WorksheetsTranslation Concepts and Lexical Units
Total questions: 87
Worksheet time: 44mins
The translation of “paroxysmal dyspnea” as “cơn khó thở kịch phát” in Vietnamese is an example of which type?
translation proper
intralingual translation
intersemiotic translation
Interpreting the idiom “the penny drops” as “he finally understands what he had not understood before” is termed what?
transmutation
interlingual translation
intralingual translation
Which basic lexical unit cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts?
Morpheme
Morphology
Lexicon
What is the smallest unit of language that can be used by itself?
morpheme
word
phrase
Which term can be either a whole word or a part of a word that has meaning?
Morpheme
Morphology
Lexicon
We can distinguish four main types of meaning in words and utterances: propositional meaning, expressive meaning, presupposed meaning, and which other type?
Lexical meaning
Evoked meaning
Literal meaning
Which type of meaning cannot be judged as true or false because it reflects the speaker’s attitude rather than reference?
Propositional meaning
Expressive meaning
Presupposed meaning
Which meaning of a word or utterance arises from its relation to what it refers to or describes in the real or imaginary world?
The propositional meaning
The presupposed meaning
The evoked meaning
Which restrictions are semantically arbitrary and do not logically follow from the propositional meaning of a word?
Selectional restrictions
Electional restrictions
Collocational restrictions
Which type of collocation deliberately confuses collocational ranges to create unusual word combinations that challenge expectations?
Unmarked collocations
All collocations
Marked collocations
An idiom may be used in the source text in which senses at the same time?
literal senses
idiomatic senses
literal and idiomatic senses
Which term refers to the tendency of certain words to co‑occur regularly in a given language?
Collocation
A fixed expression
An idiom
What name is given to the set of typical collocates associated with a given word?
Idiom range
Collocational range
Fixed expression range
Which statement is NOT true?
Level of specificity and number of senses influence a word’s collocational range.
The collocational range of the word “shrug” is broader than that of the word “do”.
Some words have a much broader collocational range than others.
Which of the following is NOT true about creating collocations?
We create new collocations by extending an existing range.
We create new collocations by deliberately putting together words from opposing ranges.
The collocational range of “shrug” is broader than that of “make”.
Which statement is NOT true about factors influencing collocational range?
Some words have a much broader collocational range than others.
The number of senses a word has cannot influence its collocational range.
Level of specificity of a word can influence its collocational range.
Which statement about fixed expressions, collocations, and idioms is NOT true?
Fixed expressions often have fairly transparent meanings.
Patterns of collocation are largely arbitrary and independent of meaning.
Idioms are frozen patterns of language which allow much variation in form.
Fixed expressions and proverbs often have fairly _____. In spite of this, the meaning of a fixed expression or proverb is somewhat more than the sum meanings of its words.
transparent meanings
functional meanings
ambiguous meanings
Which statement is NOT true about idioms and fixed expressions?
Idioms and fixed expressions are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form.
Idioms often carry meanings which can be deduced from their individual components.
Fixed expressions often have fairly transparent meanings.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about grammatical vs. lexical structure?
Grammar is organized along two main dimensions, morphology and syntax.
Grammatical structure differs from lexical structure in that it is more resistant to change.
Grammatical choices are largely optional.
In English, a distinction between one and more than one (singular and plural) has to be expressed _____.
lexically
morphologically
not at all
In Vietnamese, a distinction between one and more than one (singular and plural) has to be expressed _____.
lexically or not at all
morphologically or not at all
not at all
Which statement is NOT true about grammatical categories in English and Vietnamese?
Tense and aspect are not grammatical categories in Vietnamese.
English has a grammatical category of gender.
In English, the gender distinction exists in some semantic areas and in the person system.
