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Worksheets

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis

Total questions: 255

Worksheet time: 8hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This enzyme is capable of breaking Hydrogen bonds found between the bases of DNA

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Helicase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Exonuclease

2.
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
a)
Cut the DNA 
b)
Make more cells
c)
Apoptosis
d)
Duplicate the DNA
3.
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
a)
Nitrogen bases
b)
Amino acids
c)
Double H
d)
Sugar & Phosphate
4.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
5.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
6.

Each DNA molecule created contain one NEW strand and one OLD strand

a)

True

b)

False

7.

Okazaki fragments are found on the _______________ strand

a)

Leading

b)

Lagging

8.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
9.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
10.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
11.

Place the following in sequential order
1. Two new strands, each with old and new
2. Helicase "unzips" DNA by breaking H bonds
3. Primase shows Polymerase where to add nucleotides
4. Ligase joins new fragments together

a)
1, 2, 3, 4
b)
3, 4, 2, 1
c)
3, 2, 4, 1
d)
2, 3, 4, 1
12.
Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
13.
What are the gaps between the newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?
a)
Okazaki fragments
b)
Polymer gaps
c)
Helicase fragments
d)
Acidic gaps
14.
3' and 5' refer to...
a)
How effectively the helicase works
b)
What direction the nucleotides are pointing
c)
Where the RNA primer attaches
d)
Okazaki's famous experiment
15.

Which of the strands will have okazaki fragments?

A
B
16.
This image shows that DNA Replication is _______.
a)
Conservative
b)
Semiconservative
c)
Dispersive
d)
Spontaneous
17.

Match the following

a)

Helicase

1.

The unzipper

b)

Primase

2.

Tells where to start

c)

DNA Polymerase

3.

Builds the new strand

d)

Ligase

4.

Glues fragments together

18.

Match the following DNA strands to their complementary strands:

a)

5' - TTTA - 3'

1.

5' - AAAT - 3'

b)

5' - CTAG - 3'

2.

5' - GATC - 3'

c)

5' - AGCC - 3'

3.

5' - TCGG - 3'

d)

5' - AGGA - 3'

4.

5' - TCCT - 3'

e)

5' - TCGA - 3'

5.

5' - AGCT - 3'

19.

In DNA Replication, the enzyme ​ (a)   unzips the DNA and the enzyme DNA ​ (b)   base-pairs ​ (c)   nucleotides. ​ (d)   glues two new ladders together.

Choose from the below words
helicase
polymerase
complimentary
Ligase
Lactase
ATP
S-phase
20.

Label the parts!

a)

Helicase

b)

Primase

c)

RNA primer

d)

Replication fork

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
21.

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Nucleotides

c)

Fatty Acids

d)

Polysaccharides

22.

In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Prophase

23.

The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in

a)

none of these

b)

Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands

c)

two exact copies with new strands

d)

two DNA molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.

24.

Why does DNA replicate?

a)

To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged

b)

New cells will have a copy of the DNA

c)

To create a new copy to replace the damaged original

25.

Nitrogen bases are joined by which type of bond?

a)

polar bonds

b)

hydrogen bonds

c)

phosphate bonds

d)

deoxyribose bonds

26.

Adenine bonds with _____

a)

Cytosine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

27.

Why is DNA important?

a)

it is very small and very complicated

b)

it's in everything

c)

it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

d)

because we eat it every day for energy

28.

Cytosine bonds with ____

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

29.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Denitrogenous acid

c)

Deribonucleic acid

d)

Diribonucleic acid

30.

What is needed for DNA replication to unzip at the hydrogen bonds?

a)

phosphates

b)

enzymes

c)

deoxyribose (sugar)

d)

hydrogen

31.

What is a mutation?

a)

Adenine

b)

a change/mistake in DNA

c)

a copy of the original DNA

d)

Guanine

32.

What causes mutations?

a)

the environment

b)

random assortment

c)

chemicals

d)

independent assortment

33.

This is an example of -

THE DOG HID THE TOY (ORIGINAL)

THE DOH IDT HET OY? (NEW)

a)

addition

b)

substitution

c)

deletion

34.

This is an example of -

THE DOG HID THE TOY (ORIGINAL)

THE DOG SHI DTH ETO Y??

a)

addition

b)

deletion

c)

substitution

35.

This is an example of -

THE DOG HID THE TOY (ORIGINAL)

THE DOG HIM THE TOY (NEW)

a)

addition

b)

deletion

c)

substitution

36.

