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CO5 MCQ Assessment on Linux

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Primary function of the Linux kernel in modern computing systems involves:

a)

File operations

b)

Managing hardware resources

c)

UI rendering

d)

Driver compilation

2.

Command responsible for displaying currently active processes in Linux is:

a)

ls

b)

ps

c)

mkdir

d)

rm

3.

Definition of a container within Linux-based environments refers to:

a)

A virtual machine

b)

An isolated lightweight process

c)

A shared memory buffer

d)

A backup mechanism

4.

Docker command used to list all containers (active and inactive):

a)

docker run

b)

docker ps

c)

docker ps -a

d)

docker restart

5.

Linux features enabling Docker’s container isolation capabilities are:

a)

Hypervisor & threads

b)

Namespaces & cgroups

c)

Disk quotas

d)

Bash shell isolation

6.

Key architectural distinction between Docker and Podman involves:

a)

Docker runs rootless

b)

Podman operates without daemon

c)

Docker is daemonless

d)

Podman requires root

7.

Common shared component in containers that differentiates them from VMs is the:

a)

Kernel

b)

Complete OS image

c)

Network card

d)

BIOS

8.

Identify the configuration file used for storing user account details in Linux systems. This file plays a vital role in user authentication and identity management.

a)

/etc/user

b)

/etc/passwd

c)

/etc/logs

d)

/etc/sudoers

9.

Point out the correct role of the /etc/fstab configuration file. It automates the mounting of file systems during system boot.

a)

Mount file systems

b)

Start daemons

c)

Update kernel modules

d)

Track user sessions

10.

Determine the command that modifies the ownership of a file. This operation is essential in managing file permissions and access control.

a)

chmod

b)

usermod

c)

chown

d)

touch

11.

Apply the command that lists running processes with real-time updates. This helps in monitoring system performance.

a)

ps aux

b)

top

c)

who

d)

uptime

12.

Select the tool that helps in creating partitions on a hard disk. Disk management requires creating and resizing partitions.

a)

chmod

b)

fdisk

c)

diff

d)

echo

13.

Choose the effect of the chmod 755 file.sh command. This sets execute permissions for the owner and read-execute for others.

a)

Owner can only read

b)

Everyone can execute

c)

Only root can modify

d)

Owner can write and execute

14.

Puppet uses which language to define configuration files?

a)

Ruby

b)

YAML

c)

JSON

d)

Python

15.

What port is used by Puppet Agent to communicate with the Puppet Master?

a)

8140

b)

443

c)

22

d)

8080

16.

Which file in Ansible is used to define host groups?

a)

inventory

b)

hosts.cfg

c)

ansible.cfg

d)

group_vars

17.

What will be the output of print(myFunction(4)) given: myFunction <- function(a, b = 2){ result <- a * b; return(result) }?

a)

Error due to missing argument

b)

8

c)

6

d)

Null

18.

In Ansible, which module is used to install a package on Debian-based systems?

a)

yum

b)

apt

c)

dnf

d)

install

19.

Which Ansible directive is used to define variables for all hosts?

a)

group_vars

b)

host_vars

c)

all_vars

d)

common_vars

20.

What is the output of ansible all -m ping if SSH is misconfigured?

a)

pong

b)

success

c)

unreachable

d)

success with warning

21.

A TTL of 3600 seconds implies caching for how long?

a)

60 min

b)

30 min

c)

1.5 hr

d)

45 min

22.

A DNS query travels 4 hops each taking 10 ms. What is the round-trip time?

a)

20 ms

b)

40 ms

c)

80 ms

d)

100 ms

23.

A server sends 500 DNS requests per minute. How many requests in 2 hours?

a)

30,000

b)

60,000

c)

15,000

d)

10,000

24.

8 devices each need 2 DNS lookups per minute. How many total in 30 minutes?

a)

240

b)

480

c)

60

d)

120

25.

A DNS cache is valid for 24 hours. After 6 hours, what percent time remains?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

90%

26.

Each A record response is 60 bytes. How much bandwidth is used for 1,000 queries?

a)

60 KB

b)

600 KB

c)

6 MB

d)

60 MB

27.

If one DNS server fails 25% of the time, what's the success rate over 4 queries?

a)

31.60%

b)

25%

c)

75%

d)

31.25%

28.

Which of the following best defines virtualization?

a)

Physical separation of services

b)

Creating virtual versions of hardware

c)

Manual resource allocation

d)

Using multiple servers for one task

29.

A company wants to host multiple isolated applications on a single physical server with minimal overhead. Which of the following technologies is most suitable?

a)

Full virtualization using VMware ESXi

b)

Dual-boot configuration

c)

OS-level virtualization using Docker

d)

Installing multiple OSes on different hard disks

30.

Which deployment model allows both public and private cloud usage?

a)

Private Cloud

b)

Hybrid Cloud

c)

Community Cloud

d)

Distributed Cloud

31.

Which technology underlies cloud resource abstraction?

a)

Encryption

b)

Virtualization

c)

Data replication

d)

Firewalling

32.

A company uses a cloud service to develop and deploy its apps without managing infrastructure. What model is this?

a)

SaaS

b)

PaaS

c)

IaaS

d)

BaaS

33.

You are a system admin tasked with scaling web servers during high traffic. Which cloud feature helps automate this?

a)

Disaster Recovery

b)

Vertical Scaling

c)

Auto-scaling

d)

Load dumping

34.

Which scenario demonstrates elasticity in cloud computing?

a)

Paying fixed monthly fees

b)

Automatic increase in VMs during demand spike

c)

Manual addition of servers

d)

Switching between cloud vendors

35.

What distinguishes Type 1 hypervisor from Type 2?

a)

Type 1 runs on OS, Type 2 on bare-metal

b)

Type 2 uses containerized architecture

c)

Type 1 runs directly on hardware

d)

Type 2 offers hardware pass-through

36.

Primary deployment advantage of using containers over virtual machines is:

a)

Reduced reliability

b)

Consistent environments

c)

Dependence on GUI

d)

Manual resource scaling

37.

Storage driver most commonly used by Docker for efficient image layering is:

a)

ext4

b)

OverlayFS

c)

ZFS

d)

NTFS

38.

Security frameworks like SELinux and AppArmor enforce container protection by:

a)

Logging access

b)

Encrypting filesystem

c)

Applying access control

d)

Blocking TCP traffic

39.

Startup latency comparison between containers and VMs indicates containers are:

a)

Slower to start

b)

Faster to start

c)

Equal in performance

d)

OS-independent

40.

Core component shared by all containers on a single host system is the:

a)

Shell

b)

Kernel

c)

User account

d)

Cron job

41.

Docker command used for building container images from source files is:

a)

docker init

b)

docker build

c)

docker fork

d)

docker snapshot

42.

Analyze the impact of runlevel misconfiguration. This may prevent proper system startup.

a)

Fails to boot GUI

b)

Disables sudo

c)

Corrupts filesystem

d)

Locks the BIOS

43.

Evaluate the purpose of /etc/sudoers in user permission control. Misuse can compromise security.

a)

Stores passwords

b)

Grants root-like privileges

c)

Defines user limits

d)

Monitors user behavior

44.

Select the command that updates the system package list in Ubuntu. It ensures latest versions are checked.

a)

rpm update

b)

yum install

c)

apt update

d)

dpkg upgrade

45.

Identify the result of incorrectly editing /etc/fstab. Mounting file systems may fail during boot.

a)

Blue screen

b)

Kernel panic

c)

Boot failure

d)

Login loop

46.

Identify the command that shows all active network interfaces. Useful in troubleshooting network connectivity.

a)

ifconfig

b)

ping

c)

route

d)

host

47.

Highlight the risk of granting sudo access to all users. This compromises the principle of least privilege.

a)

Fast boot

b)

Increased security

c)

Unauthorized access

d)

Enhanced logging

48.

What output does factorial <- function(n){if(n==1)return(1);return(n*factorial(n-1))}; factorial(5) produce in R?

a)

15

b)

120

c)

60

d)

720

49.

What is the full path to Ansible's default inventory file?

a)

/etc/ansible/hosts

b)

/home/ansible/hosts

c)

/etc/ansible.cfg

d)

/var/ansible/hosts

50.

What is the purpose of id command in Linux cloud server?

a)

Shows UID/GID

b)

Lists users

c)

Kills processes

d)

Renames users

51.

Which command installs Ansible on Ubuntu?

a)

sudo yum install ansible

b)

sudo apt install ansible

c)

install ansible

d)

get ansible

52.

How is a Puppet manifest file extension denoted?

a)

.json

b)

.pp

c)

.puppet

d)

.dsl

53.

You have 3 hosts and run 2 parallel tasks per host. How many total executions?

a)

6

b)

3

c)

2

d)

1

54.

