The tidal volume will always be consistent from one appointment to another. 

Dentistry was and is the primary health disciplin to use N2O.

Match each statement with the correct term or person.

A nonspecific feeling of apprehension, worry or uneasiness

Match each statement with the correct term or person.

Father of Anesthesia

Match each statement with the correct term or person.

began working with ether as a pain management gas

Match each statement with the correct term or person.

credited for the discovery of both N2O and O2

Match each statement with the correct term or person.

irrational fear of something specific

Match each statement with the correct term or person.

a feeling of fright or dread related to an identifiable source recognized by the individual

William Morton was posthomously awarded the title of the "Father of Anesthesia"

In the early days of N2O, this gas was thought to be etiologic to many disease and deadly conditions.

The use of N2O provides pain control and anxiety relief that is quickly and easily reversed.

Match each of the following terms to the correct definition.

a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully after repeated or painful stimulation

Match each of the following terms to the correct definition.

a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation

Match each of the following terms to the correct definition.

a drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation

Match each of the following terms to the correct definition.

also known as minimal sedation - a drug induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands

________________ results due to the N2O diffusing form the blood into a closed air-containing spaces in the middle ear as the body tries to reach equilibrium.

The interaction between a drug, the brain, and other tissues until equilibrium is reached is expressed in values called:

Knowledge of the mechanism in which nitrous oxide acts on the molecular level is limited.

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

process f administering a drug incrementally to a specific level

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

sedative effects

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

mixture of 20% N2O and 80% oxygen have same effect as 15mg morphine

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

due to the pharmacologic characteristis of N2O, clinical effects may begin in less than 30 seconds

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

inhalation of of 100% oxygen for a minimum of 5 minutes after termination of the gas

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

patients often state they cannot recall the severity of the pain or ansiety

Match each of the following terms to the proper definition

Nitrous Oxide is 99% removed from the body within 5-10 minutes after discontiuation of use

Nitrous Oxide is the most potent (strongest) of all inhalation general anesthetics.

A full cylinder of nitrous oxide is likely to be approximately ______% liquid and ______% gas.

Conduction tubing connects the ___________ to the ________________ on the N2O/O2 sedation machine.

From the following list, select three items associated with a central gas supply N2O/O2 sedation system.

A.Manifold
B.Large cylinders
C.Small cylinders
D.Regulator
E.Yoke stand

Question 3

Oxygen gas is pressurized in the cylinder at 750 psi. The oxygen gauge will constantly show an accurate amount of gas remaining in the cylinder.

Reducing pressure from the cylinder to an appropriate level for patient inhalation is accomplished by the

The _____________ regulates the N2O industry.

The color code for oxygen in the United States is green; however, the universal color most commonly associated with oxygen in many other parts of the world is

The oxygen fail-safe device that is required on all N2O/O2 sedation machines ensures that

The raw ingredient ______________ is heated to create nitrous oxide and water plus a few impurities.

The safety device that prevents inadvertent attachment of the N2O cylinder to the O2 yoke on a portable unit is called the

O2 is found as a gas in a cylinder. When the O2 cylinder is full, the amount of pressure is approximately 2000 psi.

When handling compressed gases it is acceptable to have grease, oil, or other lubricating substances come in contact with the gas or gas delivery equipment.

The pulse oximeter uses light wavelengths to measure the amount of oxygen saturation of arterial blood. Which of the following values would be considered normal for a healthy individual?

Benefits of nitrous oxide include
a.      Increased acceptance of dental care
b.      Reduction of fear and pain
c.      More relaxed and efficient
d.      Patient able to sit for prolonged periods of time (time lapses

An absolute contraindication to the use of N2O/O2 sedation would be a patient with

To reduce inner ear pressure during nitrous oxide/oxygen, sit the patient upright.

How can you quickly assist the patient with receiving sufficient nitrous oxide/oxygen to bring on the symptoms of sedation?

Which of the following statements is correct in reference to the color coding of the tanks?

a. Oxygen tank is color coded blue

b. Nitrous oxide tank color is coded blue

c. Oxygen tank color coded green

d. Nitrous oxide tank color coded green

The National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health has recommended in a proposed standard that workers in dental operatories be exposed to which of the following?

N2O/O2 has a significant negative impact on which of the following body systems?

Match the definitions to the correct term.

abusive use of nitrous oxide that leads to prolonged disabling peripheral neuropathy

Match the definitions to the correct term.

is a physical process where molecules of a material move from an area of high concentration (where there are many molecules) to an area of low 

Match the definitions to the correct term.

the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration with a known volume of another solution

Match the definitions to the correct term.

a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down

When the alarm in the fail-safe system sounds, what should you do?

