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WorksheetsSea Rescue Base (SRB) SECTION 2 & 3
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 34mins
What is the main role of the Sea Rescue Base (SRB)?
Part of Airport Emergency Service in ARFF
Coastal and offshore emergency response near Changi Airport
Emergency Coastal response for Changi Airport
Rescue and Fire Fighting
What is the primary objective during an aircraft crash at sea?
Rescue casualties in distress
Rapid rescue and casualty stabilisation
Media briefing
Fire Fighting and save lives
Why is coordination with SCDF Marine Division critical?
Both agencies working together
To ensure unified response in maritime incidents
SCDF has many resources
AES requires the support for aircraft incidents
SRB’s operational scope includes:
Inland flood rescue only
Offshore and coastal aviation-related emergencies
Retail fire drills
Aircraft fuelling
Communication during vessel operations relies on:
VHF radio channels
AES Frequencies
Marine Channels
Loudhailers only
Surface water rescue prioritises:
Evidence collection
Rapid extraction and medical transfer
Fuel spill documentation
Vessel photography
What is the primary purpose of adopting CFO?
To reduce fuel consumption
To ensure tactical positioning for firefighting and rescue
To response as a unit
To ensure all vessels in position
Who coordinates CFO vessel formation?
Duty OPC / FWO
SCDF Commander
Duty FSSGT
Duty Officer
Firefighting approach aims to:
Push small fire away from fuselage
Insulate and isolate fire away from fuselage
Burn off fuel
Delay until SCDF arrives
Rescue tactics depend on fuselage integrity. Which is NOT a listed condition?
Intact
Broken into segments
Submerged
Partial Submerged
What is the first responsibility of the OSC upon arrival?
Begin casualty tagging
Size-up the situation and confirm hazards
Size up and conduct rescue
Size up and deploy additional vessels
What is the safest entry method for rescuers into water from a vessel?
Jump head-first
Controlled feet-first entry with PPE and tether
Controlled feet-first entry with tether
Do not enter feet first
What is the key safety consideration during search pattern operations?
Maintain high speed for quick coverage
Avoid overlapping search legs
Keep lookout for debris and survivors while preventing collision
Ignore weather conditions
Which search pattern uses overlapping legs to ensure no gaps in coverage?
Parallel Track
Creeping Line
Expanding Square
Barrier Search
What is the main factor when choosing a search pattern?
Last known position and numbers of casualties
Area size, visibility, and last known position
Area size and visibility
Area size, visibility, and numbers of casualties
Which search pattern is ideal for long, narrow areas such as coastlines?
Parallel Track
Expanding Square
Sector Search
Spiral Search
When the last known position of an aircraft is uncertain, which pattern is recommended?
Expanding Square
Sector Search
Creeping Line
Point-to-Point
Which search pattern is most suitable for a small, well-defined crash site?
Expanding Square
Parallel Sweep
Sector Search
Barrier Search
What is the primary purpose of a search pattern in SRB and vessel operations?
To improve fuel efficiency
To systematically cover an area for locating survivors or debris
To maintain formation discipline
According to IAMSAR, search pattern is crucial for search and rescue operations
Which statement best describes AES’s core responsibility over water?
Firefighting only
Rescue only
Firefighting and rescue within the defined AES turnout area
Environmental protection only
The AES turnout area includes an arc centered at Changi Control Tower with a radius of:
5 NM between 090° and 210°
10 NM between 80° and 212°
12 NM between 70° and 220°
8 NM between 100° and 200°
Which feature most characterizes a “ditch” scenario?
High altitude, high speed, controls lost
Low altitude, slow speed, critical controls available
Unknown location, deep waters, fuselage breakage
Immediate submersion with no debris
In a “crash” scenario, the fuselage is most likely:
Broken or submerged in shallow waters
Partially submerged with no debris
Broken or submerged in deeper waters
Partially submerged in shallow and deep water
Which document is cited for search and rescue pattern guidance?
ICAO Annex 13
IAMSAR Manual
NFPA 1006
FAA Part 139 Advisory Circular
Which three reference locations aid SRB response time computation?