The category of person relates to the notion of _____.
participant roles
relationship between a verb and its subject
aspectual differences
The main function of the passive in Vietnamese is to _____.
avoid specifying the agent
express adversity
give an impression of objectivity
In translation, the matter of _____ deals with grammatical categories, such as number and gender.
grammatical equivalence
textual equivalence
organizational equivalence
The vocabulary of a language as a set of referring words to a series of conceptual fields reflects divisions on the continuum of experience. In linguistics, the divisions are called _____.
pragmatic fields
semantic fields
syntactic fields
_____ is the strategy particularly common in dealing with culture-specific items, modern concepts, and buzz words.
Translation using a borrow word
Translation using a loaned word
Translation using a loan word
Ellipsis _____ the omission of an item. In other words, in ellipsis, an item is replaced by nothing.
to involve
involves
Involving
The form of the verb in languages with tense and aspect categories usually indicates two main types of information: _____.
time relations and aspectual differences
aspectual differences
person and voice
The most important difference between grammatical and lexical choices, as far as translation is concerned, is that _____.
grammatical choices are largely obligatory while lexical choices are largely optional.
grammatical choices are largely optional while lexical choices are largely obligatory.
grammatical choices and lexical choices are largely obligatory.
_____ is a grammatical distinction according to which a noun or pronoun is classified as either masculine or feminine in some languages.
Gender
Person
Voice
Voice is a grammatical category which defines _____.
participant roles
the relationship between a verb and its subject
aspectual differences
_____ have to do with the temporal distribution of an event, for instance its completion or non-completion, continuation or momentariness.
Voices
Time relations
Aspectual differences
Which of the following statement is NOT true about theme and rheme?
The theme is what the clause is about.
The theme carries the main new information of the clause.
Theme and rheme organize information structure.
Which statement about theme and rheme is NOT true?
The distinction between theme and rheme is speaker-oriented.
The rheme is what the clause is about.
The rheme is the most important element in the structure of the clause.
Which statement about theme and rheme is NOT true?
Theme and rheme are not grammatical notions.
Tense and aspect are not grammatical categories in Vietnamese.
A distinction between what is given and what is new in a message is speaker-oriented.
Which statement about theme and rheme is NOT true?
Theme and rheme are grammatical notions.
The distinction between theme and rheme is speaker-oriented.
A distinction between what is given and what is new in a message is reader-oriented.
Which statement about rheme is NOT true?
The rheme acts as a point of orientation and a point of departure.
The rheme is the goal of discourse.
The rheme is the most important element in the structure of the clause.
For which concept are there surface connections that let us trace participants and relate different parts of a text to each other?
cohesion
coherence
contextualization
Which relation connects together the actual words and expressions we can see or hear?
Collocation
Coherence
Cohesion
Conjunctions so and consequently belong to which type?
adversative
causal
temporal
Conjunctions then and next belong to which type?
additive
adversative
temporal
A translator should have perfect knowledge of which pair?
equivalence
grammar
SL and TL
Conjunction involves the use of formal markers ______ sentences, clauses, and paragraphs to each other.
to relate
to relating
to relates
The problem of equivalence arises primarily in translating ________.
poems
fiction
idioms
Which restrictions are semantically arbitrary and do not follow logically from a word’s propositional meaning?
Collocational restrictions
Selectional restrictions
Electional restrictions
What does non-equivalence at word level mean?
The target language has no direct equivalent for a source-text word.
Non-equivalence above word level
Non-equivalence below word level
In the field of VEHICLES, if vehicles are a superordinate, then bus, car, truck, and coat are its ________.
Hyponym
Hypernym
Synonym
Translators ________ language-specific conventions for relating verbal to visual information.
need to sensitive of
need to be sensitive to
need to be sensitive with
Translators, as we have seen, can be extremely ______.
creation
creative
creativeness
Cohesion is the network of lexical, grammatical, and other relations that provide ______.
links between various words of a text
links between various parts of a text
links between various parts and a text
Which option best defines a collocation?
A phrase whose meaning cannot be understood literally
A combination of words that frequently occur together
A free word combination with no restrictions
Why are collocational restrictions often considered "arbitrary"?
Because they always follow logical semantic rules
Because they are universal across languages
Because they cannot be explained by grammar
In translation, what is the main challenge of collocations?
They may not match natural usage in the target language
They are always easy to substitute word-for-word
They never occur in specialized registers
Which of the following is an idiom rather than a simple collocation?
