Worksheets2Q_SUMMATIVE TEST_PR2
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 34mins
Which of the following statements best explains the purpose of a research design in a quantitative study?
It guides how data are collected, measured, and analyzed.
It identifies the opinions and experiences of participants.
It determines the number of samples to be used.
It summarizes the results of statistical tests.
A Grade 12 – HUMSS student wants to determine the relationship between students’ screen time and sleep duration. Which quantitative research design is most appropriate?
Correlational
Descriptive
Experimental
Quasi-experimental
Ms. Cabang studies the effect of different teaching strategies (lecture vs. discussion) on students’ test scores. The teacher randomly assigns students to each group. Which design is BEST described in this situation?
Descriptive – observes what currently exists.
Quasi-experimental – uses pre-existing groups.
Correlational – explores relationships between variables.
Experimental – manipulates variables and uses random assignment.
Why do researchers use a sample instead of studying the entire population?
To save time and resources while drawing valid conclusions about the group.
To collect information from every individual in the entire population.
To make the research results more complex and difficult to analyze.
To remove the need for gathering and interpreting statistical data.
A researcher lists all 200 students in a school and selects every 10th name on the list to form a sample. Which sampling method is used?
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
A researcher wants to compare the academic motivation of Grade 12 STEM, HUMSS, and TVL students. Each strand has a different population size, so the researcher selects participants from each group proportionally. Which sampling method is this?
Cluster Sampling – selecting whole groups or sections as the sample.
Convenience Sampling – selecting participants who are easily available.
Snowball Sampling – selecting participants through referrals from others.
Stratified Sampling – selecting samples from each subgroup proportionally.
Maria developed a survey questionnaire to measure students’ study habits. Before distributing it, she asked three research experts to review her questions for clarity and relevance. After revisions, she administered the test to 30 students and repeated it a week later to check if the results remained consistent. What step did Maria perform when she asked experts to review her questionnaire?
Establishing the instrument’s validity through expert evaluation.
Ensuring the reliability of responses through repetition of tests.
Applying the intervention to improve students’ study habits.
Collecting the data to finalize her research instrument.
Maria developed a survey questionnaire to measure students’ study habits. Before distributing it, she asked three research experts to review her questions for clarity and relevance. After revisions, she administered the test to 30 students and repeated it a week later to check if the results remained consistent. What type of reliability was Maria checking when she gave the same test twice?
Stability reliability using the test–retest method.
Equivalence reliability using alternate forms.
Construct validity using similar measures.
Content validity using expert evaluation.
A researcher created a test to measure students’ critical thinking skills. After administering it, she realized that most questions focused on recalling facts instead of analyzing ideas. She also compared her test results with another standardized test measuring critical thinking and found that both results were highly correlated. Based on the researcher’s observation, what can be said about her test’s validity?
The test is valid but not reliable because results varied.
The test is both valid and reliable since it was standardized.
The test is neither valid nor reliable due to inconsistent scoring.
The test is reliable but not valid because it measures the wrong skills.
A researcher created a test to measure students’ critical thinking skills. After administering it, she realized that most questions focused on recalling facts instead of analyzing ideas. She also compared her test results with another standardized test measuring critical thinking and found that both results were highly correlated. What type of validity did the researcher ensure by comparing her test results with another similar test?
A. Concurrent validity based on correlation of scores.
B. Content validity based on expert review results.
C. Construct validity based on theoretical basis.
D. Face validity based on logical appearance.
A student researcher’s survey consistently gives the same results each time, but the items do not truly measure the intended variable. How should the instrument be evaluated?
Valid but not reliable because scores differ.
Reliable and valid because results are repeated.
Invalid and unreliable because data were missing.
Reliable but not valid because accuracy is lacking.
What is the main goal of planning a data collection procedure in quantitative research?
To gather, treat, and analyze accurate data using valid techniques.
To create research tools that include only open-ended questions.
To describe all instruments without collecting actual responses.
To summarize and interpret the results before collecting data.
Before distributing the questionnaire, then Shieka secures permission from the principal and asks respondents to sign consent forms. Which phase of the procedure is this?
During data gathering phase of the procedure.
Before data gathering phase of the procedure.
After data gathering phase of the procedure.
Post-analysis phase of the procedure.
Angelo, a Grade 12 HUMSS researcher distributed his survey to 100 students without asking permission from the principal or getting consent from respondents. Some teachers questioned his method, and several students refused to answer. What was wrong with Angelo’s data collection process?
He failed to secure permission and consent.
He used unclear survey questions.
He skipped data analysis steps.
He gathered too few responses.
Angelo, a Grade 12 HUMSS researcher distributed his survey to 100 students without asking permission from the principal or getting consent from respondents. Some teachers questioned his method, and several students refused to answer.. What should Angelo have done before distributing his survey?
Asked permission and obtained consent.
