Fill in the blank: A _______ is a hardened remains or imprint of living thing that existed long ago.

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a nomadic person who survived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants.

Fill in the blank: _______ are tools and skills that people use to meet their needs and wants.

The discoveries made by Mary and Louis Leakey and Donald Johanson in Africa are significant because they:

How did early humans make tools during the Paleolithic Era?

During the Paleolithic Era, people learned how to use _____

Fire made it possible for hunter-gatherers to survive in cold places.

Which of the following was NOT a benefit of learning to use fire during the Paleolithic Era?

How many adults typically lived in a band of hunter-gatherers?

Where did hunter-gatherers live?

What did hunter-gatherers collect for food?

Read the passage and answer: Hunter-gatherers may have picked herbs for ________.

Hunter-gatherers hunted large animals and caught small land animals or fish.

According to the passage, as modern humans migrated to new places, which of the following occurred?

What is the term for the king of ancient Egypt?

What is the term for a ruling family in ancient Egypt?

What is the system of many government officials who carry out government rules and regulations called?

What is the term for a body that has been preserved so that it will not decompose?

What is the symbol that stands for a word, idea, or sound called in ancient Egypt?

What is the payment from conquerer peoples or to a more powerful country called?

WHAT KIND OF TAXES DID THE PHARAOH COLLECTED?

According to the passage, who led Egyptian society?

Why did Egyptians believe the pharaoh deserved loyalty?

Fill in the blank: Most of the people of ancient Egypt were _______.

Who helped the pharaoh govern Egypt according to the passage?

Slaves in ancient Egypt were at the top of society.

What did most farmers believe would happen if they helped the god-king?

According to the passage, what did Egyptians believe their gods controlled?

Egyptians believed their gods could only be kind.

What did Egyptians do to please their gods, according to the passage?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something Egyptians did to please their gods?

Why did people obey the pharaoh and his officials?

Priests were powerful in ancient Egypt because Egyptians thought priests could help a person gain favor with the _____?

Egyptians believed priests could help a person gain favor with the gods.

According to the passage, who did Egyptians believe decided who would have an afterlife?

According to the passage, what happened to those who had lived good lives?

Fill in the blank: Egyptians believed that Osiris, god of the dead, decided who would have an _________

Preserving the Dead: Why did ancient Egyptians believe their spirit needed to recognize their preserved body?

Preserving the Dead: Where were poor people buried according to the passage?

Preserving the Dead: Wealthy Egyptians had their bodies made into ________.

Preserving the Dead: What was removed from the body before it was dried and wrapped in linen?

Ancient Egyptians developed early forms of writing by 3200 BCE using hieroglyphics. What material did Egyptian scribes use to write on?

Who were valued for their knowledge of writing?

The word 'paper' comes from the word _______.

Many documents written on papyrus have survived to the present.

The Egyptians created temples for their gods and tombs for their pharaohs. What did the burial chamber contain?

Who designed a new kind of tomb for his pharaoh in the 2600s BCE?

Fill in the blank: The step pyramid designed by Imhotep had ____ stone mounds, one on top of the other.

Scholars now think that hired, free workers built the pyramids, not slaves.

What did later architects do to the sides of the step pyramid to create a true pyramid?

Which achievement proves the ancient Egyptians' command of arithmetic and geometry?

What system did the ancient Egyptians develop to bring water from the Nile River to their fields?

The ancient Egyptians used astronomy to help plan growing seasons and to develop a calendar similar to the one we use today.

Work with mummies taught ancient Egyptians much about human anatomy, or the structure of the body and its organs.

Egyptian doctors studied diseases and developed effective medicines to treat or cure them.

Through trade, the Egyptians came into contact with Kush, a land up the Nile to the south. Kush was rich in resources, including gold. What resource was Kush especially known for?

What is tribute?

Who was the Kushite king that conquered the rest of Egypt and declared himself pharaoh of a united Egypt and Kush?

According to the passage, what happened when Egypt weakened and the New Kingdom ended?

Why did Egypt conquer Kush during the Middle and New Kingdoms?

What happened to the capital of Kush in 591 BCE?

Kush remained an advanced civilization for almost a thousand years after it lost Egypt. During this time, it developed its own system of writing, economy, and government. The Kushites moved their capital south to the city of ________, which was on a trade route from Central Africa and was easier to defend.

Kush remained an advanced civilization for almost a thousand years after it lost Egypt. During this time, it developed its own system of writing, economy, and government. Meroë became Africa’s first ironworking center.

Kush remained an advanced civilization for almost a thousand years after it lost Egypt. During this time, it developed its own system of writing, economy, and government. Kush’s iron tools and weapons were much stronger than Egypt’s softer bronze tools.

Kush remained an advanced civilization for almost a thousand years after it lost Egypt. During this time, it developed its own system of writing, economy, and government. The Kushites also created the ________ script, one of the world’s first alphabets.

Kush remained an advanced civilization for almost a thousand years after it lost Egypt. During this time, it developed its own system of writing, economy, and government. Scholars still don’t understand the words of the Meroitic language.

Kush played an important role in which continent according to the passage?

According to the passage, Kushites traded iron goods, cloth, gold, and slaves with other African peoples in return for ______ elephant tusks and ebony wood.

The kingdom of Kush may have controlled an area larger than the Egyptian empire.

With which ancient civilizations did the Kushites also trade, according to the passage?

Select the two items that Kushites traded with other African peoples according to the passage.

What is the term for a grand stone pillar used to mark graves?

What do you call a man who dedicates himself to worshipping God?

What word is used to describe Swahili city-states and their multistories stone houses?

Sumerian society gave the world its first system of writing. What did Sumerians draw on clay to represent objects?

Sumerian society gave the world its first system of writing. By 3400 BCE, these pictographs had developed into a new writing system called _________?

Cuneiform is a system of writing using wedge-shaped marks pressed into clay tablets to stand for ideas or sounds.

Cuneiform was originally used to record which of the following?

Around 2000 BCE, the long poem known as the Epic of Gilgamesh appeared. It is the earliest known _________?

Sumerian Government: Who were the first leaders of Sumerian city-states?

In times of war, who helped choose a man to lead the city-state into battle?

Sumerian Government: True or False: After the war was over, the leader chosen to lead the city-state was expected to keep his power.

Who became the first kings of Sumerian city-states?

What was the name of the world's first civilization that began to form in Mesopotamia?

What was one challenge Sumerian farmers faced during the summer?

What did Sumerians use to make Mesopotamia into productive farmland?

How did Sumerians supply water to their crops?

What new farming tool did Sumerians invent to make planting easier?

Read the passage: Better agricultural techniques helped the Sumerians produce more food. With a dependable food supply, the populations of villages began to grow. Soon, farmers grew more food than they needed. Religious and political leaders began to demand a share of that food in the form of taxes. For the first time, some people could specialize in crafts other than farming, as farmers and leaders paid craftspeople, such as tool makers, with food. Around 3400 BCE, cities started to form in southern Mesopotamia.