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WorksheetsHealthcare Concepts Exam 2
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 2hrs 58mins
A nurse is assessing a patient who has been on bed rest for two weeks. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect due to immobility?
Increased muscle mass
Joint flexibility and strength
Orthostatic hypotension
Decreased urinary stasis
An older adult patient has kyphosis and decreased height. The nurse recognizes these changes are primarily due to:
Spinal cord injury
Thinning of intervertebral disks
Increased bone density
Overuse of spinal muscles
During a musculoskeletal assessment, the nurse notes limited range of motion in the patient's left knee. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
Encourage full weight-bearing ambulation
Apply heat and continue exercise despite discomfort
Stop movement and notify the provider of the limitation
Immobilize the knee permanently
The nurse is caring for a patient with a fracture immobilized in a cast. Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent complications?
Encourage isometric exercises and monitor skin integrity
Provide high-protein meals to promote healing
Avoid repositioning the affected limb
Limit fluid intake to prevent swelling
A nurse teaches a patient about primary prevention of mobility problems. Which statement shows correct understanding?
I should rest as much as possible to protect my joints.
I will avoid stretching before exercising.
Maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent joint stress.
I’ll skip meals if I’m not exercising that day.
A nurse is preparing to move a partially immobile patient from bed to chair. Which action demonstrates safe patient handling?
Lifting the patient manually to maintain control
Using a mechanical lift with assistance from another staff member
Asking the patient to hold the nurse’s neck for stability
Bending at the waist while lifting
A patient with prolonged immobility is at risk for pressure ulcers. The nurse should prioritize which intervention?
Turn the patient every 2 hours and assess skin regularly
Apply heat packs to reddened areas
Use friction to clean the skin
Position the patient directly on the affected area
Which diagnostic test is used to directly visualize the inside of a joint?
Arthroscopy
Electromyography
Arthrocentesis
Bone scan
The nurse is caring for a patient with Parkinson disease. Which finding should the nurse expect?
Sudden flaccid paralysis
Involuntary jerky limb movements
Muscle stiffness and shuffling gait
Rapid, alternating fine motor control
A nurse is assessing a patient who reports shortness of breath and chest pain after surgery. Which finding most strongly suggests a pulmonary embolism?
Wheezing and pink frothy sputum
Decreased breath sounds on one side
Coughing up blood with sudden chest pain
Dull chest pain that worsens with movement
A patient on heparin therapy has an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 95 seconds. Which action should the nurse take first?
Document the result as expected
Administer protamine sulfate as prescribed
Increase the next heparin dose
Repeat the test in 4 hours
A nurse is caring for a patient with a venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Encourage ambulation without restriction
Apply compression stockings to the affected leg
Elevate the affected extremity and administer anticoagulants
Massage the calf to improve circulation
The nurse recognizes which finding as a common symptom of thrombocytopenia?
Chest pain and dyspnea
Petechiae and bleeding gums
Hypertension and tachycardia
Painful leg swelling
A patient with cirrhosis of the liver is at risk for impaired clotting because:
The liver stores extra platelets
The liver produces clotting factors needed for coagulation
The liver increases platelet destruction
The liver converts fibrin into fibrinogen
The nurse is caring for a patient with hemophilia A. Which statement by the patient shows correct understanding of the disorder?
I’m missing factor IX, so my blood clots too quickly.
I bruise easily because I have fewer red blood cells.
I’m missing factor VIII, which helps my blood form clots.
I can take aspirin for pain since it doesn’t affect bleeding.
The nurse is teaching a patient about warfarin therapy. Which statement indicates the patient needs further teaching?
I’ll have my INR checked regularly
I should eat the same amount of leafy greens each week
I can take ibuprofen for a headache if needed
I’ll call my provider if I notice blood in my stool
A nurse notes a patient has a D-dimer level significantly above normal. This result indicates:
Increased platelet destruction
Active clot formation and breakdown
Vitamin K deficiency
Liver dysfunction
Which nursing action best helps prevent venous thrombosis in an immobile patient?
Encourage high-protein diet
Keep the legs dependent at all times
Perform range-of-motion exercises and encourage leg movement
Apply cold compresses to lower legs
A nurse is assessing pain in an older adult. Which statement is most accurate?
Chronic pain is a normal part of aging
Older adults usually have a lower pain tolerance
Older adults cannot feel acute pain
Pain intensity is always higher in older adults
A patient reports sharp, localized pain at a surgical site. The nurse recognizes this as:
Visceral pain
Neuropathic pain
Somatic pain
Sympathetically mediated pain
Which intervention demonstrates application of the Gate Control Theory of pain?