Frameshift mutations result from -

a)

additions

b)

substitutions

c)

deletions

d)

all of these

37.

Point mutations result from -

a)

none of these

b)

substitutions

c)

additions

d)

deletions

38.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

39.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

40.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Adenine -

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

41.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

42.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

43.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

44.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

45.

Which is the fourth step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

46.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

47.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

48.

What is "C"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

49.

What is "B"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

50.

What is "A"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

51.

What is DNA made up of?

a)

nucleotides

b)

cytoplasm

c)

RNA

d)

cells

52.

What makes up the SIDES of a DNA ladder?

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

sugars & phosphates

c)

genes & chromosomes

d)

RNA

53.

label the following parts of the DNA Molecule.

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Hydrogen Bonds

c)

Phosphate

d)

nitrogen bases

e)

sugars

1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
54.

The weak bonds between base pairs is a ___

a)

Covalent Bond

b)

Polar Bond

c)

Non Polar Bond

d)

Hydrogen

55.

What three parts make up 1 nucleotide?

a)

Phosphate

b)

Sugar

c)

Nitrogen containing base

d)

Lipid

56.

If the left side of DNA contains the following bases: ATCGATCG, what would the right side contain?

a)

CGATCGAT

b)

TAGGTAGG

c)

TAGCTAGC

d)

ATCGATCG

57.

What is the end result of DNA replication?

a)

2 semi-conservative strands of DNA

b)

1 semi-conservative strand of DNA

c)

Half of a semi-conservative strand.

d)

Nothing is created

58.

Chargaff's rules state that....

a)

The amount of A's always = the amount of C's and the amount of T's always = the amount of G's.

b)

The amount of A's always = the amount of A's and the amount of C's always = the amount of C's.

c)

The amount of A's always = the amount of G's and the amount of C's always = the amount of T's.

d)

The amount of A's always = the amount of T's and the amount of C's always = the amount of G's.

59.

What was Rosalind Franklin's contribution to the discovery of DNA?

a)

She built the first 3D model of DNA

b)

She took the first X-Ray image of DNA

c)

She discovered the nitrogen containing bases

d)

She discovered the covalent bond in DNA

60.

What does the term semi-conservative mean?

a)

DNA consists of half an old strand and half a new strand and the code stays conserved.

b)

DNA consists of two old strands and the code stays conserved.

c)

DNA consists of two new strands and the code stays conserved.

d)

DNA consists of half an old strand and half a new strand and the code changes each time.

61.

What does DNA Polymerase do?

a)

It helps breakdown the new strand in DNA replication and it proofreads the strands.

b)

It helps build the new strand in DNA replication and it proofreads the strands.

c)

It helps unwind the double helix.

d)

It forms bonds

62.

What contribution did Watson & Crick make to DNA?

a)

They took the first X-Ray image of DNA

b)

They built the first 3D model of DNA

c)

They discovered the pairing of the nitrogen containing bases.

d)

They discovered the type of bond that is found in DNA

63.

Look at the image of DNA, what do the circles represent?

a)

Sugars

b)

Phosphates

c)

Bases

d)

Covalent Bonds

64.

Look at the image of DNA, what do the pentagons represent?

a)

Sugar

b)

Phosphate

c)

Nitrogen Containing Base

d)

Covalent bond

65.

Look at the image of DNA, what type of bond connects the phosphate and the sugar in the backbone?

a)

Covalent Bond

b)

Hydrogen Bond

66.

Look at the image of DNA, there are molecules with the letters A & G in them, what are these molecules?

a)

Sugars

b)

Phosphates

c)

Nitrogen containing bases

d)

Covalent Bonds

67.

Look at the image of DNA, notice there are lines between the nitrogen containing bases, what do those lines represent?

a)

Covalent Bonds

b)

Hydrogen Bonds

68-77.
68.

What is the process called in which a cell duplicates its DNA?

a)

Transcription

b)

Mitosis

c)

Translation

d)

Replication

69.

What rule does DNA replication follow to produce two new complementary strands?

a)

Rule of independent assortment

b)

Rule of segregation

c)

Rule of base pairing

d)

Rule of dominance

70.

What is the result of DNA replication?

a)

Two completely new DNA molecules

b)

One DNA molecule and one RNA molecule

c)

Two DNA molecules identical to each other and to the original molecule

d)

Two DNA molecules different from each other

71.

