Fill in the blank: Life-sustaining activities activate a 'pleasure circuit' of ________ cells.

a)

nerve

b)

muscle

c)

skin

d)

blood

58.

What neurotransmitter is used by one nerve cell set in the brain's pleasure circuit?

a)

Serotonin

b)

Dopamine

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

GABA

59.

Fill in the blank: The 'pleasure circuit' is known as the ________ dopamine system.

a)

mesolimbic

b)

nigrostriatal

c)

tuberoinfundibular

d)

mesocortical

60.

True or False: All addictive drugs activate the brain's pleasure circuit.

a)

True

b)

False

61.

What are psychoactive drugs?

a)

Psychoactive drugs affect chemical neurotransmission, either enhancing it, suppressing it, or interfering with it.

b)

Psychoactive drugs are only used to treat physical injuries.

c)

Psychoactive drugs have no effect on the brain or nervous system.

d)

Psychoactive drugs are vitamins that improve physical strength.

62.

What is the primary effect of cocaine on dopamine transporters in the brain?

a)

It increases dopamine reuptake

b)

It blocks dopamine transporters

c)

It destroys dopamine receptors

d)

It decreases dopamine release

63.

The reward center in the brain is associated with which neurotransmitter shown in the diagram?

a)

Dopamine

b)

Serotonin

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

GABA

64.

Refer to the diagram titled 'Figure 8.4 The Action of Cocaine at Dopamine Receptors in the Brain.' When the dopamine reuptake transporter is functioning normally, what happens to dopamine in the synapse?

a)

Dopamine is reabsorbed by the transmitting neuron

b)

Dopamine is blocked from entering the synapse

c)

Dopamine is destroyed immediately

d)

Dopamine remains in the synapse indefinitely

65.

Proteins on the receiving neuron that bind dopamine

a)

Dopamine receptors

b)

Synapse

c)

Dopamine transporter

66.

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, what percentage of past year initiates among those who have never used illicit drugs are in the 16-17 age group?

a)

2.9%

b)

8.0%

c)

11.2%

d)

4.5%

67.

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, fill in the blank: The percentage of past year initiates among those who have never used illicit drugs in the 21-25 age group is _____

a)

4.5%

b)

1.2%

c)

7.8%

d)

10.3%

68.

Which age group has the lowest percentage of past year initiates among those who have never used illicit drugs according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health?

a)

12-13

b)

18-20

c)

26 or Older

d)

14-15

69.

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, what is the percentage of past year initiates among those who have never used illicit drugs in the 14-15 age group?

a)

8.0%

b)

2.5%

c)

15.3%

d)

20.1%

70.

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which age group has the highest percentage of past year initiates among those who have never used illicit drugs?

a)

12-13

b)

16-17

c)

18-20

d)

21-25

71.

Fill in the blank: The intake of drugs through the mouth is called ________.

a)

oral ingestion

b)

inhalation

c)

injection

d)

topical application

72.

Fill in the blank: The administration of drugs through the respiratory tract is called ________.

a)

inhalation

b)

injection

c)

oral administration

d)

topical application

73.

Which of the following is NOT a type of injection (via hypodermic needle)?

a)

Intravenous

b)

Intramuscular

c)

Subcutaneous

d)

Oral ingestion

74.

Fill in the blank: The administration of drugs through the skin is called ________.

a)

transdermal

b)

intravenous

c)

oral

d)

sublingual

75.

Fill in the blank: The administration of drugs through the vagina or anus is called ________.

a)

suppositories

b)

inhalers

c)

tablets

d)

injections

76.

Intake of drugs through the mouth

a)

Oral ingestion

b)

Inhalation

c)

Transdermal

d)

Suppositories

77.

Fill in the blank: ________ drugs are obtained only with a prescription from a licensed physician.

a)

Prescription

b)

Over-the-counter

c)

Herbal

d)

Illegal

78.

Fill in the blank: ________ drugs do not require a prescription and there are more than 100,000 available.

a)

Over-the-counter (OTC)

b)

Prescription-only

c)

Controlled substance

d)

Experimental

79.

Fill in the blank: ________ drugs are used to 'recreate,' relax, or socialize, and most are legal substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and coffee.

a)

Recreational

b)

Prescription

c)

Antibiotic

d)

Performance-enhancing

80.

Fill in the blank: ________ are products of plant origin, including teas.

a)

Herbal preparations

b)

Mineral supplements

c)

Synthetic drugs

d)

Animal extracts

81.

Fill in the blank: ________ drugs are generally recognized as harmful and all are psychoactive.

a)

Illicit (illegal)

b)

Prescription

c)

Over-the-counter

d)

Herbal

82.

Fill in the blank: ________ drugs are found in commercially sold products such as household cleaners and pesticides.

a)

Commercial

b)

Prescription

c)

Recreational

d)

Herbal

83.

The gap between neurons where neurotrans

a)

synapse

b)

dopamine receptors

c)

dopamine transporter

84.

proteins that reabsorb dopamine into the transmitting neuron?

a)

synapse

b)

dopamine receptors

c)

dopamine transporter

85.

intake of drugs througth the respiratory tract

a)

oral ingestion

b)

inhalation

c)

transdermal

d)

suppositories

86.

intake of drugs through the vagina or anus

a)

inhalation

b)

transdermal

c)

suppositories

d)

oral ingestion

87.

intake of drugs througth the skin

a)

transdermal

b)

suppositories

c)

inhalation

d)

oral ingestion