WorksheetsT-Level Eng - Materials & Properties Flash Cards
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion (α)?
The rate at which a material expands or contracts when subject to a change in temperature; measured in °C⁻¹.
The measure of a material's resistance to deformation under stress.
The temperature at which a material changes from solid to liquid.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What is electrical resistivity (ρ)?
The ability of a material to conduct electricity; measured in Ω m.
The ability of a material to resist the flow of electricity; measured in Ω m.
The measure of how easily electricity flows through a material; measured in S/m.
The resistance of a material to thermal energy; measured in J/K.
What is ultimate tensile strength (UTS)?
Maximum stress a material can withstand before necking and fracture.
The minimum stress required to cause permanent deformation.
The stress at which a material begins to yield.
The stress required to break a material completely.
What are thermoplastic polymers?
Polymers that harden permanently when heated.
Polymers that soften when heated and can be moulded before cooling and reharden.
Polymers that do not change shape under heat.
Polymers that are only used in cold applications.
What is density (ρ)?
The amount of energy in a substance per unit mass; measured in J kg⁻¹.
The mass (m) of material contained per unit volume (V); measured in kg m⁻³.
The total weight of an object divided by its surface area; measured in N m⁻².
The volume of a substance divided by its temperature; measured in m³ K⁻¹.
What is corrosion?
A process of painting materials to protect them from damage.
Gradual deterioration of a material due to chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment.
A method of strengthening metals through heat treatment.
The process of combining different metals to create an alloy.
What are mechanical properties of materials?
Characteristics that define the behaviour of a material in response to an applied stress.
The ability of a material to conduct electricity.
The aesthetic appearance of a material.
The temperature at which a material melts.
What is malleability?
The ability of a material to undergo permanent plastic deformation under compressive stress without failure.
The ability of a material to return to its original shape after deformation.
The ability of a material to conduct electricity efficiently.
The ability of a material to resist deformation under tensile stress.
What is hardenability?
A measure of a metal's ability to resist deformation under stress.
Qualitative indication of whether heat treatment can alter the crystalline structure of a metal alloy to increase its hardness.
The process of adding carbon to steel to improve its strength.
A quantitative measure of the hardness of a metal alloy.
What is a tensile test?
A test to measure the compressive strength of a material.
A test used to determine the tensile strength, ductility, and elastic limit of a material by stretching it until failure.
A test to evaluate the thermal conductivity of a material.
A test to assess the hardness of a material.
What are alloys?
Materials comprising two or more metals in solid solution with one another.
A type of pure metal used in construction.
A mixture of gases used in welding processes.
A form of liquid metal used in casting.
What is compressive strength?
The ability of a material to resist tensile stress.
The maximum squeezing or compressive stress a material can withstand before failure.
The measure of a material's resistance to bending.
The amount of force a material can withstand before breaking.
What are elastomers?
Rigid polymers that do not deform easily.
Flexible polymers consisting of tangled long-chain molecules that can undergo large elastic deformations and return to shape.
Polymers that are only used in construction materials.
Synthetic materials that are always brittle and break easily.
What are composites?
Materials made up of a mixture or combination of distinctly different materials that work together to provide improved mechanical properties.
Single-element materials that have uniform properties.
Materials that are only made from natural substances.
Composites are materials that cannot be combined with others.
What is hardness?
The ability of a material to conduct electricity.
How well a material resists surface indentation, scratching, or abrasion.
The measure of a material's density.
The temperature at which a material melts.
What is tensile strength?
The ability of a material to resist compression forces.
The maximum pulling or tensile stress a material can withstand before failure; measured in N m⁻² (Pa).
The measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity.
The amount of force required to bend a material.
What is annealing?
A process that hardens a metal by rapid cooling.
A heat-treatment process that softens a metal and relieves internal stresses by heating and then slowly cooling.
A method of shaping metal using high pressure.
A technique for joining two metals together using heat.
What is specific heat capacity (c)?
The quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 °C; measured in J kg⁻¹ °C⁻¹.
The amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 °C; measured in J L⁻¹ °C⁻¹.
The total heat energy contained in a substance at a given temperature; measured in J.
The heat energy required to convert 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point; measured in J kg⁻¹.
What are non-crystalline materials?
Solids in which atoms lack a regular ordered internal structure.
Materials that have a perfectly ordered atomic arrangement.
Liquids that can flow freely without any structure.
Gases that have a fixed shape and volume.
What is necking?
A process of elongation in brittle materials during compression.
Local reduction in cross-sectional area in a ductile material undergoing tensile loading prior to fracture.
An increase in the cross-sectional area of a material under tensile stress.
The phenomenon of material hardening during cooling.