Flatulence may be an unavoidable side effect of nitrous oxide/oxygen.

Vital signs are recorded at the beginning with 100% oxygen being administered and later after the patient has been breathing the gas mixture for a few minutes. In comparison of the two reading, which of the following is typically true?

Although proven clinically insignificant, the term used to define the decrease in blood oxygen saturation caused by the rapid exit of nitrous oxide upon its discontinuation is called

A common area of spasm evidenced by significant cough and gag reflex occurs at the

A pulse oximeter is a device that may be used during N2O/O2 sedation to assess the level of

In order for the patient to reach the maximum level of nitrous oxide accurately, which of the following is recommended?

Which of the following are health risks due to chronic exposure of nitrous oxide in the medical and dental workplace?

a. spontaneous abortion

b. congenital abnormalities

c. nervous system disorders

d. kidney and liver disorders

All of the following are relative contraindications of N2O/O2 use except one. Which one of the following indicates when N2O/O2 should be used?

Minute ventilation is approximated by multiplying ______ by _____.

All of the following are relative contraindications to the use of N2O/O2 sedation except one. Which one is this exception?

On which of the following systems does nitrous oxide have the greatest impact?

If the nitrous oxide gauge is registering 50% but the patient is not describing any symptoms, what could be the problem?

A pulse rate of 95 beats per minute for a 6-year-old child would be considered

During the administration of nitrous oxide and oxygen the patient becomes anxious, restless, drowsy and nauseous. Which of the following is the best recommended course of action to take?

A 52-year-old patient with hypertension being controlled by daily medication would be classified as an ASA

The rapid induction technique is not recommended for adults.

A minimum of ____ minutes of post-oxygenation is required, it is appropriate to terminate the flow of N2O and deliver 100% O2 before completion of the procedure to expedite the recovery period.

A patient who does not show any signs or symptoms during the administration of N2O/O2 sedation is considered to be________________.

Each of the following can be accomplished using the titration technique for N2O/O2 sedation except one. Which one is the exception?

A common mistake made with N2O/O2 sedation is to automatically deliver a preset percentage of N2O to a patient.

Since the use of N2O is considered a safe inhalation sedation, there is no need to have an emergency protocol in place should the patient become unresponsive.

Once the patient has initial effects from the gas it is not critical to closely monitor signs and symptoms of sedation as they will appear the same for the duration of the treatment time effect.

Preprocedural fasting is a mandated requirement for patients undergoing nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation by the ADA and the AAP/AAPD in an ambulatory setting BECAUSE a frequent side effect of nitrous oxide drug is vomiting.

The ADA states that positive-pressure oxygen must be available during N2O/O2 sedation and sedation equipment must have a fail-safe mechanism and a scavenging system.

The patient's response to _____________ will ensure consciousness.

Anyone with knowledge of N2O and its effects can administer/monitor patients.

Federal law mandates that expressed, written consent be obtained prior to administration of nitrous oxide.

Preprocedural instructions must be given to the patient before N2O/O2 sedation. Each of the following would be appropriate except one. Which one is the exception?

In order for the health care worker to asses a patient's tidal volume, which of the following does she/he need to be aware of?

How does the nitrous system prevent carbon dioxide from building up during exhalation by the patient?

The concept of individual biovariability when administering drugs is based on the premise that

Which of the following represents a blood pressure value classified as prehypertension?

Guedel's stages of anesthesia state that at the Stage II phase:

Titration minimizes the chances of a severe, possibly life-threatening reaction should the patient be allergic to the drug. This process can be applied to administration of many drugs.

100% oxygen is give for 3-5 minutes or more following nitrous oxide usage during a dental treatment. The reason for this is prevent which of the following:

Monitoring a patient's signs and symptoms throughout the entire sedation experience is vital to success. Which of the following indicates an appropriate sequence of events leading to a relaxed and comfortable patient?

Which of the following would be an appropriate example of the recommended titration technique?

Which of the following is the appropriate procedure to follow when the patient indicates he/she is still dizzy following the initial 5 minutes of postoperative 100% oxygen?

Which of the following indicates the procedure to follow when a patient suddenly feels uncomfortable in any way during N2O/O2 sedation?

A tingling sensation in the extremities is a sign seen with all patients using N2O/O2 sedation. All patients appropriately sedated using N2O/O2 sedation will have intact cough and gag reflexes.

An acceptable amount of nitrous oxide to begin the titration technique for an adult requiring 7 L/min would be ________ on a machine with floating balls in glass tubes.

The basic principles of N2O/O2 administration have been developed from decades of experience.

