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Bacteria, Viruses, Microbiome

Total questions: 111

Worksheet time: 2hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What tool do scientists need to see bacteria?
a)
Telescope
b)
Microscope
c)
Magnifying glass
d)
Binoculars
2.
Which statement best describes bacteria?
a)
They are multicellular organisms
b)
They are single-celled organisms that can live almost anywhere
c)
They only live inside humans
d)
They need sunlight to survive
3.
What structure controls what materials move in and out of a bacterial cell?
a)
Capsule
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Ribosome
d)
Cell membrane
4.
Which part of a bacterial cell makes proteins?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Flagella
c)
Capsule
d)
DNA
5.
What is the purpose of the bacterial cell wall?
a)
To store nutrients
b)
To produce oxygen
c)
To give the cell shape and protection
d)
To make food for the cell
6.
What do flagella help bacteria do?
a)
Make proteins
b)
Perform respiration
c)
Move toward food or away from danger
d)
Reproduce
7.
What shape describes a bacillus bacterium?
a)
Rod-like
b)
Round
c)
Cube-shaped
d)
Spiral
8.
What do we call bacteria that must get their food from other organisms?
a)
Anaerobic
b)
Aerobic
c)
Heterotrophic
d)
Autotrophic
9.
What is binary fission?
a)
A process where one bacterium splits into two identical cells
b)
A way bacteria move using flagella
c)
A type of sexual reproduction
d)
The process of forming an endospore
10.
What is an endospore?
a)
A protein factory inside the cell
b)
A thick-walled structure that helps bacteria survive harsh conditions
c)
A type of flagella
d)
A food storage sac
11.
Who discovered the process of pasteurization?
a)
Alexander Fleming
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Robert Koch
d)
Louis Pasteur
12.
What process results in genetically different bacteria?
a)
binary fission
b)
respiration
c)
conjugation
d)
asexual reproduction
13.
Which of the following structures are always found in bacterial cells?
a)
nuclei
b)
ribosomes
c)
flagella
d)
coats
14.
Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by
a)
capturing the sun’s energy.
b)
using the energy from chemicals in their environment.
c)
consuming autotrophs and other heterotrophs.
d)
helping autotrophs make food.
15.
The term “antibiotic resistant” refers to bacteria that
a)
are resistant to a vaccine.
b)
survive in the presence of an antibiotic.
c)
are weakened and destroyed by antibiotics.
d)
are dead or altered.
16.
Many bacterial diseases can be cured using
a)
toxins.
b)
endospores.
c)
viruses.
d)
antibiotics.
17.

single celled organism that lacks a nucleus

a)

bacteria

b)

cell wall

c)

flagellum

d)

endospore

18.

a long, whip-like structure that helps a cell to move.

a)

pasteurization

b)

bacteria

c)

flagellum

d)

endospore

19.

a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacterial without changing the taste of the food.

a)

pasteurization

b)

flagellum

c)

endospore

d)

conjugation

20.

a structure produced by prokaryotes, such as bacteria, in unfavorable conditions; a thick wall encloses the DNA and some of the cytoplasm.

a)

bacteria

b)

cell wall

c)

endospore

d)

microscope

21.

a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides, forming two identical cells.

a)

binary fission

b)

conjugation

c)

decomposer

d)

pasteurization

22.

What shape are these bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

bacili

c)

spirilla

d)

linguine

23.

What shape are these bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

bacilli

c)

spirilla

d)

fusilli

24.

What shape are these bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

bacilli

c)

spirilla

d)

tortellini

25.

Cells that lack membrane bound organelles such a nucleus are called

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

26.

The scientist who discovered penicillin (a type of anitbiotic).

a)

Bill Nye

b)

Alexander Flemming

c)

Edward Jenner

d)

Bill Gates

27.

Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms

a)

true

b)

false

28.

Type of medicine used to kill bacterial infections.

a)

vaccine

b)

antibiotics

c)

pasteurization

d)

vitamins

29.

An organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

a)

antibiotics

b)

microscopic

c)

microorganism

d)

microbiome

30.

Tiny organisms made of a single cell.

a)

viruses

b)

antibiotics

c)

bacteria

d)

vaccines

31.

About how many pounds of microorganisms live on and in an average human?

a)

1

b)

5

c)

8

d)

10

32.

An invasion of harmful bacteria is called

a)

A bad day!

b)

a fever

c)

an infection

d)

an antibiotic

33.

About how many microorganisms live in and on the human body?

a)

100 trillion

b)

100 billion

c)

100 million

d)

100 gazillion

34.

All of the microorganisms that live in a particular environment, such as the human body.

a)

scale

b)

microbiome

c)

biome

d)

laboratory

35.

What does a C. jejuni bacteria do in a human gut?

a)

produces a poison

b)

helps break down food

c)

protects from harmful bacteria

d)

lines the gut with mucus

36.