Which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the DNA molecule during replication?

a)

Primase

b)

Helicase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

DNA ligase

72.

What is the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Topoisomerase

d)

Single-strand binding protein

73.

What is the role of telomerase in DNA replication?

a)

Unzipping the DNA helix

b)

Proofreading the new DNA strand

c)

Joining Okazaki fragments

d)

Adding short, repeated DNA sequences to telomeres

74.

How does DNA replication differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Prokaryotic cells replicate DNA in the nucleus, while eukaryotic cells replicate DNA in the cytoplasm

b)

There is no difference in DNA replication between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

c)

Prokaryotic cells replicate DNA from a single point, while eukaryotic cells replicate DNA from multiple points

d)

Prokaryotic cells replicate DNA from multiple points, while eukaryotic cells replicate DNA from a single point

75.

What triggers the beginning of DNA replication in most prokaryotic cells?

a)

Regulatory proteins binding to a single starting point on the chromosome

b)

The unwinding of the DNA helix by helicase

c)

The cell entering prophase of mitosis

d)

The presence of telomerase enzyme

76.

During DNA replication, if the base on the old strand is adenine, what is added to the newly forming strand?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Adenine

77.

What happens to the chromosomes produced by replication in eukaryotic cells before cell division?

a)

They are degraded and synthesized anew

b)

They immediately separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

c)

They remain closely associated until the cell enters prophase of mitosis

d)

They fuse together to form a single chromosome

78.

This enzyme is capable of breaking Hydrogen bonds found between the bases of DNA

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Helicase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Exonuclease

79.
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
a)
Cut the DNA 
b)
Make more cells
c)
Apoptosis
d)
Duplicate the DNA
80.
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
a)
Nitrogen bases
b)
Amino acids
c)
Double H
d)
Sugar & Phosphate
81.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
82.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
83.

Each DNA molecule created contain one NEW strand and one OLD strand

a)

True

b)

False

84.

Okazaki fragments are found on the _______________ strand

a)

Leading

b)

Lagging

85.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
86.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
87.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
88.

Place the following in sequential order
1. Two new strands, each with old and new
2. Helicase "unzips" DNA by breaking H bonds
3. Primase shows Polymerase where to add nucleotides
4. Ligase joins new fragments together

a)
1, 2, 3, 4
b)
3, 4, 2, 1
c)
3, 2, 4, 1
d)
2, 3, 4, 1
89.
Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
90.
What are the gaps between the newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?
a)
Okazaki fragments
b)
Polymer gaps
c)
Helicase fragments
d)
Acidic gaps
91.
3' and 5' refer to...
a)
How effectively the helicase works
b)
What direction the nucleotides are pointing
c)
Where the RNA primer attaches
d)
Okazaki's famous experiment
92.

Which of the strands will have okazaki fragments?

A
B
93.
This image shows that DNA Replication is _______.
a)
Conservative
b)
Semiconservative
c)
Dispersive
d)
Spontaneous
94.

Match the following

a)

Helicase

1.

The unzipper

b)

Primase

2.

Tells where to start

c)

DNA Polymerase

3.

Builds the new strand

d)

Ligase

4.

Glues fragments together

95.

Match the following DNA strands to their complementary strands:

a)

5' - TTTA - 3'

1.

5' - AAAT - 3'

b)

5' - CTAG - 3'

2.

5' - GATC - 3'

c)

5' - AGCC - 3'

3.

5' - TCGG - 3'

d)

5' - AGGA - 3'

4.

5' - TCCT - 3'

e)

5' - TCGA - 3'

5.

5' - AGCT - 3'

96.

In DNA Replication, the enzyme ​ (a)   unzips the DNA and the enzyme DNA ​ (b)   base-pairs ​ (c)   nucleotides. ​ (d)   glues two new ladders together.

Choose from the below words
helicase
polymerase
complimentary
Ligase
Lactase
ATP
S-phase
97.

Label the parts!

a)

Helicase

b)

Primase

c)

RNA primer

d)

Replication fork

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
98.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
99.
A scientist observes a base sequence of AGCTAGCTAGCT.  Which of the following would be the complimentary strand?
a)
TGCATGCATGCA
b)
TCGATCGATCGA
c)
TAGCTAGCTAGC
d)
TTAAGGCCTTCC
100.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
101.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
102.
Which enzyme seals okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
Helicase
c)
Polymerase
d)
Ligase
103.
What is A?
a)
Leading strand
b)
Lagging strand
c)
Okazaki Fragments
d)
DNA plymerase
104.
What strand is copied faster?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
105.

