Creates a chemical bond

(a)  

Produces no distinct boundaries between the metal, the oxide layer and porcelain; there is gradual

blend of the three phases.

(a)  

less than 0.5mm thick

(a)  

Casting of metal substructure or coping

(a)  

removes impurities from the alloy and forms oxide

layer.

(a)  

firing of porcelain paste on metal by heating porcelain

in an oven.

(a)  

Bonding of Porcelain

(a)  

Opaque – hides metallic color

 Gingival – placed one-half of the crown, this mimics dentin of the tooth

 Glaze – final porcelain layer, provides polished surface

 Characterization – add surface stains/ crack

(a)  

– hides metallic color

(a)  

placed one-half of the crown, this mimics dentin of the tooth

(a)  

final porcelain layer, provides polished surface

(a)  

add surface stains/ crack

(a)  

Good to excellent esthetics.

(a)  

Excellent fit of the metal framework

(a)  

Reliable solder joints on bridges

(a)  

More favorable cost-benefit ratio (durabililty)

(a)  

Well-known technology, easy to apply

(a)  

It has the strength of cast metal crowns with the esthetics of the all ceramic crowns.

(a)  

Potential metal allergy

(a)  

Unesthetic metal margin due to metal margin exposure

(a)  

Potential for periodontal diseases. (to achieve better esthetics, the facial margin of an anterior
restoration is often placed subgingivally which increases the risk for periodontal problems)

(a)  

Difficulty of accurate shade selection.

(a)  

Their preparation requires more tooth reduction to provide sufficient space for the restorative materials.

(a)  

Problems with translucency

(a)  

Chipping of ceramic margins.

(a)  

Wear of the antagonist.

(a)  

High cost compared to plastic restorations.

(a)  

This restoration does not use any metal substructure, instead they use

(a)  

Aluminous or Magnesia based porcelains

(a)  

Castable Porcelain

(a)  

Glass-infiltrated aluminous porcelain

(a)  

after casting in oven, the process is known as ceramming.

(a)  

Crystallized after casting in oven, the process is known as

(a)  

Biocompatibility

Superior esthetic (no metal display)

(a)  

Good bonding (cohesion) between the ceramic coping and porcelain veneer.

(a)  

Resist the degradation in oral fluids.

(a)  

Increased translucency provides improved esthetics when the adjacent teeth or restorations are
quite translucent.

(a)  

The tooth-shaded margin, which need not be placed under the gum line will not irritate the gums and
prevents gum recession.


(a)  

Better strength than other restorations because in these crowns, porcelain is engineered with high
strength compounds like zirconia ceramics.

(a)  

Low thermal conductivity.
- Many patients with PFM experience sensitivity that can be painful, especially with extreme
temperature changes when eating or drinking something cold or hot. With metal-free crown,
these pains are reduced drastically, or are non-existent.


(a)  

A layer of material placed over a tooth, either to improve the aesthetics of a tooth or to protect the

tooth’s surface from damage.

(a)  

There are two main types of material used to fabricate a veneer:

(a)  

is usually an indirect restoration (filling) consisting of a solid substance (as gold, porcelain or

less often a cured composite resin) fitted to a cavity in a tooth and cemented into place.

(a)  

is usually an indirect restoration (a)   consisting of a solid substance (as gold, porcelain or

less often a cured composite resin) fitted to a cavity in a tooth and cemented into place.

is the same as an inlay, except that it incorporates a replacement for a tooth cusp by

covering the area where the missing cusp would be

(a)  

is the same as an inlay, except that it incorporates a (a)   by

covering the area where the missing cusp would be

cover all surfaces of the anatomical tooth crown

(a)  

Variety of shade and mold is available

Do not bond with acrylic resin base

(a)  

Retained to denture base mechanically.

(a)  

Transmits more occlusal force to residual bone and produce faster resorption.

(a)  

This removes impurities from the alloy and forms oxide layer.

(a)  

True or false

• Aluminous material is used to attain specific shade.

True or false

• Composite and dental alloy are two main types of material used to fabricate a veneer.

T or f All ceramic restoration uses core porcelain.

(a)  

True or false

• All porcelains are ceramics, but not all ceramic as porcelains.

True or false

• Veneers are layers of material place over a tooth to improve the aesthetics of a tooth.

True or false

• Metal-Ceramic restorations are also known as porcelain-fused to metal.

True or false

• Crystallized after casting in an oven the process is known as sintering.

True or false

• Onlay is usually an indirect restoration consisting of a solid substance fitted to a cavity in a tooth

  and cemented into place.

True or false

• . Shade guide is useful for selection of porcelain color

True or false

• The color of porcelain is important for matching the tooth structure.