Take a photo
Bury the hatchet
Pay a visit to someone
Which feature makes idioms difficult to translate?
They never exist in spoken language
They may be culture-bound with no TL equivalent
They always lose their meaning when paraphrased
What should translators prioritize when dealing with grammatical equivalence?
Always keep the exact ST form, even if unnatural
Ignore grammar to focus only on lexis
Adapt TL grammar and cultural norms while keeping meaning
Which language mainly relies on context instead of tense marking?
Chinese
English
French
What does textual equivalence mainly focus on?
Grammatical correctness only
Cohesion and information flow in a text
Avoiding cultural references
Which of the following is an example of substitution as a cohesive device?
"I like coffee. Do you like it too?"
"I bought a book. The book is new."
"I saw a dog, a cat, and a bird."
Which conjunction expresses a cause–effect relation?
However
Meanwhile
Therefore
Which option best illustrates lexical cohesion?
Repeating the same word multiple times
Changing the subject and object frequently
Using synonyms and related words across the text
Ethics is _____.
moral principles that govern a person's behavior
immoral principles that govern a person's behavior
moral and immoral principles that govern a person's behavior
The translator has to enhance his/her knowledge by creating and updating _____.
resource
terminology
Professional
Translators should endeavor to provide service of the highest _____ in their professional practice.
confidentiality
quality
Professionalism
In translation and interpreting, morality is not _____ or socially approved habits, which vary from one cultural environment to another.
same as
the same as
the same
Translators cannot escape the burden of their moral proximity _____
to others
to himself/herself
to a few readers
Interpreters and translators use their best professional judgement in remaining _____ at all times to the meaning of texts and messages.
faithful
unfaithful
Faithfulness
Between the verbal and the visual, an important aspect to bear in mind in _____ is their relationship.
reading texts
translation
write texts
Semiotic resources include gesture, body language, colour, and _____.
code dress
code dressing
dress code
In translation, the matter of _____ categories, such as number and gender, is central when aligning forms across languages.
grammatical equivalence
textual equivalence
organizational equivalence
According to the view that language is a vehicle for the message and can even be an obstacle to understanding, what practice is recommended?
Translate every word literally to preserve form
Deverbalize meaning so that meaning, not language, is translated
Prioritize idiomatic expressions over accuracy
When translating idioms, which strategy best balances meaning and naturalness in the TL?
Force a literal rendering to preserve imagery
Replace with a culturally equivalent idiom in the TL
Delete the idiom to avoid confusion
Which translation approach prioritizes effective communication with the target audience over strict linguistic equivalence?
Sociolinguistic approach
Linguistic approach
Communicative approach
Which approach views translation primarily as a literary endeavor rather than a linguistic one?
Literary approach
Communicative approach
Linguistic approach
According to which approach does social context determine what is translatable or acceptable, including selection and potential censorship?
Communicative approach
Sociolinguistic approach
Linguistic approach
Interactional organization encourages choices that maintain a clear progression of links so that a text’s point of view remains what?
Inherent
Coherent
Cohesive
Which pair are not grammatical notions, highlighting that grammaticality alone does not ensure acceptability or coherence?
Theme and rheme
Subject and title
Topic and subject
The word that refers to something made of wood, used to sit on, is best identified as which option?
iron
case
chair
Rendering the sentence "He is reading a book" as "Anh ấy đang đọc một quyển sách" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Methods
Interpreting the idiom "I'm feeling under the weather" as "Tôi thấy không được khỏe" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Method
Translating "It's raining cats and dogs" as "Trời đang mưa như trút nước" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Methods
Rendering "I'm all ears" as "Tôi đang lắng nghe" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Methods
Interpreting "It's not my cup of tea" as "Tôi không hứng thú với việc đó" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Methods
Rendering the euphemism "He kicked the bucket" as "Ông ấy đã qua đời" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Methods
Translating "She has a big house" as "Cô ấy có một ngôi nhà lớn" exemplifies which method?
Literal Translation
Sense-based Translation
Adaptation Methods
