Well developed at birth, expression is very weak on McLeod phenotype cells

expression is dependent upon the presence of the Kx protein

It is present on all RBCs except those of the rare McLeod phenotype

K0 and Kmod phenotype RBCs have increased __ antigen

It is the most common antibody encountered in blood bank

It is the most common antibody encountered in blood bank

It is made in response to antigen exposure through pregnancy and transfusion

It is associated with severe hemolytic disease of the newborn

Anti-K is usually __ and reactive in the antiglobulin phase

Antibodies are rare because so few people are exposed to the antigen

Most often detected through unexpected incompatible crossmatches or cases of HDN

rare, because so few people lack the antigen

Male, inheritance is X-linked through a carrier mother

Rare phenotype with decreased Kell system antigen expression and abnormal RBC morphology, which has been associated with X-linked CGD, which is rare disorder affecting only males

RBCs lack Kx and Km, and have marked depression of all other Kell antigens

K0 RBCs lack expression of all Kell antigens

mmunized individuals with the K0 phenotype typically make an antibody called __ that recognizes the “universal” Kell antigen (Ku) present on all RBCs except K0

Named for Mr. Duffy, a multiply transfused hemophiliac who in 1950 was found to have the first described example of anti-Fya

Members of the superfamily of chemokine receptors DARC

Named after Mrs. Kidd, whose infant had HDFN

It is found in the donor named Lutteran

The antigens are either high prevalence, so only a few people lack the antigen and can make an alloantibody, or very low prevalence, so that only a few people are ever exposed

Antigens have not been detected on platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes

Drug-induced Autoantibody associated with ___ on patient receiving Aldomet/Methyldopa and another was chlorpropamide-dependent

glycoproteins is widely distributed in tissue: brain, lung, pancreas, placenta, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes

It is composed of 22 antigens; three sets of independent pairs of antithetical antigens

antigen has served as a useful tool in anthropologic studies of Mongolian ancestry

Antigens are located on the anion exchanger (AE1) or solute carrier family-4 anion exchanger, member 1 (SLC4A1)

Associated with hereditary spherocytosis, acanthocytosis, and southeast asian ovalocytosis

Identified on fetal red cells as early as 6 weeks gestational age and well developed at birth

Destroyed by common proteolytic enzymes

Resistant to Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax

Found in the serum of an Fy(a–b–)

not destroyed by enzymes

Antibody activity is enhanced in a low ionic strength medium

Some examples show dosage effect

the most common antibody found in Duffy

Do not react with enzyme treated cells

Have a notorious reputation in the blood bank; usually IgG but may also be partly IgM

It shows dosage effect; Common cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions, especially of the delayed type, although intravascular hemolysis has been noted in server reactions, coated RBCs more often are removed extravascularly

Experienced technologists recognize Lutheran antibodies by their characteristic loose, MIXED-FIELD reactivity in a test tube

Antibody is made in response to pregnancy or transfusion

It has been implicated with shortened survival of transfused cells and posttransfusion jaundice

a rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs except Lu(a–b–) RBCs

The antibody looks like inseparable anti-Luab and recognizes a common antigen, Lu3, that is present whenever Lua or Lub is present

Anti- Fya and Anti-Fyb are usually __ and react best at the antiglobulin phase

Anti-Lua is mostly __, naturally occurring saline agglutinins that react better at room temperature than at 37°C

Anti-Lub most examples are __ and reactive at 37°C

Commonly found on RBCs of most individuals

Not denatured by papain or ficin

It is an IgG antiglobulin-reactive antibody that looks like an inseparable anti-Jka Jkb

It has been associated with severe immediate and delayed HTRs and with mild HDFN

Although the antigens have been detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 to 12 weeks of gestation, they are poorly developed at birth

HDFN is rare and only mild at birth

Lutheran glycoprotein on placental tissue may result in adsorption of maternal antibodies to Lutheran antigens, thus decreasing the likelihood of HDFN

has been detected in fetal RBCs as early as 11 weeks

has been detected at 7 weeks

high incidence antigen

low incidence antigen

The Cartwright (Yt) system consists of which antigens?

Yt antigens are antithetical and differ by:

The RBC protein associated with the Yt antigens is:

Expression of the Xga antigen differs between sexes because:

Approximately what percentage of FEMALES express Xga?

Approximately what percentage of MALES express Xga?

The Xga antigen is carried on a protein homologous to:

Anti-Xga antibodies are usually:

The Scianna blood group system contains which antigens?