If 30% of DNS records are A, 20% MX, rest CNAME, what % is CNAME?

a)

50%

b)

60%

c)

70%

d)

80%

55.

Which component of SOA record increases with every DNS update?

a)

TTL

b)

Serial Number

c)

Refresh

d)

Retry

56.

What’s the formula for calculating available IPs in subnet /n?

a)

2(32−n)−22^{(32 - n)} - 2

b)

2n2^n

c)

n2n^2

d)

2(n−24)2^{(n - 24)}

57.

What’s the effect of setting TTL to 0?

a)

Infinite cache

b)

No caching

c)

Fast transfer

d)

Block DNS

58.

A packet sniffer shows repeated DNS queries. What’s likely cause?

a)

High TTL

b)

DNS flood attack

c)

Low latency

d)

DHCP error

59.

Xen uses what type of virtualization for best performance with paravirtualized guests?

a)

Emulation

b)

Binary translation

c)

Full virtualization

d)

Paravirtualization

60.

You are tasked with installing a Linux VM on Xen. What must be installed first?

a)

DomU

b)

Guest agent

c)

Dom0

d)

Docker

61.

VMware on Linux allows which of the following benefits over traditional dual-booting methods?

a)

Faster kernel upgrades

b)

Higher GPU performance

c)

Running multiple OS instances concurrently

d)

Booting into bare-metal Linux

62.

During VM creation, Xen throws an error “Unable to find kernel image.” What is the solution?

a)

Install Docker

b)

Restart Dom0

c)

Point to valid kernel/initrd in config

d)

Reboot network interface

63.

An admin wants better I/O for a Xen guest. Which device driver type should be enabled?

a)

IDE

b)

emulated NIC

c)

paravirtualized drivers (PV drivers)

d)

SCSI bridge

64.

You want to expose a service to external traffic in Kubernetes. Which type of service do you create?

a)

ClusterIP

b)

Internal

c)

NodePort

d)

Volatile

65.

In Kubernetes, which component ensures containers are running in a Pod?

a)

Controller Manager

b)

Scheduler

c)

Kubelet

d)

Kube-proxy

66.

You run a Docker container with a memory limit of 512 MB. If the container’s memory usage grows at 8 MB per minute, how long before it hits the limit?

a)

64 min

b)

72 min

c)

60 min

d)

68 min

67.

A Linux server has 250 users. If each user needs 150 MB of home directory space, how much disk space is required for home directories?

a)

37.5 GB

b)

25 GB

c)

45 GB

d)

30 GB

68.

An Ansible playbook takes 3 seconds per host to run. How long will it take to run on 120 hosts?

a)

6 minutes

b)

4 minutes

c)

5 minutes

d)

7 minutes

69.

A Kubernetes deployment specifies 5 replicas per pod. If each pod uses 200 MB RAM, how much total RAM will 5 replicas consume?

a)

2 GB

b)

1.2 GB

c)

0.8 GB

d)

1 GB

70.

You create 4 VMs, each with 20 GB disk images. If the host has 100 GB free disk, how much space remains after VM creation?

a)

25 GB

b)

20 GB

c)

30 GB

d)

40 GB

71.

A Linux cloud server has 16 CPU cores. You allocate 4 cores to each VM. What’s the max number of VMs you can run simultaneously?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

72.

Deploying Puppet modules to 50 servers takes 8 minutes total. On average, how much time does each server take?

a)

10

b)

8

c)

9.6

d)

12

73.

An NFS server serves 40 clients simultaneously. Each client requires 15 Mbps. What total bandwidth is needed?

a)

600 Mbps

b)

500 Mbps

c)

550 MBPS

d)

650 Mbps

74.

A Docker image is 1.2 GB. After optimization, image size reduces by 35%. What is the new size?

a)

800 MB

b)

780 MB

c)

700 MB

d)

850 MB

75.

You must design a cluster to support 500 pods, each requiring 250 MB RAM. Each node has 16 GB RAM, reserving 2 GB for system processes. How many nodes are required?

a)

12

b)

10

c)

15

d)

11

76.

A KVM hypervisor schedules 3 VMs on 2 CPUs. VM1 uses 60% CPU, VM2 30%, VM3 50%. What is the total CPU overcommitment percentage?

a)

70%

b)

140%

c)

110%

d)

90%

77.