Administering IV opioids
Rubbing the patient's sore arm to reduce pain
Monitoring vital signs before pain onset
Assessing pain intensity on a 0–10 scale
A patient with diabetic neuropathy reports burning, tingling pain in both feet. The nurse identifies this type of pain as:
Neuropathic pain
Nociceptive pain
Psychogenic pain
Visceral pain
Which physiologic consequence of untreated pain is most concerning for post-surgical patients?
Anxiety and irritability
Shallow breathing leading to atelectasis
Decreased appetite
Social withdrawal
A patient experiences breakthrough pain just before the next dose of pain medication is due. This is classified as:
Incident pain
Idiopathic pain
End-of-dose failure
Chronic pain
Which action should the nurse take when reassessing a patient’s pain after administering oral analgesics?
Recheck in 15 minutes
Recheck in 30–60 minutes
Wait 2 hours before reassessment
Only reassess if patient complains again
The nurse is evaluating pain in a nonverbal patient. Which is the most reliable method?
Assume the patient has no pain if silent
Observe facial expressions, movements, and vital signs
Ask the family member how the patient feels
Only give pain medication if behavior is extreme
A patient with fibromyalgia reports widespread pain in muscles and joints. The nurse recognizes this as:
Mixed pain
Somatic pain
Central pain
Neuropathic pain
A nurse is assessing a patient with dehydration. Which sign is most indicative of extracellular fluid (ECV) deficit?
Edema in the lower extremities
Weight gain over 2 days
Dry mucous membranes and low blood pressure
Distended neck veins
A patient with hyponatremia is at risk for which complication?
Muscle twitching and seizures
Confusion and brain swelling
Slow reflexes and constipation
Low blood pressure and shock
A patient with hyperkalemia is most at risk for which complication?
Muscle spasms and tetany
Cardiac arrest due to irregular heartbeat
Seizures and twitching
Constipation and fatigue
Which hormone helps the body retain water by acting on the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D. Calcitonin
A patient has hypocalcemia. Which assessment finding is most characteristic?
Constipation and fatigue
Muscle twitching, cramps, positive Chvostek’s sign
Confusion and high blood pressure
Slow reflexes and drowsiness
A patient is receiving magnesium supplements. Which sign would indicate hypermagnesemia?
Twitching and hyperactive reflexes
Drowsiness, low blood pressure, and slow heart rate
Seizures and tremors
Muscle cramps and tetany
A nurse is educating a patient on potassium-rich foods. Which patient is at highest risk for hypokalemia?
Patient taking a potassium-sparing diuretic
Patient with kidney failure
Patient taking loop diuretics for hypertension
Patient eating bananas and oranges daily
The nurse is assessing an elderly patient who reports confusion and is lethargic. Labs show high sodium. What is the likely cause?
Hyponatremia from water overload
Hypernatremia from dehydration
Hypokalemia from diuretics
Hypercalcemia from calcium supplements
Which nursing action is most important when managing a patient with fluid overload (ECV excess)?
Encourage increased oral intake
Administer diuretics as prescribed and monitor I&O
Restrict sodium intake but allow unlimited fluids
Monitor for signs of dehydration
Select all that apply
The nurse is providing education about complications of immobility. Which potential effects should be included in the teaching?
Blood clots in the legs
Increased bone mineral density
Constipation and urinary retention
Skin breakdown over bony prominences
Enhanced respiratory expansion
Select all that apply
A nurse is reviewing lab results for a patient with suspected clotting disorder. Which findings support impaired clotting or bleeding tendency?
Platelet count of 95,000/mm³
INR of 3.0 on warfarin therapy
Petechiae on skin and mucous membranes
Fibrinogen level of 150 mg/dL
D-dimer negative
Select all that apply
A nurse is teaching a patient about strategies to manage chronic pain. Which interventions should be included?
Guided imagery and relaxation breathing
Regular physical activity and stretching
Heat or cold therapy for localized pain
Ignoring pain to “tough it out”
Acupuncture or massage
Select all that apply
A nurse is teaching a patient about strategies to prevent electrolyte imbalances. Which interventions should be included?
Replace fluids lost from vomiting or diarrhea with electrolyte-containing fluids
Take diuretics without monitoring potassium levels
Drink excessive plain water to flush electrolytes
Encourage hydration during exercise
Monitor daily weight and input/output
