A software company uses SHA-256 hashing to verify that downloaded updates haven’t been altered. Which CIA principle is this?

During a DDoS attack, a company’s website becomes unreachable for customers. Which CIA component is affected?

An HR staff member accidentally emails employee salary data to all staff. Which CIA principle was violated?

An attacker modifies audit logs to erase evidence of unauthorized access. Which CIA element is compromised?

To ensure that systems are always operational during power outages, a company installs backup generators. This supports:

A financial institution uses multi-factor authentication to prevent unauthorized account access. Which CIA principle is this?

A developer signs an application digitally before distribution. This supports:

A company replicates its data to a secondary data center every hour. This ensures:

Unauthorized access to a database allowed a hacker to view customer credit card numbers. Which is violated?

Checksum validation during file transfer ensures what?

A system regularly backs up data to prevent loss during system crashes. Which is protected?

Access control lists (ACLs) prevent unauthorized users from viewing system logs. Which CIA principle is upheld?

A user deletes critical system files accidentally, rendering a server inoperable. Which CIA element is violated?

An attacker intercepts a message and alters its content before delivery. This impacts:

To maintain accurate patient records, a hospital uses a checksum verification system. This ensures:

Data stored in the cloud is encrypted and accessible only through authorized credentials. This ensures:

A ransomware attack encrypts all company data, making it inaccessible. Which CIA component suffers most?

An employee modifies a colleague’s performance report without permission. Which principle is breached?

A backup server ensures the company can restore operations within minutes of failure. This maintains:

A company installs a device that blocks traffic from unauthorized IP addresses. What type of device is this?

An organization uses a system that detects suspicious network activity but doesn’t stop it. This system is:

An IPS blocks a user trying to exploit a vulnerability in the company’s web server. Which function is demonstrated?

A firewall rule blocks all incoming connections except HTTP and HTTPS. What is the main goal?

An antivirus quarantines a malicious file found in a user’s email. Which CIA component is it protecting?

A firewall blocks port 23 (Telnet) due to security concerns. What attack type is it preventing?

A company uses a next-generation firewall that analyzes packet content. This feature is called:

An IDS generates too many false alarms, causing administrators to miss real threats. This issue is called:

Which device should be placed behind a firewall to detect insider attacks?

A user disables antivirus updates to improve PC speed. What is the consequence?

A host-based IDS monitors:

Which technology would best prevent a zero-day attack?

A company separates its internal network from the internet using a firewall. This design is known as:

An IDS fails to detect an attack that occurred. This is known as:

Which system would stop malicious traffic in real-time?

A company uses antivirus software that compares files to a known malware database. This method is:

Which of the following would BEST prevent data exfiltration through email attachments?

An attacker floods a firewall with traffic, causing it to crash. What CIA element is impacted?

The antivirus detected malware but could not remove it completely. Which step should follow?

A network security team configures an IPS to automatically block repeated suspicious login attempts. This best supports: