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WorksheetsSection 4.2.6. Gas-Solid Separation (Gas Cleaning) PART 1
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
The primary purpose of gas-solid separation in process industries is:
Increase gas density
Remove dust and contaminants from gas streams
Reduce pressure drop
Control temperature of gases
Which gas-cleaning equipment works best for large particles (>50 μm)?
Electrostatic precipitator
Gravity settling chamber
Bag filter
Venturi scrubber
Settling chambers are limited in use because:
They cause high pressure drops
They can only handle coarse dust
They cannot operate at high temperatures
They require electrostatic fields
The separation efficiency of settling chambers depends primarily on:
Particle velocity relative to gas velocity
Bag length
Pressure gradient
Electrical field strength
Which design modification improves the efficiency of settling chambers?
Adding horizontal plates or vertical baffles
Using very high gas velocities
Increasing pressure drop
Using electrostatic wires
Impingement separators rely on:
Particle inertia to strike baffles
Electrostatic charging
Molecular diffusion
Coalescence
Typical particle size removal capability of impingement separators is:
>100 μm
1–2 mm
<0.1 μm
10–20 μm
Compared to settling chambers, impingement separators have:
Lower efficiency
Higher pressure drop
Greater simplicity
Better performance at >50 μm only
Cyclones are the principal gas-solid separators because:
They combine simple construction with moderate efficiency
They use electrostatic charging
They separate gases by diffusion
They require no dust removal
Cyclones are generally suitable for particles:
<0.1 μm
>500 μm
0.5–5 μm
>5 μm
The most common cyclone design used in industries is:
Straight-through cyclone
Reverse-flow cyclone
Horizontal cyclone
Tangential-only cyclone
In a reverse-flow cyclone, solids are collected:
In the central vertical pipe
At the bottom after sliding down the wall
At the gas exit
At the tangential entry
Which factor increases cyclone collection efficiency?
Lower gas velocity
Higher centrifugal force
Shorter residence time
Larger cyclone diameter
Cyclones can handle:
High temperatures and pressures
Only low-pressure systems
Only low-temperature gases
Corrosive-free streams
Which limitation applies to cyclones?
Cannot separate coarse particles
Struggle with very fine particles <0.5 μm
Require electricity
Only work in batch mode
Bag filters remove particles by:
Electrostatic charging
Impingement and precoating of the filter medium
Settling under gravity
Centrifugal force
Typical efficiency of bag filters is high down to particle size:
100 μm
1 μm
50 μm
0.01 μm
Which material is commonly used for bag filter media?
Glass-fiber mats
Steel mesh
Activated carbon
Wooden frames
Bag filters are cleaned by:
Heating
Vibrating or reverse gas flow
Solvent washing
Centrifugation
Air filters differ from process filters mainly because:
They require lower dust collection (<10 mg/m³)
They recover solids
They work only at high pressure
They do not need replacement
Which type of air filter uses mineral oil to retain dust?
Dry filter
Viscous filter
Continuous filter
Reverse-flow filter
The main limitation of viscous and dry air filters is:
Cannot be replaced
Require periodic cleaning or replacement
Cannot be scaled up
High pressure drop
Wet scrubbers remove particles mainly by:
Centrifugal force
Countercurrent washing with liquid droplets
Electrostatic attraction
Adsorption
Wet scrubbers are especially advantageous because they can also:
Neutralize corrosive gases
Recover solvents
Replace electrostatic precipitators
Remove only coarse particles
Which particle size range can wet scrubbers remove effectively?
<0.1 μm
0.5 μm and above
>100 μm only
>50 μm
Venturi scrubbers increase efficiency by:
Adding plates
Using turbulence to atomize liquid droplets
Settling chambers
Vibrating filters
A cyclone is often combined with a scrubber to:
Neutralize gases and remove agglomerated droplets
Reduce liquid flow
Lower centrifugal force
Eliminate pressure drop
Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are most effective for:
Very fine particles
Solvent vapors
Corrosive droplets
Main limitation of ESPs is:
High cost of capital and operation
Poor efficiency
Cannot handle hot gases
No industrial application
Which industry is a major user of electrostatic precipitators?
Textile
Power generation
Pharmaceutical
Food packaging
The principle of ESP operation is:
Centrifugal force separation
Charging particles using high-voltage electrodes
Diffusion
Filtration
In ESPs, high-voltage electrodes are usually:
Wires
Plates
Tubes
Meshes
Collected dust in ESPs is removed by:
Heating
Vibrating or washing electrodes
Cyclone action
Reverse gas flow
Which factor increases ESP efficiency?
High voltage field strength
Low turbulence
High particle density
Low residence time
The primary application of ESPs in power stations is:
Neutralizing corrosive gases
Removal of fine fly ash from coal combustion
Cooling exhaust gases
Increasing gas velocity
Among gas-solid separators, which has the lowest pressure drop?
Gravity settlers
Bag filters
Venturi scrubbers
ESPs
Which method is best suited for handling toxic and corrosive gases with dust?
Wet scrubbers
Bag filters
Settling chambers
Cyclones
Which method would you use to clean air in pharmaceutical cleanrooms?
Air filters
Cyclones
ESPs
Settling chambers
Which separator type is least suitable for removing submicron particles?
ESP
Bag filter
Settling chamber
Wet scrubber
If fly ash particles of ~1 μm must be removed at high efficiency, the best option is:
Cyclone
ESP
Settling chamber
Impingement separator
Which separation method simultaneously cools gases and removes dust?
Scrubber
ESP
Cyclone
Settling chamber
For separation of catalyst attrition dusts (~20 μm), which device is most appropriate?
Settling chamber
Impingement separator
Bag filter
ESP
In designing settling chambers, the required chamber length is estimated using:
Stokes’ law for settling velocity
Reynolds equation
Fanning equation
Antoine’s equation
For maximum cyclone efficiency, the gas should enter:
Radially
Tangentially
Perpendicularly
Axially upward
Bag filters can achieve efficiencies greater than:
50%
80%
99%
70%
Which scrubber type uses turbulence from an orifice for dust capture?
Spray tower
Venturi scrubber
Packed column
Plate tower
The best device for separating coarse fly ash from flue gas is:
Settling chamber
Cyclone
ESP
Bag filter
In ESPs, the grounded electrode is usually designed as:
Plates or tubes
Wires
Fibers
Coated mesh
If the main design priority is low capital cost with moderate dust removal (>10 μm), the equipment of choice is:
Cyclone
ESP
Bag filter
Venturi scrubber
Which separation method is most effective when submicron particles and high efficiency are required despite high costs?
Electrostatic precipitator
Bag filter
Cyclone
Settling chamber
A chemical plant needs to remove dust particles of around 15 μm from hot flue gas. The gas is corrosive. Which gas-cleaning method is most suitable?
Cyclone
Electrostatic precipitator
Settling chamber
Bag filter
A plant has a large volume of low-dust air to clean for a packaging process. Minimal pressure drop is required. The best choice is:
Bag filter
Air filter
Wet scrubber
Cyclone
A gas stream contains coarse catalyst dust (~100 μm). The cheapest, simplest equipment with minimal maintenance is:
Settling chamber
Cyclone
ESP
Wet scrubber
Which of the following is a key advantage of wet scrubbers over dry filtration?
Can remove submicron particles efficiently
Can simultaneously cool and neutralize gases
Has very low capital cost
Requires no liquid supply
A refinery wants to remove water droplets from a hydrocarbon stream. The droplets are finely dispersed, difficult to coalesce. Which equipment is most likely used?
Cyclone
Electrostatic coalescer
Settling chamber
Bag filter