Shortened the list of questions.
Ignored the consent process.
Collected data right away.
After data collection, a student notices that several answers are incomplete. What is the best next step?
Reassess the procedure and verify the missing information.
Disregard the incomplete data and finalize the findings.
Ignore the issue since missing answers are expected.
Redesign the questionnaire and restart the study.
What is the main purpose of data analysis in quantitative research?
To summarize and interpret numerical data systematically.
To identify respondents and their personal background.
To write conclusions before testing the hypothesis.
To gather opinions using narrative descriptions.
A researcher used a t-test for independent samples to compare the test scores of two groups. What is this test used for?
To find the difference between two unrelated groups.
To measure the relationship between two variables.
To identify the characteristics of one sample group.
To test the normality of the collected data set.
Which of the following best shows the correct use of parametric and non-parametric tests?
Parametric tests are used for interval data; non-parametric for ordinal data.
Parametric tests are used for nominal data; non-parametric for ratio data.
Both tests are used only when data are not normally distributed.
Both tests are used when the sample size is below thirty.
A Grade 12 researchers compared the reading comprehension scores of two classes. One class used printed materials, while the other used online modules. After the experiment, the researchers analyzed the data using a t-test and found that the computed value was greater than the critical value at 0.05 level of significance. What should the researcher conclude based on the result?
Reject the null hypothesis; there is a significant difference.
Reject the alternative hypothesis; both means are equal.
Accept both hypotheses; the data remain inconclusive.
Accept the null hypothesis; there is no difference.
Deryll is writing the methodology of his research on students’ stress levels. He used a descriptive design, selected 50 Grade 12 students through random sampling, and gathered data using a validated questionnaire. Which part of the methodology describes the sampling technique used by Deryll?
A. Data collection procedure
B. Participants of the study
C. Research design
D. Data analysis
Why is it important that all parts of the methodology are coherent?
It ensures that all methods answer the research questions logically.
It prevents the repetition of the discussion in other chapters.
It allows researchers to reduce data and shorten the paper.
It makes the research appear longer and more detailed.
Which of the following best shows creativity in writing a methodology section?
Adding detailed explanations beyond the research questions.
Using multiple designs to make the paper more comprehensive.
Presenting steps clearly while ensuring coherence and logical flow.
Using uncommon words to make the paper sound more advanced.
Aira is starting her research on students’ time management. She plans to gather information from 100 respondents but is unsure which tool to use for collecting data efficiently. What should Aira understand first before selecting her data collection instrument?
The purpose of gathering data for her study.
The font style and layout of her survey sheet.
The design of her research conclusion chapter.
The number of pages in her questionnaire form.
Allen wants to collect opinions about students’ learning habits. Which instrument is most appropriate?
Observation checklist of classroom events.
Audio recording of teachers’ feedback.
Questionnaire with rating-scale items.
Record of school attendance logs.
A Grade 12-HUMMS research is deciding between an interview and an observation for data collection. Which is the best way to analyze this choice?
Interview provides deeper responses, while observation shows real behavior.
Interview ensures accuracy, while observation eliminates human bias.
Interview is easier to do, while observation is always more objective.
Interview gives faster results, while observation requires fewer tools.
John is preparing his research on students’ study motivation. He plans to make his own questionnaire to gather data from his classmates. What should Rico do to ensure that his questionnaire is appropriate for his study?
Use technical terms to make the survey sound advanced.
Add as many questions as possible to get long answers.
Write clear and relevant items based on his objectives.
Skip testing the tool to save time for data gathering.
What type of data presentation did the researchers use?
Graphical presentation using bars.
Textual presentation in paragraph form.
Tabular presentation of numerical data.
Statistical presentation with computations.
What is the advantage of using a table for this data?
It shows comparisons clearly and directly.
It summarizes the data in narrative form.
It hides unnecessary details and values.
It avoids the need for specific numbers.
A line graph shows the average internet usage (in hours per week) among Grade 12 students from January to June.. What trend is shown by the graph?
Internet usage increased until April, then declined slightly.
Internet usage stayed the same throughout the months.
Internet usage changed randomly with no pattern.
Internet usage continuously decreased over time.
A line graph shows the average internet usage (in hours per week) among Grade 12 students from January to June.. What could be a possible reason for the decrease after April?
Students reduced screen time after final projects ended.
Internet speed improved, causing shorter usage.
Students began new online activities midyear.
Schools required more online tasks in June.
A researcher created a bar graph titled “Average Quiz Scores of Grade 12 Sections” with data gathered from the midterm results in Practical Research 2. The graph included all labels and the data source. However, the bars for each section were not drawn to scale, making Section A appear higher even though its score was lower than Section C..What is the main problem in the researcher’s bar graph?
The bars are not proportional to the actual values.
The graph lacks the necessary labels and title.
The order of the bars is incorrect for the data.