Automating tasks on 200 servers saves 15 minutes per server weekly. What is total time saved monthly (4 weeks)?

a)

200 hours

b)

150 hours

c)

100 hours

d)

300 hours

78.

DNS cache hit rate improves from 60% to 85%. If 5000 queries are made, how many fewer external queries happen?

a)

1250

b)

1000

c)

1500

d)

1100

79.

Google Filestore charges $0.30/GB monthly. A server’s storage grows 25 GB monthly. How much more will it cost after 6 months?

a)

$45

b)

$40

c)

$50

d)

$30

80.

You allocate 2 GB memory to each Xen VM on a host with 32 GB RAM. If the host reserves 4 GB for itself, what is the maximum number of VMs?

a)

16

b)

17

c)

12

d)

14

81.

A host has 800 CPU shares. Container A has 200 shares, and container B has 600. If both are busy, what percentage of CPU will container B receive?

a)

75%

b)

66%

c)

80%

d)

25%

82.

Backup speed is 120 MB/s and the system size is 900 GB. How long will the backup take to complete?

a)

2.08 hours

b)

1.5 hours

c)

2.5 hours

d)

3 hours

83.

A cloud server has 99.9% uptime monthly. Calculate the maximum downtime allowed in minutes assuming a 30‑day month.

a)

50 minutes

b)

43.2 minutes

c)

40 minutes

d)

30 minutes

84.

A VMware VM runs at 2000 IOPS with a 4 KB block size. What is the resulting throughput in MB/s?

a)

8 MB/s

b)

6 MB/s

c)

7.81 MB/s

d)

9 MB/s

85.

A Podman image is 850 MB. After removing unnecessary layers, the size reduces by 20%. What is the new size?

a)

650 MB

b)

700 MB

c)

720 MB

d)

680 MB

86.

A Linux system has 120 users distributed equally among 4 groups. How many users are in each group?

a)

40

b)

25

c)

30

d)

15

87.

An Ansible playbook runs on 60 hosts with a fork count of 15. How many hosts will run concurrently?

a)

30

b)

15

c)

60

d)

25

88.

A DNS server handles 1200 queries per minute. If 25% are cached, how many queries hit the authoritative server?

a)

900

b)

800

c)

1100

d)

1000

89.

Azure Blob Storage charges $0.18 per GB per month. A company stores 2000 GB. What is the monthly cost?

a)

$360

b)

$180

c)

$200

d)

$400

90.

A host has 64 GB RAM. Six VMs are allocated 10 GB each. What is the percentage of memory utilization relative to physical RAM?

a)

90%

b)

60%

c)

6%

d)

40%

91.

A Kubernetes node has 32 CPU cores. Each pod requests 2 cores. What is the maximum number of pods per node based on CPU?

a)

20

b)

16

c)

15

d)

14

92.

If DNS TTL is lowered from 3600 seconds to 900 seconds, by what factor does the cache refresh frequency increase?

a)

2 times

b)

3 times

c)

4 times

d)

5 times

93.

Deploying Puppet on 80 nodes takes 6 minutes. What is the average time per node?

a)

3 seconds

b)

4.5 seconds

c)

5 seconds

d)

6 seconds

94.

An NFS server delivers 1 Gbps bandwidth and 50 clients equally share it. What bandwidth does each client get?

a)

10 Mbps

b)

15 Mbps

c)

20 Mbps

d)

25 Mbps

95.

You plan to scale Docker containers to use 48 GB RAM in total. If each container uses 2.5 GB, how many containers can you run?

a)

16

b)

18

c)

19

d)

20

96.

A VMware host has 24 physical cores and runs 10 VMs, each with 4 vCPUs. What is the CPU overcommit ratio (vCPU:physical core)?

a)

1.25

b)

1.5

c)

1.67

d)

2

97.

Backup time drops from 3 hours to 2 hours after cloud migration. What is the percentage reduction in backup time?

a)

25%

b)

33.33%

c)

40%

d)

50%

98.

You must run 300 pods, each requiring 400 MB. Each node has 24 GB RAM and reserves 3 GB for the system. How many nodes are needed?

a)

5

b)

6

c)

7

d)

8

99.

A DNS server receives 10,000 queries per minute. After caching, 70% hit the cache. How many queries go to the upstream server?

a)

2500

b)

3000

c)

3500

d)

4000

100.

A disk reads at 150 MB/s. For a 2 TB disk, how long does it take to read the entire disk?

a)

3 hours

b)

3.5 hours

c)

3.7 hours

d)

4 hours

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