The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape?

a)

enzyme

b)

unzip

c)

A replication fork

106.

Which enzyme proofreads and removes RNA Primase

a)

Ligase

b)

Polymerase 1

c)

Polymerase 3

d)

Helicase

107.
The 5' end of DNA is marked by a(n)
a)
Phosphate Group
b)
Hydroxyl Group
c)
Purine
d)
Pyrimidine
108.
The two strands of DNA are held together by:
a)
Hydrogen Bonds
b)
Phosphodiester Bonds
c)
Glycolsyl Bonds
d)
Glycosidic Linkages
109.
The concept that DNA is made of two strands running in opposite directions is called:
a)
Antiparallel
b)
Isomerism
c)
Enantiomerism
d)
S/R Chirality
110.
Who's work concluded that the %A=%T  and %G=%C
a)
Chargaff
b)
Meischer
c)
Levene
d)
Hammerling
111.
The new DNA on the leading strand is synthesized in the _________ direction
a)
5' to 3'
b)
3' to 5'
112.
DNA replication was proved by the experiments of:
a)
Hershey & Chase
b)
Meselson & Stahl
c)
Watson & Crick
d)
Franklin & Gosling
113.
The term used to describe DNA Replication is:
a)
Semi-Conservative
b)
Conservative
c)
AntiParallel
d)
Dispersive
114.
The enzyme that removes RNA Primers and fills in the gaps with DNA Nucleotides is
a)
DNA Polymerase III
b)
DNA Polymerase I
c)
DNA Polymerase II
d)
Primase
115.

What step in the protein synthesis process is this showing?

(a)  

116.

Match the following terms...

a)

1.

mRNA

b)

2.

tRNA

c)

3.

rRNA

117.

Proteins are important for all of the following except...

a)

building structures like mucsles

b)

helping the immune system

c)

speeding up reactions

d)

coding for your traits

118.

In Protein Synthesis,

​ ​ (a)   happens first.

​ (b)   happens last.

Choose from the below words
Transcription
Translation
119.

Match the following

a)

mRNA

1.

carrying instructions from DNA

b)

tRNA

2.

carries an amino acid

c)

rRNA

3.

the ribsome where proteins are made

120.

The mRNA reads CCA: what amino acid will the tRNA be carrying?

A
B
C
D
121.

The mRNA reads UAG, what will the tRNA carry?

(a)  

122.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

UGG-ACU-CGA

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

(a)  

123.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

AUU-AAG-UGC

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

(a)  

124.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

CCA-GAG-UAG

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

(a)  

125.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

UCG-GAA-CAU

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

(a)  

126.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

AGG-UUC-CUG

Write your answer like this: ___-___-___

(a)  

127.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:

AUG-GAC-UAG

(a)  

128.

Label this image:

1= ​ (a)  

2= ​ (b)  

4= ​ (c)  

7= ​ (d)  

Choose from the below words
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA (ribosome)
129.

Each codon found on a strand of mRNA codes for a single amino acid. The amino acid is identified on which characteristic of the codon?

a)

the number of nucleotides

b)

the sequence of nitrogen bases 

c)

the amount of thymine present

d)

the type of sugar found in each nucleotide

130.

The assembling of new molecules, especially polymers.

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Meisosis

c)

Mitosis

d)

Synthesis

131.

Assembling proteins via instructions from DNA.

a)

Replication

b)

Mutations

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Homeostasis

132.

A single strand of nucleotides made by DNA that is used to communicate genetic code outside the nucleus.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Amino acid chain

133.

DNA makes RNA → RNA makes proteins →

Proteins make life.

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Mendelian Genetics

c)

Central Dogma

d)

Myocardial Infarction

134.

Double stranded DNA is unzipped, and one strand is used as a template to form Messenger RNA.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Mitosis

135.

Messenger RNA travels out of the nucleus to ribosomes

and is used as a template to assemble a protein.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Homeostasis

136.

A single strand of nucleotides coded by DNA

which travels to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to give instructionsfor building proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

DNA

c)

mRNA

d)

rRNA

137.

A small section of RNA that transports amino acids

to the ribosome for synthesis into proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

138.

