Descartes publishes much of his scientific theory in a book entitled ________, a work of philosophy.

Descartes is often described as the philosopher who popularizes:

His concept of the four innate ideas concluded that the only things a person could know are their: Identity, self, substance and

Thomas Hobbes believed that if human beings were left in a state of nature that they:

Because of this, in his work____________, which best describes the ultimate form that society will take, Hobbes recommends rule by a Monarch as the best of a bad situation.

Hobbes Stated that we as individuals partook in a form of _________ in which we could not possibly think of anyone other than ourselves:

John Locke wished to secure the following rights within the society:

John Locke believed that if human beings were left in a state of nature that they:

Locke was a strict empiricist, believing that we as human beings were born as__________, or blank slates. This contradicts his view of innate knowledge though...

This German Thinker, Baruch Spinoza, tries to incorporate God into his __________________ theory. He is not English.

The way that Spinoza incorporates God into his theory is that he believes that God is____________, not just in heaven. But everywhere.

Because of this, he believes that our actions are _____________________.

This This Continental Thinker, _________ proposed a principle of Identity, Sufficient Reason and Internal Harmony

The Principle of Identity explored ____________ and Synthetic language, which helped to describe these types of language: A Priori and A Posteriori (Truth known with and without observation).

In his principle of sufficient reason he proposes that For Anything that Exists there is a reason WHY it exists and in his principle of internal harmony he proposes that: If there is a God, God must be both ____________.

Jeremy Bentham developed the principle of _________________ which sought to maximize the most happiness in a particular community:

This theory (Utilitarianism) was further developed by this person,_________________, who expanded upon it and gave us the concept that we should better define “happiness” as “good” for the community:

1. Utilitarianism is an example of this type of ethics: 

Immanuel Kant is born in this country:

Kant is generally considered to be the last word on the _______ philosophical period.

The above period (question 22) is characterized by the prevalence of empirical and rational mindsets. Thinkers from this era referred to empirical knowledge as:

Rational knowledge (or information that is inherent / exists outside of our experience) as:

These mindsets are reorganized by Kant’s contemporary David:

The person above explains that knowledge is not as important as communication, found in analytical and___ language.

Kant attempted to disprove this “Language” argument by proving the repetition between the knowledge and the language, however, he finds the combination of the ______ an appropriate explanation of the concept of love, grace and faith.

This helps Kant explore the phenomenal and _______ realm, which was the realm of which is very similar to Plato’s Forms:

The most famous form of Kant’s Categorical Imperative states:

The final form of the Categorical envisions what Kant describes as the: