WorksheetsDEC30182 - Quiz 2
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Which type of memory on the ATmega328P is non-volatile and used to store the user's permanent program code (sketch)?
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
Cache Memory
SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory)
Flash Memory
What is the primary role of the CPU core within the ATmega328P architecture?
To manage all digital I/O pin configurations.
To handle all external communication protocols (I2C, SPI, UART).
To perform Analog-to-Digital conversions.
To execute program instructions fetched from Flash memory.
The Arduino Uno uses an external 16 MHz crystal oscillator. What is the main benefit of using a crystal oscillator over the internal RC oscillator for the clock source?
Lower power consumption.
Significantly higher clock frequency accuracy and stability.
Higher clock speed capability.
Reduced physical size of the final product.
In the context of the ATmega328P, what are 'Fuses' (Fuse Bits)?
Special memory locations that store EEPROM data
Internal resistors that physically burn out to prevent overcurrent.
Registers used to store the current value of timers and counters.
Non-volatile configuration bits that determine fundamental chip operations.
What is the consequence of incorrectly setting the 'Brown-Out Detection' (BOD) use bit on the ATmega328P?
All communication protocols (I2C , SPI) will cease to function.
The bootloader will be erased upon the next power cycle.
The ATMega328p may execute random code when the supply voltage drops too low.
The $\text{ADC}$ will produce inconsistent readings.
How much SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory) is available on the ATmega328P microcontroller?
4KB
32KB
2KB
1KB
Which programming technique in Arduino is used to store constant string data (like error messages) in Flash memory instead of SRAM) to save volatile memory space?
The PROGMEM keyword
The static keyword.
The volatile keyword
The malloc () function
What is the range of memory addresses typically reserved for EEPROM data storage on the ATmega328P?
0x0000 to 0x03FF (EEPROM)
0x0000 to 0x7FFF (Flash)
0x0100 to 0x08FF(SRAM)
0xFF00 to 0xFFFF(Registers)
The Arduino framework uses 8-bit integer data types like byte and int. What is the bit size of the general-purpose registers (GPRs) in the ATmega328P's CPU core?
4-bit
8-bit
16-bit
32-bit
What is the purpose of the Watchdog Timer (WDT) in the ATmega328P, which is often used in robust embedded systems?
To trigger a system reset if the program gets stuck in an infinite loop.
To accurately measure time intervals in milliseconds for non-blocking code.
To count the number of times the RESET pin is toggled.
To put the microcontroller into a low-power sleep mode.
What is the typical resolution (in bits) of the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in the ATmega328P?
8-bit
10-bit
12-bit
16-bit
If an Arduino Uno is operating at 5V and the default reference voltage is used, what is the voltage step (resolution) represented by one increment of the ADC reading?
4.88mV
19.5 mV
10 mV
1 mV
Which constant is used with analogReference() to set the ADC reference to the internal 1.1 V bandgap voltage?
INTERNAL1V1
EXTERNAL
DEFAULT
VCC
What is the maximum value that can be passed to the analogWrite () function for PWM control on the Arduino Uno?
100
255
512
1023
What is the result of using a value of 127 in the analogWrite() function?
The PWM pin will be permanently LOW.
The PWM pin will be permanently HIGH
The output frequency will be exactly doubled
The duty cycle will be approximately 50% (HIGH for half the period)
Which internal component of the ATmega328P is primarily responsible for generating the PWM signal used by analogWrite()?
The EEPROM memory unit
The USART
The Timer / Counters
The ADC
In analogRead(), what is the effect of having the analog input pin connected to a large decoupling capacitor (0.1 micro-farad or more) at the ADC input?
It increase the ADC resolution to 12-bit
It slows down the conversion rate of the ADC
It helps to stabilize the input voltage and reduce noise
It changes the reference voltage of the ADC
If you are reading the output of a Photodiode that produces a very small voltage and you want maximum sensitivity, which analogReference() should you use on the Arduino Uno?
External (5V reference)
Internal2V56 (2.56V reference)
Internal1V1(1.1 V reference)
Default (5V AVCC reference)
The analogWrite() function on the Arduino Uno typically operates at a PWM frequency of about 490Hz on most pins. What effect does using a lower PWM frequency have on controlling a DC motor?
It improves the motor's efficiency due to less switching loss.
It can cause the motor to whine audibly.
It increases the maximum speed of the motor.
It increases the motor's power consumption.
What is the primary difference between a Timer and a Counter peripheral on the ATmega328P?
A Timer counts internal clock cycles, while a Counter counts external events.
A Timer can only be text while a Counter can be 16-bit.
A Counter has higher resolution than a Timer
A Timer is a hardware feature but a Counter must be implemented in software