A nucleotide base that takes the place of Thymine in RNA.

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Adenine

d)

uRNA

139.

The enzyme that codes mRNA from DNA instructions.

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

RNA Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Lipase

140.

A ←→ U

C ←→ G

T → A

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Base Pairing Rules for Replication

d)

Base Pairing Rules for Transcription

141.

The order of the nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA.

a)

Numerical sequence

b)

Amino acid sequence

c)

Base Sequence

d)

Anti codon

142.

Units of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA which code for a single

amino acid.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Base Pairing

c)

Anti codon

d)

Codon

143.

The reverse codon found on the tRNA.

a)

Codon

b)

Anticodon

c)

Mitosis

d)

Meiosis

144.

A chart that shows the relationship between

codons and the amino acids they code for.

a)

Homeostasis chart

b)

Anticodon

c)

Codon Chart

d)

EKG Chart

145.

Three nucleotide bases that code for the beginning

of a strand of protein.

a)

Uracil

b)

Stop Codon

c)

Anticodon

d)

Start Codon

146.

Three nucleotide bases that code for the end

of a strand of protein.

a)

Anticodon

b)

Start Codon

c)

Stop Codon

d)

tRNA

147.

Most of a ribosome is made of rRNA.

a)

Anticodon

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

148.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
149.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
150.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
151.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
152.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
153.
Which component of DNA determines the traits of an organism? 
a)
Nitrogen Bases
b)
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
c)
Hydrogen bonds
154.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
155.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
156.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
157.
Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGGCAAGTACGT
a)
ACCGTTCATGCA
b)
UGGCAAGUACGU
c)
UCCGUUCUUGCU
d)
ACCGUUCAUGCA
158.
DNA has a _____________ structure. 
a)
double helix
b)
single strand
c)
ring 
d)
chain
159.
Translation is the process where
a)
mRNA is created in the Nucleus
b)
mRNA is decoded to form a protein 
c)
glucose molecules are made
d)
is where lipids are synthesised
160.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
161.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
162.

enzyme that adds new RNA nucleotides to make mRNA

a)

Helicase

b)

RNA Polymerase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Helicase Polymerase

163.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
164.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
165.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

166.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

167.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
168.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence TTACCG, the sequence of the other strand of the same molecule will be
a)
AATGGC
b)
TTACCG
c)
AACGGC
d)
AATGGG
169.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

170.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

171.

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA

a)

UUGACUU

b)

TTGACTT

c)

AACTGAA

d)

AACUGAA

172.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
173.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
174.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
175.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
176.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

177.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

178.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

179.

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

a)

Insertions only

b)

Substitution only

c)

Deletion only

d)

Insertions and Deletions

180.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

181.

A substitution mutation that has no effect

on amino acids sequence

a)

Insertion Mutation

b)

Translocation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Deletion Mutation

182.

What base is found only in RNA?

a)

Guanine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

183.

Where in the cell does translation occur?

a)

In the nucleus

b)

In the ribosome

c)

In the cytoplasm

d)

In the DNA

184.

Transcribe the following DNA strand into mRNA: ATCGAC

a)

UACGUG

b)

TAGCTG

c)

UAGCUG

d)

UAGCTG

185.

What is the role of the RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

a)

RNA polymerase will unzip the DNA strand and transcribe an mRNA strand.

b)

RNA polymerase will transcribe the mRNA strand.

c)

RNA polymerase will unzip the DNA strand.

d)

RNA polymerase will unzip the RNA strand and transcribe an mRNA strand.

186.

Where does protein synthesis first begin?

a)

In the endoplasmic reticulum.

b)

In the ribosomes.

c)

In the cytoplasm.

d)

In the nucleus.

187.

What is an anti-codon, what RNA type has anti-codons?

a)

An anti-codon is the complementary bases to a codon of tRNA. This occurs in mRNA.

b)

An anti-codon is a set of 3 nucleotide bases complementary to a codon of DNA. This occurs in tRNA.

c)

An anti-codon is the complementary bases to a codon of mRNA. This occurs in tRNA.

d)

An anti-codon is a codon of mRNA.

188.

Translate the following mRNA strand into tRNA: UAGCUG

a)

TUCGTC

b)

AUCGAC

c)

ATCGAC

d)

AUCGTC

189.

What type of RNA do we use to read a codon chart?

a)

rRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

mRNA

190.

