Moving upward in pitch.

Moving downward in pitch.

Staying at the same pitch.

Changing pitch randomly.

Positions sounds within the stereo field (left/right/center). Creates a sense of space and separation in the mix.

Adjusts the volume of sounds in a mix.

Modulates the pitch of sounds in a mix.

Applies effects to sounds in a mix.

A rapid succession of notes played in a sequence.

A smooth, expressive slide between two notes, often used in singing and on string instruments; more subtle than a glissando.

A technique used to play notes in a staccato manner.

A method of playing notes with a strong emphasis on rhythm.

A technique that removes existing tracks from a recording.

A method of adding new recordings over existing tracks, creating layered, fuller-sounding music.

A process that compresses audio files for easier storage.

A way to enhance the volume of a single track without adding new recordings.

Produces a natural human voice without any modification.

Blends a human voice with a synthesized tone. Produces a robotic or electronic vocal sound.

Is a device used for recording live performances.

Enhances the clarity of spoken words in a recording.

Mixes a sound with a slightly delayed, changing copy. Produces a sweeping, 'whooshing' effect.

Creates a static sound that remains constant over time.

Amplifies the sound to create a louder output.

Adds a reverb effect to the sound, making it echo.

The distance between two pitches, measured by the number of letter names or scale degrees between them (e.g., a third, a fifth, an octave).

A type of musical scale that consists of seven notes.

A technique used to create harmony in music composition.

A method of tuning musical instruments.

A technique to produce a steady pitch

Slight, rapid pitch variation in a note. Adds emotion and liveliness.

A method of playing notes in a staccato manner

A way to increase the volume of a note

Notes of a chord played simultaneously

Notes of a chord played one after another, rather than simultaneously — often heard as a 'broken chord.'

A type of scale played in reverse order

A technique for playing chords with a rapid succession of notes

Alters the signal by clipping it and adding harmonics. Creates a gritty, powerful sound.

Enhances the signal by smoothing it out and reducing noise.

Modulates the signal to create a clean and clear output.

Compresses the signal to increase its dynamic range.

Moving upward in pitch.

Moving downward in pitch.

Staying at the same pitch.

Changing pitch randomly.

A rapid succession of notes played in a sequence.

A continuous slide between two notes, passing smoothly through the pitches in between — often used on instruments like the harp, trombone, or voice.

A technique of playing notes in a staccato manner.

A method of playing a single note with varying intensity.

A melodic movement that progresses mainly by small intervals, typically by steps between adjacent notes (e.g., C–D–E).

A melodic movement that jumps between notes, often creating a wide intervallic leap.

A rhythmic pattern that emphasizes the off-beat in music.

A harmonic progression that resolves tension through dissonance.

Simulates the natural echo and reflections of sound in a space. Adds depth and ambience; makes sound feel spacious.

A technique used to amplify sound in a live performance.

A method for reducing background noise in recordings.

A type of sound effect that creates a sense of distance.

The general pitch range of a voice or instrument (e.g., low, middle, or high register).

A type of musical scale used in composition.

A method of recording sound in a studio.

A term used to describe the tempo of a piece of music.

An interval spanning eight notes, where the higher note has double the frequency of the lower one — for example, from one C to the next C above or below.

A musical scale consisting of seven notes, where the first and last notes are the same.

A type of musical chord that consists of three notes played simultaneously.

A rhythmic pattern that repeats every four beats.

Records instruments/vocals on separate tracks. Allows mixing control and balance of parts.

Records all instruments and vocals on a single track for simplicity.

Is a method used for live performances without any recording.

Involves recording only vocals without any instrumental accompaniment.