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WorksheetsFoot and Ankle Anatomy and Assessment Preparation: Title Page
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which muscle label is shown on the plantar surface in the foot diagram?
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus brevis
Abductor hallucis
Extensor digitorum longus
Functional activities of the foot, as listed, involve dynamic movement and weight-bearing. Which of the following is given as an example of a functional activity?
Static stretching
Isolated ankle inversion with a band
Hopping
Holding a balance pose without moving
Match each subsystem of the foot core system with its description.
Passive subsystem
Ligaments, joint capsules, plantar fascia, bone structure
Active subsystem
Muscles that create movement
Neural subsystem
Sensory receptors for balance and coordination
Fill in the blank: The slide states that three subsystems work together for _______
foot stability
hand movement
knee extension
spinal alignment
A coach asks which activity from the list would be least functional for training foot performance. Using the slide's categories, which should you choose?
Carioca drill
Jogging
Cutting
Static stretches
According to the diagram and bullet points, how many tarsal bones form the rear and midfoot?
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Which bones are listed as articulating with the navicular in the slide?
Talus
Metatarsals
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Phalanges
Match each colored label in the tarsal bone diagram to its named bone.
Purple
Calcaneus
Yellow
Talus
Teal
Navicular
Green
Cuboid
Red
Cuneiforms
Which statement best describes the action permitted at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, based on the diagram and notes?
Rotation similar to the wrist
Hinge action of the toes, similar to finger movement at knuckles
Ball-and-socket motion for multidirectional movement
No movement occurs at these joints
The MTP joints are essential during walking and running because they:
provide hinge action for toe dorsiflexion during push-off, efficiently directing force forward
allow rotation of the toes for balance during gait
absorb shock by flexing in multiple directions
stabilize the ankle during heel strike
Which structure reduces pressure during weight-bearing according to the slide?
Sesamoid bones
Plantar fascia
Talus
Lateral longitudinal arch
During locomotion, the _______ provides the main support, as stated in the weight-bearing structures list.
First metatarsal joint
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular bone
Which statement best describes the role of the medial longitudinal arch from the content shown?
It initiates dorsiflexion
It distributes body weight
It stabilizes the talus during plantarflexion
It connects the calcaneus to the tibia
Based on the talocrural joint stability content, which ankle position is most stable?
Neutral
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Select ALL statements supported by the talocrural joint stability slide.
Talus is broader anteriorly, fitting tightly in the ankle mortise
Average dorsiflexion range is 10 degrees
Plantarflexion relies more on ligaments for stability
Dorsiflexion decreases stability of the ankle
What tissue described in the plantar fascia support system runs from the calcaneus to the metatarsal heads?
Achilles tendon
Plantar fascia
Deltoid ligament
Peroneal tendons
Explain why the plantar fascia is critical during impact activities, using the specific role stated in the slide.
It is critical for shock absorption, supporting the foot against downward forces and helping maintain arch structure.
It helps the toes grip the ground during running.
It increases flexibility in the ankle joint.
It prevents blisters from forming on the sole of the foot.
Which movements are allowed at the subtalar joint according to the diagram and notes?
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Eversion
Pronation/Supination
The subtalar joint does NOT allow _______.
dorsiflexion or plantarflexion
inversion
eversion
circumduction
In the gait cycle diagram, which subphase range is labeled as Mid Stance?
0–10%
10–30%
30–50%
50–60%
Match each named foot joint classification to its described components.
Midtarsal joint (Chopart's)
calcaneocuboid + talonavicular
Lisfranc joint
tarsometatarsal articulations
Interosseous ligaments
connect metatarsal shafts
During running, the stance phase occupies what proportion of the gait cycle, as stated on the slide?
One half
One third
Two thirds
Varies unpredictably
Which subtalar movement is most critical for adapting to uneven surfaces and helps you walk on a slope, based on the slide's Compass Points prompt?
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Inversion/Eversion
Toe flexion
Which statement best describes the effect of excessive pronation on foot stability?
It creates an unstable, loose foot
It forms a rigid lever for propulsion
It increases arch stiffness
It improves ligament integrity
Prolonged pronation prevents _______ formation during gait, reducing efficient push-off.
rigid lever
flexible arch
soft tissue
mobile base
During history taking for a foot assessment, which topic should be asked about directly?
Dorsalis pedal pulse strength
Mechanism of injury and pain location
Ligament integrity tests
Subtalar neutral position
Select ALL items that belong in the foot assessment history section, not clinical testing or palpation.
Previous occurrences
Muscle weakness
Dorsalis pedal pulse
Clinical tests
In observation and palpation, what CAN palpation reveal according to the content?
Ligament integrity
Subtalar neutral position
Swelling, pain, and deformities
Color changes only
A patient presents with knee pain and reports excessive pronation. Which reasoning best connects the foot issue to proximal joint pain?