The values presented are too few for analysis.
A student wants to present survey results on students’ favorite school subjects. Which is the best way to design the graph?
Use a line graph even if the data are not continuous.
Use a pie chart showing each subject’s share clearly.
Present the numbers without using any visuals.
Write all the data in paragraph form for clarity.
Gian, a Grade 12 researcher wanted to determine whether there is a difference in the stress levels of students before and after midterm exams. Fifteen students rated their stress levels on a scale of 1–10 before and after the exams.Which statistical test is appropriate for analyzing the data?
t-test on difference of two means
t-test on paired means
Mann-Whitney U test
Pearson r
If the computed t value is 2.24 and the tabular t value at 5% level is 2.13, what decision should be made?
Reject the null hypothesis
Accept the null hypothesis
Increase the sample size
Decrease the significance level
A study was conducted in SNHS to compare the mathematics test scores of students who study in the morning and those who study in the evening. The computed t value is 1.72, while the tabular t value at 5% level of significance is 2.05. Based on the data, which is the correct statistical decision?
Reject the null hypothesis; the relationship is strong.
Reject the null hypothesis; there is a difference in test scores.
Accept the null hypothesis; there is no difference in test scores.
Accept the alternative hypothesis; the groups differ significantly.
A group of Grade 12 students explored the relationship between daily screen time (in hours) and sleep duration (in hours) among senior high school students. They obtained a Pearson r value of -0.76. Based on the result, which interpretation best fits the data?
There is a moderate positive correlation; more screen time improves sleep.
There is no significant relationship between screen time and sleep duration.
There is a negligible correlation; sleep duration is independent of screen time.
There is a strong negative correlation; more screen time is linked to shorter sleep.
A group of Grade 12 students explored the relationship between daily screen time (in hours) and sleep duration (in hours) among senior high school students. They obtained a Pearson r value of -0.76. If you were to design a recommendation based on this finding, which would be most appropriate?
Limit screen exposure before bedtime to improve sleep quality.
Encourage students to increase screen time for better focus.
Ignore screen habits as they do not affect sleep.
Increase study time regardless of sleep patterns.
A researcher investigated the effects of music on students’ concentration. After analyzing the data, results showed that students who listened to classical music performed slightly better on memory tasks than those who studied in silence. Which conclusion best reflects the findings of the study?
Classical music may help improve students’ focus during study sessions.
Listening to any kind of music leads to equal improvement in all students.
Students who prefer silence are generally less capable of memorizing tasks.
The results prove that music is the only factor affecting concentration levels.
A study examined the relationship between sleep duration and test scores among Grade 12 learners. Results indicated that students who had 7–8 hours of sleep achieved higher average scores than those who slept less than 5 hours. Which statement represents a valid conclusion based on the data?
Sleep hours directly determine every student’s overall intelligence.
Adequate sleep appears to be connected with better academic results.
Longer sleep guarantees that learners will always perform at their best.
The study proves that sleeping less completely prevents learning success.
Mikayla explored the connection between students’ screen time and academic performance. The computed correlation was r = –0.65. Which conclusion best interprets and synthesizes the result?
Higher screen time completely improves the academic results of the learners.
Increased screen exposure tends to be linked with lower academic outcomes.
Using electronic devices has no consistent pattern with school performance.
Learners who avoid screens entirely achieve similar grades as all others.
A study concluded that students who manage their study schedule perform better academically than those who do not plan their time. Which statement best describes the purpose of writing recommendations in this context?
To suggest specific actions based on the findings and conclusions of the research.
To restate the results of the study in a simpler form for the readers to remember.
To summarize the problems encountered by the researchers during the study.
To repeat the conclusions in a more detailed and technical explanation.
Research findings showed that senior high school students with excessive mobile game usage tend to have lower study engagement and shorter sleep hours. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation based on the findings?
Schools should consider implementing balanced study and recreation programs.
Students should completely avoid playing any kind of mobile or online games.
Teachers should give longer assignments to reduce students’ gaming time.
Parents should stop providing gadgets to their children permanently.
A study found that many community residents are unaware of the medicinal value of a local herbal plant proven to have antibacterial properties. Which recommendation correctly aligns with the study’s conclusion and purpose?
Promote awareness campaigns about the plant’s uses through school and community programs.
Encourage the community to plant any available herbs regardless of their properties.
Limit the research to laboratory tests without extending findings to the public.
Prohibit the use of herbal plants since their effects are not yet scientifically proven.
Bea reviewed her group’s methodology. She noticed that the sampling technique described in the “Participants” section did not match the “Data Analysis” plan. The design was descriptive, but they included an inferential test not suitable for their variables. What does this situation reveal about writing a research methodology?
All parts must align to maintain consistency and validity.
Data analysis can be chosen freely regardless of design.
Research coherence is less important than accuracy.
Sampling and analysis need not match in approach.
