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WorksheetsPretest Patologi Anatomi Blok 2.2 Neurobehavior
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 10mins
A 68-year-old patient develops progressive memory loss and confusion. MRI reveals cortical atrophy, especially in the hippocampus. Histological examination shows extracellular plaques and intracellular tangles. Which combination best describes the molecular components of these lesions?
α-synuclein and TDP-43
Aβ peptide and phosphorylated tau
Polyglutamine and ubiquitin
Amyloid precursor protein and α-synuclein
Tau protein and neurofilament light chain
In most neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal protein aggregation causes both “toxic gain-of-function” and “loss-of-function.” What mechanism best explains this dual effect?
Reduced neurotransmitter release in surviving neurons
Inhibition of neuronal firing by GABAergic dominance
Misfolded proteins interfere with normal protein activity and damage neurons
Increased degradation of normal proteins via lysosomal pathways
Enhanced synaptic pruning by microglia
Which feature most clearly distinguishes Alzheimer’s disease from Parkinson’s disease at the cellular pathology level?
Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra
α-synuclein inclusions in cortical neurons
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Neuronal loss in the basal ganglia
Mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons
Which of the following mechanisms contributes most directly to neuronal loss in Parkinson’s disease?
Excessive β-amyloid production
Autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors
Misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein
Failure of cerebrovascular autoregulation
Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
A 60-year-old man presents with resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Which structure is primarily affected and what neurotransmitter is most depleted?
Substantia nigra pars compacta – dopamine
Basal nucleus of Meynert – acetylcholine
Hippocampus – glutamate
Cerebellum – GABA
Prefrontal cortex – serotonin
Which statement best explains why ischemic stroke commonly produces “liquefactive necrosis” in brain tissue?
Brain tissue lacks myelin and is rich in fibrous proteins
The brain has abundant lysosomal enzymes and little structural stroma
The inflammatory response is primarily granulomatous
Cerebral vessels rapidly regenerate after injury
The infarcted region undergoes coagulative necrosis followed by fibrosis
Which neuropathological feature is most likely observed one week after an ischemic stroke?
Presence of red neurons with eosinophilic cytoplasm
Gliosis and formation of microglial nodules
Cystic cavity with reactive astrocyte wall
Perivascular hemorrhage and necrosis
Neuronal vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis only
An infarct in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory is most likely to result in:
Contralateral leg weakness with behavioral changes
Homonymous hemianopia without motor deficit
Aphasia and contralateral hemiplegia
Ataxia and intention tremor
Bilateral sensory loss of face and body
A researcher finds that α-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson’s disease can spread between neurons and induce further aggregation in recipient cells. This process is best described as:
Autoimmune synaptic degeneration
Prion-like propagation
Excitotoxic apoptosis
Demyelination
Lysosomal overload
Which feature differentiates vascular cognitive impairment (multi-infarct dementia) from Alzheimer’s disease?
Accumulation of α-synuclein in cortical neurons
Amyloid plaques and tangles in hippocampal neurons
Gradual onset without stepwise decline
Stepwise deterioration following repeated ischemic episodes
Symmetric cortical atrophy sparing subcortical areas