The tiny structures that make up all living things and are the smallest units able to perform life functions.

a)

microorganisms

b)

organisms

c)

cells

d)

viruses

37.

Taking antibiotics changes a persons microbiome.

a)

True

b)

False

38.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
39.
True or False
The flu is caused by a virus.
a)
true
b)
false
40.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
41.
What part of a virus is the protein capsule that houses the genetic material (DNA/RNA)?
a)
tail
b)
nucleus
c)
capsid
d)
glycoprotein
42.
Which type of replication allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
active (lytic)
b)
mitosis
c)
hidden (lysogenic)
d)
cellular respiration
43.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
44.
Viruses are...
a)
prokaryotic
b)
eukaryotic
c)
non-living
d)
endospores
45.
Viruses can reproduce on their own
a)
False
b)
True
c)
Sometimes
46.
What is the main function of the projections on the surface of a virus?
a)
They aid in respiration
b)
They help the virus grow
c)
They help the virus invade its host by attaching to specific sites on the host
d)
They help the virus digest food molecules
47.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
48.
Which can be treated with antibiotics?
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteria
c)
Mutagen
d)
Parasite
49.
Which of the following is NOT a possible part of a virus?
a)
 Capsid
b)
   DNA
c)
 Nucleus
d)
RNA
50.

Viruses are prokaryotes?

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Viruses require a host to reproduce?

a)

True

b)

False

52.

Viruses are much larger than cells.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

What is a virus's protein coat called?

a)

enzymes

b)

DNA

c)

bifocal membrane

d)

capsid

54.

Which IS a LIVING organism?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Virus

55.

Made of a prokaryotic cell

a)

Bacteria

b)

Virus

56.

Can be TREATED with ANTIBIOTICS

a)

Bacteria

b)

Virus

57.

What does a vaccine do to your body?

a)

Trains your immune system to be ready to fight a particular virus

b)

Cures you of a sickness

c)

Makes you strong

d)

Makes you sick

58.
Is a virus considered living or non-living?
a)
Living
b)
Non-Living
c)
Neither
59.
What is a host?
a)
Organism that lives on the cell and causes it harm 
b)
Something that causes harm to the cell 
c)
Cell that the virus invades and takes over
60.
Which is bigger, a bacteria or a virus?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
61.
Which of the following helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
a)
Surgery
b)
Medication
c)
Vaccines
62.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
63.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?

a)

They have a nucleus

b)

They are single-celled

c)

They can survive in extreme environments

d)

They can reproduce asexually

64.

What is the main function of the cell wall in bacteria?

a)

To store genetic material

b)

To help the cell move

c)

To protect and give shape to the cell

d)

To produce energy

65.

Which scientist is known for discovering the role of bacteria in fermentation?

a)

Louis Pasteur

b)

Edward Jenner

c)

Robert Koch

d)

Alexander Fleming

66.

Edward Jenner: I developed this vaccine after observing milkmaids in the 1700s and tested it on a young boy. Which disease did I create a vaccine against?

a)

Smallpox

b)

Measles

c)

Polio

d)

Yellow fever

e)

Diphtheria

67.

Louis Pasteur: I often had to handle dangerous, infected animals to gather samples for my studies. Which disease did I create a vaccine against?

a)

Rabies

b)

Smallpox

c)

Measles

d)

Polio

e)

Yellow fever

68.

Which of the following is a method bacteria use to reproduce?

a)

Respiration

b)

Fermentation

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Binary fission

69.

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus

b)

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus

c)

Eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus

d)

Both have membrane-bound organelles

70.

Which structure helps bacteria attach to surfaces?

a)

Flagella

b)

Nucleus

c)

Pili

d)

Capsid

71.

Microscopic

a)

So small it can only be seen with a microscope.

b)

Visible to the naked eye.

c)

Larger than a grain of sand.

d)

Can be seen with a magnifying glass.

72.

Edward Jenner

a)

Created the first smallpox vaccine.

b)

Discovered penicillin.

c)

Developed the polio vaccine.

d)

Invented the microscope.

73.

Edward Jenner

a)

Created the first smallpox vaccine.

b)

Discovered penicillin.

c)

Developed the polio vaccine.

d)

Invented the microscope.

74.

Conjugation

a)

Two bacteria exchange genetic material through a bridge-like connection.

b)

Bacteria reproduce asexually by splitting in two.

c)

Bacteria absorb nutrients from their environment.

d)

Bacteria form spores to survive harsh conditions.

75.

Alexander Fleming

a)

Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic.

b)

Invented the telephone.

c)

Developed the theory of relativity.

d)

Pioneered the field of genetics.

76.

Endospore

a)

A type of bacteria that can photosynthesize.

b)

A tough protective shell bacteria form in harsh conditions.

c)

A method of bacterial reproduction.

d)

A type of virus that infects bacteria.

77.