Paku Buoy, Padang Buoy, Perimbi
Paku Buoy, Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal, 2 NM south of Mano Buoy
North Angler, Tanah Merah, Mano Buoy
Paku Buoy, Seletar and Padang
Sea Command’s tactical role includes:
Drone deployment only
Firefighting on fuselage, command & control, search coordination
Liferaft packing at SRB only
Towing vessels to datum
ICAO reaction time target in the SRB context is:
≤ 90 seconds
≤ 60 seconds
≤ 45 seconds
≤ 30 seconds
The “reaction time” clock starts from:
Crash siren activation to craft leaving jetty with crew on board
Crash siren activation to craft leaving jetty with crew on board and engine started
Crew muster at station to vessel castoff
Craft leaving jetty with crew on board and engine started
Northern Approach Standby Position (NSP) for Changi runways 20R/20C/20L corresponds to:
Grid 5817B near Padang Buoy
Grid 0023A near Paku Buoy
Grid 5325A near Perembi Buoy
Grid 1133C near Mano Buoy
Southern Approach Standby Position (SSP) for runways 02L/02C/02R is near:
Padang Buoy (Grid 5817B)
Paku Buoy (Grid 0023A)
Perembi Buoy (Grid 5325A)
Mano Buoy (Grid 9001A)
Seletar Standby Position (Runway 21) is located near:
Paku Buoy – Grid 0023A
Padang Buoy – Grid 5817B
Perembi Buoy – Grid 5325A
Mano Buoy – Grid 1133C
When fuselage is intact, liferafts should be deployed:
Upstream of fuselage
Downstream of fuselage (in drift path)
At SRB jetty only
Beside Sea Command’s beam
In multi segment fuselage scenarios, AES crew should:
Focus first on the larger segment and direct able-bodied passengers downstream into water
Leave passengers inside until all fires are extinguished
Prioritize able-bodied passengers
Attempt towing all segments immediately
When fuselage is submerged and no surface signs exist, the first step is to:
Place a marker buoy at datum and begin random sector searches
Place a marker buoy at datum and obtain RCC coordinates for the search area
Place a marker buoy at datum and send RCC coordinates for the search area
Place a marker buoy at datum and wait for RCC to send coordinates for the search area
Which search pattern is recommended when AOP is large and target location is poorly established?
Sector
Parallel Track
Expanding Square
Barrier
Creeping Line differs from Parallel Track because its legs are oriented:
Along the long axis
At right angles to the major axis of the search area
As circles around datum
Randomly to maximize coverage
Expanding Square is best used when:
Datum is well established and AOP is small
Datum is unknown and AOP is large
Sector Search has a very high Probability of Detection but is limited when:
Leg lengths exceed 3× sweep width, causing gaps
Datum is not established
There are multiple vessels
Sea state is rough
Two vessel Expanding Square execution requires:
Simultaneous leg starts to maximize speed
Second vessel offset 45° to starboard with timing separation to avoid collision
Second vessel offset 90° port without delay
Second vessel mirroring first on identical headings
Communication with marine agencies uses:
Marine Channel 7 (main) and Channel 13 (alternate)
Marine Channel 13 (main) and Channel 21 (alternate)
Marine Channel 21 (main) and Channel 7 (alternate)
AES Frequency only
AES communications overview lists an air coordination frequency with RSAF of:
118.7 MHz
123.1 MHz
121.5 MHz
130.0 MHz
Arrowhead formation discipline includes:
Abrupt heading changes to test following craft
Reduced speed for heading changes, clear comms from lead, approx. one boat length separation
No separation to maintain cohesion
Trail vessels to maintain radio silence
CAFHI jetty fuel spillage incident management thresholds specify:
CAFHI IM ≥ 1000 L
MPA IM < 1000 L
CAFHI IM < 1000 L; MPA IM ≥ 1000 L
AES IM regardless of volume
For a fire outbreak at CAFHI jetty, AES should first:
Evacuate personnel and craft away from jetty
Evacuate personnel and craft away from jetty, prevent impingement on pipelines/structure, then coordinate/handover to SCDF
Evacuate personnel and craft away from jetty, to prevent fire from spreading proceed with fire fighting
Await SCDF before acting
Marine incidents (vessel/infrastructure fire, man overboard) within AES boundary:
Are always handled by MPA only
AES SRB is first responder and hands over to SCDF Marine Command (CDMC) on arrival
Require immediate airport closure
Are outside AES scope
CAAS DVORDME offshore installations requiring AES response are located at:
Lazarus Island only
Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong Kechil (Lazarus is outside AES turnout area)
Pulau Ubin, Tekong Kechil, and Lazarus all within AES area
Seletar Slipway only
Rogue vessel interception in Serangoon Channel involves:
AES Command Boat proceeding to coordinates from MPA, identifying vessel, requesting next actions, then handing over to MPA
AES Command Boat proceeding to coordinates from PCG, identifying vessel, requesting next actions, then handing over to SCDF
AES Command Boat proceeding to coordinates from PCG, identifying vessel, requesting next actions, then handing over to MPA
AES vessels towing the vessel to SRB
Which factor most influences the selection of a search pattern during SRB operations?