What are the amino acids for the following codons: AUG CCU UAA?

a)

Methionine Proline Stop

b)

Methionine Proline Tyrosine

c)

Methionine Histidine Stop

d)

Stop Proline Methionine

191.

What would we call a chain/group of attached amino acids?

a)

tRNA

b)

A gene

c)

A protein

d)

codons

192.

What type of mutation is shown above:

a)

Inversion

b)

Insertion

c)

Substitution

d)

Deletion

193.

The body expresses the gene that makes lactase when there is lactose in the body. After drinking milk, would the gene for lactase be turned on or off?

a)

On

b)

Off

194.

What type of mutation is shown above?

a)

Inversion

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Substitution

195.

Would the cells in the liver express the same genes as cells in the heart?

a)

Not all the time

b)

No

c)

Yes

196.

What type of mutation is shown above?

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Frame-shift mutation

197.

What is produced as a result of gene expression?

a)

genes

b)

DNA

c)

mRNA

d)

Proteins

198.

What type of chromosomal mutation is this?

a)

Inversion

b)

Duplication

c)

Translocation

d)

Deletion

199.

Is this an example of a gene or chromosomal mutation?

a)

Gene mutation

b)

Chromosomal mutation

c)

Not a mutation

200.

What is the correct order for protein synthesis?

a)

DNA -> RNA -> codons

b)

proteins -> RNA -> DNA

c)

DNA -> RNA -> proteins

d)

RNA -> DNA -> proteins

201.

How many chromosomes would a human have with monosomy?

a)

1

b)

46

c)

45

d)

47

202.

Label the diagram using the words provided by putting them in the correct box:

a)

DNA

b)

Transcription

c)

mRNA

d)

Translation

e)

Protein

1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
203.
a)Nucleus
b)DNA
c)mRNA
d)tRNA
e)Ribosome
f)Amino Acid
g)Codon
h)Anticodon
i)Transcription
j)Translation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
204.

Label the steps in protein synthesis.

a)Protein
b)Translation
c)Transcription
d)DNA
e)mRNA
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
205.

Label the diagram

a)anticodon
b)mRNA
c)tRNA
d)Ribosome
e)amino acids
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
206.

Label the Following Diagram

a)

Amino acid

b)

Protein

c)

Codon

d)

Anticodon

e)

DNA

f)

mRNA

g)

Ribosome

h)

tRNA

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
207.

Tap on the amino acid chain (protein)

A
B
C
D
E
208.

Match the letter from the diagram with the correct part of the protein synthesis process.

a)

codon

b)

cytoplasm

c)

nucleus

d)

transcription

e)

translation

f)

Anticodon

g)

mRNA

h)

Amino Acid

i)

Polypeptide

j)

DNA

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
209.

Match the following

a)

mRNA

1.

carries the message to the ribosome

b)

rRNA

2.

part of the ribosome structure

c)

tRNA

3.

carries the amino acid to the ribosome

d)

DNA

4.

primary genetic material

210.

In protein synthesis, the gene from the DNA is ​ (a)   into RNA. mRNA leaves the nucleus and then the RNA is ​ (b)   by a ribosome to make a polypeptide.

Choose from the below words
transcribed
translated
211.

The "central dogma" of molecular biology says that DNA is ​ (a)   into mRNA, which is then ​ (b)   into a protein.

Choose from the below words
transcribed
translated
212.
Which phase of which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
213.

If the mRNA codon is AUG, what amino acid would the tRNA bring?

a)

Met

b)

GLu

c)

Ala

d)

Phe

214.

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

a)

Primase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

DNA Ligase

d)

DNA Helicase

215.

What is the complementary base pair for guanine in DNA?

a)

Uracil

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Adenine

216.

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized continuously?

a)

Sense strand

b)

Leading strand

c)

Lagging strand

d)

Template strand

217.

What describes a change in the DNA sequence?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA replication

d)

Mutation

e)

Apoptosis

218.

What describes programmed cell death?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA replication

d)

Mutation

e)

Apoptosis

219.

What type of mutation involves substituting a DNA base with a different base?

a)

point mutation

b)

frameshift mutation

c)

silent mutation

d)

chromosomal mutation

220.

What type of mutation involves substituting a DNA base with a different base but still forms the same protein?

a)

point mutation

b)

frameshift mutation

c)

silent mutation

d)

chromosomal mutation

221.