Vaccine

a)

Substance that trains the immune system to fight viruses or bacteria.

b)

A type of medication used to treat infections.

c)

A method of diagnosing diseases through blood tests.

d)

A nutritional supplement to boost health.

78.

Sexual reproduction

a)

When a single parent produces offspring without genetic contribution from another parent.

b)

When two parents combine their genetic material to create offspring with traits from both.

c)

When organisms reproduce by cloning themselves.

d)

When offspring are produced through asexual means.

79.

Flagella

a)

Whip-like tails used for movement.

b)

Short hair-like structures for attachment.

c)

Long, rigid structures for support.

d)

Flexible membranes for nutrient absorption.

80.

Asexual reproduction

a)

one parent makes an identical copy of itself to reproduce.

b)

two parents contribute genetic material to create offspring.

c)

offspring are produced through the fusion of gametes.

d)

offspring develop from a single fertilized egg.

81.

What disease caused many outbreaks throughout history and was one of the most feared diseases in the world?

a)

Influenza

b)

Smallpox

c)

Measles

d)

Tuberculosis

82.

Antibiotic resistance

a)

When bacteria become immune to vaccines.

b)

When bacteria change and can no longer be killed by antibiotics.

c)

When antibiotics are used too frequently.

d)

When bacteria are killed by antibiotics without any change.

83.

Capsid

a)

The outer layer of a bacterial cell.

b)

The protein shell that protects a virus’s genetic material.

c)

A type of viral RNA.

d)

The enzyme that helps in viral replication.

84.

Surface Proteins

a)

The key that unlocks cell for viruses to hijack host cells.

b)

A type of lipid that forms the cell membrane.

c)

Proteins that are involved in cell signaling.

d)

Enzymes that break down cellular waste.

85.

Virus replication

a)

The process of making copies of a virus inside a host cell.

b)

The process of destroying a virus within a host cell.

c)

The process of integrating a virus into the host DNA.

d)

The process of preventing a virus from entering a host cell.

86.
Is a virus considered living or non-living?
a)
Living
b)
Non-Living
c)
Neither
87.
Which shape describes some bacterial cells?
a)
cube-shaped
b)
bullet-shaped
c)
spiral
d)
robotlike
88.

_____ are living things, such as plants, animals, and bacteria.

a)

organisms

b)

cells

c)

antibiotics

d)

infection

89.

________ is an organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

a)

microscopic

b)

microorganism

c)

visible

d)

biome

90.

_____ is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

a)

microbiome

b)

antibiotics

c)

infection

d)

microscopic

91.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
92.
Name this bacteria shape
a)
bacillus
b)
coccus
c)
spirillum
93.
Bacteria that can make their own food are called
a)

heterotrophs

b)
pathogens
c)
decomposers
d)
autotrophs
94.
What structure is used for movement?
a)
ribosomes
b)
cytoplasm
c)
flagella
d)

pili

95.

What is the name of this bacteria shape?

a)

Coccus

b)

Bacillus

c)

Spirillum

96.

What is the name of this bacteria shape?

a)

coccus

b)

bacillus

c)

spirillum

97.

What is the name of this bacteria shape?

a)

coccus

b)

bacillus

c)

spirillum

98.

If you are sick with a VIRUS, should you take antibiotics (medicine) to get rid of it?

a)

Yes

b)

No

99.

Where are bacteria located?

a)

No where.

b)

Every where!

c)

Only in the restroom.

d)

On my hands only.

100.

Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning they ________.

a)

lack a nucleus

b)

are very large

c)

contain no DNA

d)

have a cytoplasm

101.

Which of these statements is true?

a)

A virus is unicellular, it has only one cell.

b)

A virus may sometimes be multicellular, have many cells.

c)

A virus has no cells

102.

What is the name of this virus

a)

Capsule

b)

Helical

c)

Bacteriophage

d)

Teva (my dog)

103.

What is used to "cure" a virus

a)

antirbiotic

b)

Rest

c)

Vaccine

d)

Viruses have no cure

104.

Antibiotics work to cure viruses?

a)

True

b)

False

105.
Which is smaller, a virus or a bacteria?
a)
virus
b)
bacteria
106.

Medicines that kill microorganisms, especially bacteria

a)

antibiotics

b)

bacteria

c)

cells

d)

claim

107.

Tiny organisms that are made of a single cell

a)

antibiotics

b)

bacteria

c)

cells

d)

claim

108.

What bacteria listed below can be helpful in the human gut?

a)

L. reuteri

b)

E. coli

c)

B. fragilis

d)

All of the above

109.

Select all of the bacteria below that can cause infections in the human gut.

a)

L. reuteri

b)

C. jejuni

c)

B. fragilis

d)

C. difficile

110.

tiny organisms that are made of a single cell.

a)

viruses

b)

antibiotics

c)

bacteria

d)

vaccines

111.

About how many microorganisms live in and on the human body?

a)

100 trillion

b)

100 billion

c)

100 million

d)

100 gazillion

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6th Grade