Strong currents and drift
Tidal current direction and expected drift path
Low and high tide
Upstream and down stream
Which of the following is NOT a main point of concern for SRB response time?
Paku Buoy
Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal
2NM south of Mano Buoy
Angler Buoy
When should the transfer of casualties in hazardous sea conditions be attempted?
Whenever possible
Only if absolutely necessary
During training
Never
Which lifting aids may be used to assist in transferring a casualty?
Fibre light cradle or scramble net
Fire hose
Life jacket only
None are allowed
What is a key safety factor during the transfer of a casualty between vessels?
Minimise movement between vessels
Transfer as quickly as possible
Only use verbal communication
Allow the casualty to move independently
What is the recommended speed and approach for vessels during a casualty transfer?
High speed, direct approach
Slow, controlled speed with operational engines and steering
Which offshore installation is outside AES turnout area and requires SCDF/MPA assistance?
Pulau Ubin
Pulau Tekong Kechil
Lazarus Island
Seletar Slipway
Pulau Ubin DVOR-DME coordinates recorded in CESOM are closest to:
1°25′23.8″N, 103°55′59.5″E
1°13′21.1″N, 103°51′14.6″E
1°24′55.3″N, 104°01′19.6″E
1°20′10.0″N, 104°05′10.0″E
Which offshore installation is listed at GPS1 Grid Square 0124D?
Pulau Ubin
Pulau Tekong Kechil
Which statement about the rescue pole aligns with AES practice?
Slower than throw bag
Extends to 13 m in seconds and is faster than inflating hose; uses sliding hi-vis float on the 13 m pole
Must be used only from land
Requires two operators always
What is the advised maximum load on a scramble net when recovering unconscious casualties?
150 kg
≤ 300 kg
450 kg
No limit
Which statement is true of the fibre light cradle in this concept?
Used only as ladder
Scramble net/stretcher; post-use freshwater rinse required
Must be inflated before use
Hand-use only from shore
In AES water-rescue concept, why are life rafts deployed downstream of the fuselage?
To allow evacuating passengers to swim different direction
To allow evacuating passengers to drift naturally towards safe collection points
To allow evacuating passengers to swim towards safe collection points
To allow evacuating passengers to rush towards safe collection points
Which equipment combination correctly supports the “reach/throw” priority?
Fins and mask
Ring buoy, rescue pole, throw bag
Dive scooter and tether line
Thermal blanket and stretcher only
When managing a raft containing mixed P1/P2/P3 casualties, the next operational priority after boarding is to:
Re-deploy rafts to another sector
Transfer ashore via landing point/CCS as mutual aid arrives
Begin advanced medical care on raft
Move rafts up-current for comfort
During high debris and cold-water conditions, which tactic best aligns with the concept?
Live-bait entry
Deploy throw bags and rescue pole from the boat
Which statement best reflects AES’s risk posture for entering the water?
Enter early to reassure casualties
Enter only after all raft capacity is exhausted
Entering is last resort, used only when necessary and manpower allows
Never enter
What is the main disadvantage of the lifesaving backstroke during towing?
High energy demand
Poor propulsion
No forward visibility
Difficult to maintain airway
In the crash case, fuselage condition is more likely to be:
Intact
Broken or submerged
Unaffected
Pressurized
After life rafts are positioned, what is the preferred way AES rescuers interact with casualties in the water?
Enter water immediately
Use ring buoys, rescue pole, fibre light cradle, throw bags from the vessel
Swim alongside and push to shore
Deploy divers from shore
In AES’s water-rescue concept, what is the primary tactical enabler used to manage large survivor counts with an initial crew of six?
Immediate swimmer deployment
Strategic life raft deployment to remove survivors from water quickly
Towing survivors one-by-one
Beaching aircraft fuselage
In a ditch, fuselage integrity is:
Typically destroyed
More likely intact
Always submerged
Not considered
The Seletar Standby Position grid reference is:
5325A
5817B
5625A
5235B
The SSP grid reference listed is:
0023A
5817B
5325A
0124D
When applying foam on the water surface, the flow should aim to:
Spread upstream
Drive agent across the surface, pushing fire/fuel away from fuselage
Form mounds
Jet into the slick
Before transferring a casualty between vessels, which environmental factor should be considered?
Colour of the vessel
Visibility, wind speed, sea state, current, and weather conditions
Number of crew on board
Type of rescue equipment used
Tactical positioning should account for:
Wave height only
Current speed and direction (drift)
Tide and current
Current and vessel positioning
Why might SRB crew need to transfer casualties from one vessel to another during water rescue operations?
To practice teamwork
Due to limited resources, medical facilities, or space on board
To test vessel speed
For training new crew only
Pocket fires typically occur:
Upstream of the fuselage
Downstream, away from the fuselage
A crash (as contrasted to ditch) is associated with:
Slow speed near shoreline
High altitude/fast speed and loss of critical flight controls
Controlled low-energy touchdown
Engine spool-down only
When pocket fires impede tactical positioning for rescue, the fireboat should:
Keep station and proceed with rescue anyway
Abandon scene
Perform firefighting first, then commence rescue
Call off operations
With broken fuselage segments, AES initially focuses on:
The smallest piece
The larger segment, directing able-bodied to evacuate downstream and assisting P1/P2
Upwind raft first
Debris collection
Crash locations are expected in:
Shallows along glide path
Deeper waters with unknown impact point
Inside lagoons only
In harbours only
Upon receiving DVOR fire alarm, who decides more vessels/manpower to support SRB?
Duty Officer
OPC
Dy Commander
AOG
DVOR-DME operational significance means AES must consider:
Navigational impacts if operations are jeopardized
Only local building codes
No operational concern
Passenger amenities
If the affected installation is Lazarus Island (outside AES turnout area), AES should:
Deploy full fleet regardless
Seek assistance from SCDF or MPA to respond
Ignore
Move by land only
When a CAAS offshore installation alarm triggers, WRO should:
Log only, await daylight
Activate at least one AES vessel; OPC decides on additional assets as needed
Inform airline first
Defer to MPA exclusively
In pocket fires drifting away from fuselage, AES should:
Ignore always
Monitor drift and direct SCDF Marine to perform firefighting upon arrival; extinguish if tactical positioning is impeded
Attack aggressively, regardless of priorities
Push toward fuselage for suppression
For marine incidents within AES area (vessel fires, man overboard), AES SRB acts as:
Media liaison first
First responder, then handover to SCDF Marine Division upon arrival
Only logistics provider
No response
The hazard noted for prolonged burning at CAFHI Jetty is:
Paint damage only
Structural integrity weakening/collapse risk
Slip hazard
Noise
First AES action upon fire outbreak at the jetty is to:
Continue bunkering
Evacuate personnel and craft away from jetty, then inform OPC and decide on next actions
Hold position and observe
Foam only
If the estimated spillage is > 1000 L, who assumes the IM role?
CAFHI
MPA
SCDF
AES
In a fuel spillage at CAFHI Jetty, if estimated volume is < 1000 L, the Incident Manager (IM) is:
MPA
SCDF
CAFHI
AES
For ditching along runway glide-paths, proximity is often:
Far offshore
Close to shore
Inland
Port limit only
For mass-casualty marine incidents, AES initial dispatch may include:
Sea Command only
RIB only
Sea Command, Ocean Commander, and Rapid 1
None until SCDF arrives
Under the SCDF-CAG MOU, for fire-only marine incidents within AES boundary, AES shall:
Decline response
Dispatch up to 1 sea asset (type depends on magnitude)
Dispatch all three assets by default
Only provide aerial overwatch
CFO separation discipline requires trailing vessels to maintain approximately:
Two hull lengths
10 m fixed gap
One boat length from the lead as a buffer for side-slip effects
Varies only with wind
The datum point must be:
Ignored in fast currents
Marked with a buoy and broadcast to all assets; used to anchor sector plans
Used only for land crashes
Kept confidential
Which MPA emergency VHF channel pair is specified?
Ch 13 (156.350/160.950 MHz) and Ch 21 (156.65 MHz)
Ch 7 (156.350/160.950 MHz) and Ch 13 (156.65 MHz)
For DVOR-DME fires, what suppression feature is on-site?
CO₂ handhelds only
Total flooding system inside the building
No built-in systems
AFFF sprinklers only
When a DVOR-DME alarm indicates fire risk at Pulau Ubin, the first action is for WRO to:
Await independent verification
Activate at least one AES vessel to respond; OPC decides on more support
Call media
Defer until daytime
Why is sidestroke recommended for prolonged swims?
Allows head above water with minimal effort
Provides fastest propulsion
Enables underwater approach
Reduces drag for towing
What is the primary advantage of using a Parallel Track search pattern?
It is suitable for rough waters
It minimizes overlap
It covers large areas quickly
It is easy to execute