What type of mutation involves adding or deleting bases from the DNA, which results in new codons (a shift in the reading of the codons)?

a)

point mutation

b)

frameshift mutation

c)

silent mutation

d)

chromosomal mutation

222.

Original DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

Mutated DNA = TAC GAC TCG AAT

What type of mutation has occurred?

a)

Chromosomal mutation

b)

Point mutation

c)

Frameshift mutation

d)

No mutation occurred

223.

Original DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

Mutated DNA = TAC GTA CTT GAA T

What type of mutation has occurred?

a)

Chromosomal mutation

b)

Point mutation

c)

Frameshift mutation due to adding extra base

d)

Frameshift mutation due to deletion of base

224.

Original DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

Mutated DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

What type of mutation has occurred?

a)

Chromosomal mutation

b)

Point mutation

c)

Frameshift mutation

d)

No mutation occurred

225.

What type of chromosomal mutation occurred?

a)

chromosomal insertion/duplication

b)

chromosomal deletion

c)

chromosomal inversion

d)

chromosomal translocation

226.

What type of chromosomal mutation occurred?

a)

chromosomal insertion/duplication

b)

chromosomal deletion

c)

chromosomal inversion

d)

chromosomal translocation

227.

What type of chromosomal mutation occurred?

a)

chromosomal insertion/duplication

b)

chromosomal deletion

c)

chromosomal inversion

d)

chromosomal translocation

228.

What type of chromosomal mutation occurred?

a)

chromosomal insertion/duplication

b)

chromosomal deletion

c)

chromosomal inversion

d)

chromosomal translocation

229.

Original DNA = TAC GAC TTG AAT

Mutated DNA = TAC ACT TGA AT

What type of mutation has occurred?

a)

Chromosomal mutation

b)

Point mutation

c)

Frameshift mutation due to addition of base

d)

Frameshift mutation due to deletion of base

230.

What are considered "negative" mutations?

a)

mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and harms the organism

b)

mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and benefits the organism

c)

mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein

d)

all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

231.

What are considered "positive" mutations?

a)

mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and harms the organism

b)

mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and benefits the organism

c)

mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein

d)

all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

232.

What are considered neutral mutations?

a)

mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and harms the organism

b)

mutations in the DNA sequence that changes the resulting protein and benefits the organism

c)

mutations in the DNA sequence that produces the same protein

d)

all mutations are considered bad and harm the organisms

233.

Match the following

a)

Mutation

1.

a change in the DNA sequence

b)

Point mutation

2.

a type of mutation where one to few bases are substituted with different bases

c)

Frameshift mutation

3.

a type of mutation caused by adding or deleting bases, affecting all the codons after the change

d)

Silent mutation

4.

a type of mutation that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid sequence (same protein)

e)

Chromosomal mutation

5.

a type of mutation where large sections of the chromosome are affected

234.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

235.

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

a)

Insertions only

b)

Substitution only

c)

Deletion only

d)

Insertions and Deletions

236.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

237.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

238.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

239.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

240.

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

241.

Identify the DELETION mutation form the following:

ATG CCA AAT

a)

ATG TCA AAT

b)

ATG CCT AAA T

c)

ATC CA AT

d)

ATG CCA AAT

242.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

a)

Mutations 1 and 3 only

b)

Mutation 1 only

c)

Mutation 2 only

d)

Muations 1, 2, 3

243.

Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

a)

Deletion

b)

Substitution

c)

Insertion

d)

Translocation

244.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

245.

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

a)

Insertions only

b)

Substitution only

c)

Deletion only

d)

Insertions and Deletions

246.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

247.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

248.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

249.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

250.

Identify the DELETION mutation form the following:

ATG CCA AAT

a)

ATG TCA AAT

b)

ATG CCT AAA T

c)

ATC CA AT

d)

ATG CCA AAT

251.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
252.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
253.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
254.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
255.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
256.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
257.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
258.

A substitution mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

259.

An insertion/additon mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

260.

A deletion mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

261.
What type of gene mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-C-C-A-A
a)
Base Substitution
b)
Base Deletion
c)
Base Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
262.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Base Substitution
b)
Base Insertion
c)
Base Inversion
d)
Translocation
263.

Use the DNA code provided and fill in the complementary DNA strand. (Answer in ALL CAPS and NO spaces between letters)

(a)  

264.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

a)

Mutations 1 and 3 only

b)

Mutation 1 only

c)

Mutation 2 only

d)

Muations 1, 2, 3

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