Which of the following presents a sign with respect to hearing that would indicate an appropriate level of sedation?

All but one of the following are signs of patient oversedation when using N2O/O2 sedation. Which one is this exception?

Match each of the ASA Classifications to the correct patient level. 6 points

A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation

Match each of the ASA Classifications to the correct patient level. 6 points

A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

Match each of the ASA Classifications to the correct patient level. 6 points

A patient with severe systemic disease

Match each of the ASA Classifications to the correct patient level. 6 points

Patient is a completely healthy fit patient.

Match each of the ASA Classifications to the correct patient level. 6 points

A patient with mild systemic disease

Match each of the ASA Classifications to the correct patient level. 6 points

No such rating exists

All of the following statements are true regarding the technique for administering N2O/O2 sedation except one. Which one is this exception?

When monitoring a patient's body movement,  it is uncommon for the patient to become aggitated or fidgety when the level of nitrous oxide is too high.

All but one of the following are signs of an appropriate level of sedation using N2O/O2. Which one is this exception?

Relative to oversedation, silent regurgitation occurs when vomitus reaches the level of the epiglottis and can lead to aspiration into the lungs. This situation demands immediate advanced medical attention.

As you begin N2O/O2 administration, you deliver 7 L/min oxygen while securing the nasal hood to the patient. As the patient inhales, you notice the reservoir bag collapsing. What is your next course of action?

Which of the following would indicate inadequate recovery of a patient following nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation?

The initial flow of N2O/O2 in liters per minute (L/min) for a child between 3 and 5 years of age should be set to

Which of the following has the largest impact on adverse events?

A recent increase in use of N2O/O2 sedation has been noted in emergency medicine. All of the following are potential indications within the emergency department (ED) except one. Which one is the exception?

Increase nitrous oxide to 70% and allow to flow over the face of a patient. Gradually lower the nasal inhaler over their nose, reduce nitrous oxide to 30% or more, if necessary, and deliver post-hypnotic suggestions concerning future dental appointments. This type of induction is primarily for which of the following patients?

The least frequently observed sign of N2O/O2 sedation in children is

N2O/O2 sedation can be useful when taking oral radiographs because it

Scavenging devices recommended to minimize N2O concentrations in a dental operatory include all of the following except one. Which one is this exception?

In recent years, the safety of nitrous oxide has been disputed. Which of the following people are most at risk?
a. patients
b. dentist
c. assistant
d. hygienist

What has been discovered about a person recovering from alcohol and nitrous oxide sedation?
a.      This patient is a good candidate for nitrous oxide usage during dental treatment.
b.      This patient should not be given nitrous oxide sedative.
c.      Nitrous oxide as a sedative drug will encourage a return to drinking.
d.      Nitrous oxide sedative effects are similar to the effects received by drinking alcohol.

Mrs. Smith is a very apprehensive patient and she does not like to lose control of the situation. Which of the following would be the best action to take?

A scavenging mask/nasal hood prevents waste gas from being eliminated through the patient's mouth.

Each of the following is relevant to pediatric N2O/O2 sedation except one. Which one is the exception?

N2O/O2 proved beneficial for those patients being treated in an ambulatory setting for coronary artery disease by enriching the O2 supply to the heart.

Inadequate sedation or failure is more frequently reported when N2O/O2 is administered in patients with

Health disciplines other than dentistry using N2O/O2 sedation are likely to use a full face mask for gas delivery. N2O/O2 sedation used in the ambulance is likely to be a 50:50% system with demand flow.

It is recommended to periodically calibrate and perform routine maintenance on the flowmeter. Manufacturers' recommendations may vary but a typical time frame is every __________ months.

A major source of trace nitrous oxide that contaminates the ambient air in a dental office is from:

NIOSH chose _____ ppm to be the maximum exposure limit for personnel in a dental setting. Although this limit has not been strictly enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), it remains the recommended standard to date.

In addition to dentistry, N2O/O2 sedation has had a long-standing history of use in

Which of the following are health risks due to chronic exposure of nitrous oxide in the medical and dental workplace?

a. spontaneous abortion
b. congenital abnormalities
c. nervous system disorders
d. kidney and liver disorders

The maximum exposure limit of 500 ppm N2O for dental personnel set by NIOSH in 1977 is still in effect today. This Occupational Exposure Limit for the United States was based on sound biologic data from valid, reliable research.

The nitrous oxide/oxygen units have a mechanism which prevents deliverance of 100% nitrous oxide. What is the minimum amount of oxygen that could be administered?

Which of the following are the proper disinfecting steps for the nitrous oxide tubing and nasal inhaler?