The gene for the Scianna blood group is found on:

The protein product of the SC gene is:

Sc2 antigen is more common in which population?

Sc2 prevalence of 1% is characteristic of:

The very rare Scianna phenotype Sc:–1,–2,–3 is known as:

Antigens are carried on a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 attached to the RBC membrane by a GPI anchor

Antibodies are described as IgG, red cell-stimulated antibodies that react primarily in IAT with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or enzyme enhancement - not associated with HDN, but reported to cause delayed transfusion reaction

Antigens are carried on an integral membrane protein, aquaporin 1, which accounts for 80% of water reabsorption in the kidneys

antigens have been located on the transport protein known as channel-forming integral protein (CHIP), which forms the primary erythrocyte water channel and is responsible for water permeability

Formerly the rabbit anti-Rh

Antibody reacts strongly with D+ RBCs, weakly with D- RBCs from adults, and not at all with Rhnull RBCs

The structure that carries the __ antigens is a glycoprotein known as intracellular adhesion molecule 4 (ICAM-4), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily

antigens are not intrinsic to the RBC membrane, rather, they are on the fourth component of the complement (C4), and are adsorbed onto RBCs from plasma

could be neutralized by plasma

antigens are inherited on chromosome 2 and are expressed on glycophorins (GPC) and/or D (GPD)

Yus

Leach type

Anti-Ge2 or anti-Ge3

Anti-Ge2

Gerbich

Antigens are carried by decay accelerating factor, which is involved with the regulation of complement activation by accelerating the decay of the C3 and C5 convertase

DAF is strongly expressed on placental tissue and will adsorb ___ antibodies

Alleles for the __ blood group have been located on chromosome 1, with the antigens residing on complement receptor 1

Helgeson phenotype represents the serologic null phenotype for the __ blood group

In antigens are carried on the hematopoietic isoform of the CD44 marker, which is known for its immune adhesion properties

antibodies are characterized as IgG, red cell stimulated, and reactive in IAT

Antigens are carried on CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that mainly functions as receptors and adhesion molecules

Basigin is a receptor essential for invasion by Plasmodium falciparum

MER2 is the only antigen

MER2 is located on CD151, a tetraspanin, which appears to be essential for the assembly of basement membranes in the kidney and skin

protein is the GPI-linked glycoprotein CD108

MER2 is located on?

JMH protein is the GPI-linked glycoprotein

does not have Rh blood group antigens; however, its presence in a complex with the Rh proteins is essential for Rh antigen expression

Absence due to inactivating mutations results in the Rhnull phenotype; while some missense mutations here result in the Rhmod phenotype

glycosphingolipid was first thought to be a subgroup of A called Apae

The GBGTI gene produces glycosyltransferase, which causes the formation of the Forssman glycolipid by the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to the P antigen

can serve as a receptor for pathogens such as Escherichia coli, making one believe that human cells that express the FORS1 may have an increased susceptibility to E. coli infection

a high-prevalence antigen in most populations; the Jr(a–) phenotype is found more commonly in Japanese

The gene ABCG2 is located on chromosome 4 at position 4q22.1. The encoded protein, ABCG2, is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporters broadly distributed throughout the body. It is involved in multidrug resistance in tumor cells, presenting a problem in chemotherapy

ene, ABCB6, located on chromosome 2 at position 2q36, encodes another of the ATP-binding cassette transporters.4 ABCB6 functions in heme synthesis with the ATP-dependent uptake of heme and porphyrins into mitochondria

Absence of SMIM1, a single pass integral membrane protein

▪ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia caused by a mutation in the GPI-linker gene. PNH patients are deficient in all GPIlinked proteins, including ---

First described in 1967 in the serum of a black woman named Mrs. Augustine

Located on the prion protein (PrPC) classically associated with Creutzfeuldt-Jakob disease

Associated with HLA class I antigens

The soluble form of Sda is Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein found in urine

a high-prevalence antigen named for Sid, who was the head of the maintenance department at the Lister Institute in London

Antibody is an IgM agglutinin reactive at room temperature, but it can be detected in the indirect antiglobulin test and does not react with cord RBCs

Reactivity is described as small, refractile (shiny) agglutinates in a sea of free RBCs

Widely expressed on human tissues, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets

The human neutrophil antigen HNA3 is located on

Alloantibodies to HNA3a have been associated with several cases of transfusionrelated acute lung injury (TRALI)

a GPI-linked complement-regulatory glycoprotein also known as the membrane inhibitor of lysis (MIRL)