Excessive pronation creates instability in the foot, alters alignment and gait, and increases stress on the knee or hip.
Excessive pronation strengthens the foot muscles, reducing stress on the knee or hip.
Excessive pronation improves rigid lever formation, protecting the knee and hip from pain.
Excessive pronation has no effect on the mechanics of the knee or hip.
According to the slide, calcaneal fractures most commonly occur due to _______.
falls or high jumps
running on uneven surfaces
direct blows to the heel
twisting injuries
Which mechanism is specifically linked to talar fractures in the tarsal region?
Direct blow to the heel
Severe inversion with dorsiflexion
Overuse from repetitive running
Eversion sprain without dorsiflexion
Sever's disease primarily affects which location and population?
Anterior heel in adults
Posterior heel in adolescents
Midfoot in adolescents
Lateral heel in children under 5
Metatarsalgia is best described as causing pain in which specific region of the foot?
Heel
Arch
Ball of the foot
Lateral border
Based on the slide, which metatarsal is the most common site for stress fractures?
First metatarsal
Second metatarsal
Third metatarsal
Fifth metatarsal
Turf toe results from which movement of the great toe?
Hyperflexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
The slide notes that a Jones fracture is characterized by a high ______ rate.
non-union
healing
infection
fusion
Which statement correctly matches the deformity with its described feature on the slide?
Pes planus
Navicular bulging and forefoot valgus
Hallux valgus
Bunion at first MTP joint
Hallux rigidus
Bony spurs limiting toe movement
Using the provided details, explain how hallux rigidus could impair an athlete’s performance in activities requiring explosive push-off. Include the slide’s specific feature of the condition in your reasoning.
Hallux rigidus involves bony spurs that limit toe movement, reducing effective push-off and propulsion during sprinting or jumping.
Hallux rigidus causes increased flexibility in the great toe, improving push-off during athletic activities.
Hallux rigidus leads to swelling in the ankle, which enhances sprinting performance.
Hallux rigidus results in stronger foot muscles, increasing explosive power during jumping.
According to the diagram, which treatment modality is described as effective for repair/remodeling tissue phases?
Ultrasound
Cross-friction massage
Night splints
Joint mobilization techniques
Fill in the blank: __________ helps plantar fasciitis, as stated under Treatment Modalities and Techniques.
Cross-friction massage
Ultrasound therapy
Cryotherapy
Electrical stimulation
Which treatment is specifically noted to maintain static stretch positions, and what is its primary purpose as listed?
Night splints; they maintain static stretch positions.
Physical therapy; it increases muscle strength.
Heat packs; they reduce inflammation.
Massage therapy; it improves circulation.
The special test used to identify Morton's neuroma is the:
Tinel's sign at the ankle
Metatarsal squeeze test
Thompson test
Anterior drawer test
Select ALL statements that directly match the diagram content under Special Tests and Diagnosis.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome has multiple contributing factors
Subungual hematoma results from direct trauma
Special tests are unnecessary for accurate diagnosis
Morton's neuroma causes severe pain and numbness
According to the Foot Shape Metrics shown, which metric specifically measures the height of the arch?
Length
Arch Height
Ball Girth
Ecliptic Girth
Match each foot posture term with its visual depiction label provided in the review: Pronation, Neutral, Supination.
Image labeled "Pronation" (red foot)
Pronation
Image labeled "Neutral" (tan foot)
Neutral
Image labeled "Supination" (blue foot)
Supination
List any three specific Foot Shape Metrics from the review.
Length, width (forefoot & heel), Arch Height
Toe nail color, Shoe size, Sock material
Running speed, Jump height, Shoe brand
Hair color, Eye color, Skin tone
Based on the assessment review, how would you distinguish between functional vs. non-functional activities during a practical exam, and which joint movement should be practiced?
Functional activities are used in daily movement tasks; non-functional activities are not typical patterns. Practice ankle dorsiflexion.
Functional activities are only for sports; non-functional activities are for rest. Practice shoulder abduction.
Functional activities involve only upper limbs; non-functional activities involve lower limbs. Practice wrist flexion.
Functional activities are not assessed; non-functional activities are always assessed. Practice knee extension.
Identify the group of bones highlighted in blue in the diagram: These seven bones form the rear and midfoot region.
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Tarsal bones
Sesamoid bones
How many metatarsals are in the forefoot, and what do they connect to?
Seven; connect to the ankle
Five; connect to the toes
Five; connect to the tibia
Three; connect to the heel
Fill in the blank: Phalanges are the toe bones, similar to _______.
finger bones
heel bones
ankle bones
shin bones
Which statement best describes sesamoid bones in the foot?
Large bones that form the heel
Small bones that reduce pressure during weight-bearing
Long bones connecting toes to the ankle
Flat bones that form the arch
Match each bone group to its description.
Tarsal bones
Seven bones forming the rear and midfoot
Metatarsals
Five long bones in the forefoot that connect to the toes
Phalanges
The toe bones, similar to finger bones
Which joint is described as the main ankle joint where the tibia and fibula meet the talus?
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
Talocrural joint
Subtalar joint
Interphalangeal joint
During dorsiflexion, in which direction does the foot move relative to the shin, as shown in the diagram?
Downward away from the shin
Upward toward the shin
Outward rolling motion
Inward rolling motion
Fill in the blank: Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints are the joints where toes connect to _______.
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
calcaneus
Which movement term correctly matches its definition: Turning the sole of your foot inward?
Eversion
Pronation
Supination
Inversion
A runner shows outward rolling motion of the foot during weight-bearing. Based on the terminology, which alignment term describes this pattern, and what is the ideal foot position used for assessment and measurement?
Pronation; Subtalar neutral
Supination; Subtalar neutral
Eversion; Inversion
Inversion; Eversion
Which term describes the thick fibrous tissue supporting the foot arch?
Medial longitudinal arch
Plantar fascia
Pes planus
Foot core system
The medial longitudinal arch is defined as _______.
The main arch running along the inside of your foot
The arch formed by the heel and toes only
The outermost arch of the foot
The arch located at the base of the fingers
Which term is the medical diagnosis for a flat feet condition?
Pes planus
Hallux valgus
Forefoot valgus
Navicular bulging
According to the content, the foot core system consists of _______ working together for foot stability.
three subsystems
two muscles
four ligaments
five bones
Using the image showing a foot arch support sleeve, which structures are specifically targeted for support according to the package label?
Plantar fascia
Metatarsals
Arch
Heel
Achilles tendon
Metatarsalgia refers to which specific symptom?
Pain in the heel
Pain in the ball of your foot
Pain from hyperextension of the great toe
Pain at the fifth metatarsal
Identify the injury termed “turf toe.”
Pain in the ball of the foot
Hyperextension injury of the great toe
Specific fifth metatarsal fracture
Heel pain in adolescents
Which statement best matches a Jones fracture?
General metatarsal stress fracture
Specific type of fifth metatarsal fracture
Fracture of the talus
Lisfranc joint sprain
Sever's disease is characterized as _______.
a heel pain condition affecting adolescents
a chronic knee disorder in adults
an autoimmune disorder affecting the spine
a viral infection causing joint pain
Match each deformity/structural term to its definition.
Hallux valgus
Medical term for bunion formation
Hallux rigidus
Stiffness and limited motion of the great toe
Navicular bulging
Outward prominence of the navicular bone
Forefoot valgus
Angling of the forefoot away from the midline
Which deformity involves angling of the forefoot away from the midline?
Hallux valgus
Forefoot valgus
Navicular bulging
Hallux rigidus
Palpation is defined as using touch to examine tissues for pain, swelling, or abnormalities. Which assessment term best matches this definition?
Observation
Palpation
Mechanism of injury
During a foot exam, a clinician visually reviews foot structure and alignment without touching. What is this process called?
Palpation
Observation
Sensory examination
Where is the dorsalis pedal pulse felt according to the assessment terms shown?
On top of the foot
Behind the knee
On the wrist
On the neck
Which statement best describes 'mechanism of injury' as used in foot and ankle assessment?
The visual appearance of the injury
How an injury occurred or what caused it
The specific ligament torn
Based on the gait diagram, which phase refers to the period when your foot is in contact with the ground?
Swing phase
Stance phase
Initial swing
In the gait cycle diagram, 'Terminal stance' is identified as the final portion of the stance phase before toe-off. Which percentage range does terminal stance occupy in the stance phase segment shown?
0–10%
10–30%
30–50%
Single limb support is defined as the phase when only one foot supports your body weight. Which gait phase generally contains single limb support according to the diagram and terms?
Stance phase
Swing phase
Match each gait sub-phase with its percentage range shown in the diagram.
Loading Response
0–10%
Mid Stance
10–30%
Terminal Stance
30–50%
Pre Swing
50–60%
Initial Swing
60–73%
Which joint complex is located between the hindfoot and midfoot and is also called Chopart's joint?
Lisfranc joint
Midtarsal joint
Ankle mortise
The Lisfranc joint refers to the tarsometatarsal joint where the midfoot meets the forefoot. Which description correctly identifies this joint?
Joint between hindfoot and midfoot
Tarsometatarsal joint where midfoot meets forefoot
Fibrous structures surrounding synovial joints
Interosseous ligaments are defined in the material as connective tissue between metatarsal bones. Provide the term that matches this definition.
Interosseous ligaments
Collateral ligaments
Plantar fascia
Dorsal aponeurosis
Joint capsules are described as fibrous structures surrounding synovial joints. Which option correctly names these structures?
Interosseous ligaments
Joint capsules
Ankle mortise
