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WorksheetsTENS and Galvanic Current Quiz
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
The primary pain relief mechanism of conventional (high-frequency) TENS is:
Segmental analgesia via opioid release
Gate control theory
Descending inhibition from periaqueductal gray
Peripheral nerve blockade
Acupuncture-like TENS primarily works through:
Gate control mechanism
Release of endogenous opioids (endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphin)
Direct muscle contraction
Sympathetic blockade
The typical frequency range for conventional TENS is:
1-10 Hz
50-150 Hz
10-50 Hz
150-250 Hz
Burst TENS is a combination of:
High frequency + high intensity
Low frequency (2-10 Hz) bursts at high frequency carrier (50-100 Hz)
Continuous low frequency
Random frequency
Which of the following is a contraindication for TENS?
Lumbar back pain
Pacemaker
Knee osteoarthritis
Phantom limb pain
Galvanic current is:
Biphasic pulsed current
Unidirectional flow of electrons (continuous DC)
Symmetrical biphasic AC
Interrupted DC
Under the cathode (negative electrode) of galvanic current, the following occurs:
Acid reaction, hardening of tissues
Alkaline reaction, softening of tissues
No chemical change
Muscle contraction
The main therapeutic use of galvanic current is:
Muscle strengthening
Iontophoresis and facilitation of wound healing
Pain modulation via gate control
Edema reduction by muscle pump
Interrupted Galvanic Current is used primarily for:
Iontophoresis
Testing denervated muscle and electrodiagnosis
Chronic pain relief
Transcranial stimulation
Duration of current flow in interrupted galvanic stimulation for denervated muscle is usually:
1-10 ms
10-100 ms
100-600 ms or more
< 1 ms
Faradic current is a type of:
Short-duration interrupted direct current
Asymmetric biphasic pulsed current (pulse duration ~1 ms, frequency 50-100 Hz)
Symmetrical biphasic sinusoidal current
Monophasic triangular pulse
Faradic current is primarily used for stimulation of:
Denervated muscle
Normally innervated muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
In complete denervation (lower motor neuron lesion), faradic current typically produces:
Strong tetanic contraction
Twitch contraction
No response
Painful burning sensation
Surged faradic current is used to:
Prevent fatigue and produce near-physiological contraction
Diagnose reaction of degeneration
Perform iontophoresis
Stimulate denervated muscle
The typical pulse duration of faradic current is approximately:
0.1-1 ms
10-50 ms
100-600 ms
>1 second
The mildest form of nerve injury according to Seddon is:
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Neurapraxia
Neurolysis
In neurapraxia (Sunderland Grade 1), there is:
Axonal loss with intact endoneurium
Conduction block with intact axons and connective tissue
Complete transection
Wallerian degeneration
Which type of nerve injury shows complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function with no recovery without surgical intervention?
Neurapraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Grade 3 Sunderland
Wallerian degeneration occurs in:
Neurapraxia only
Axonotmesis and neurotmesis
Neurotmesis only
All grades
In Sunderland Grade 2 injury:
Only myelin is damaged
Axons and endoneurium damaged, perineurium intact
Axons lost but endoneurium intact
Epineurium disrupted
The slowest expected regeneration rate after axonotmesis is approximately:
1 mm/day
1-3 mm/day
5-8 mm/day
10 mm/day
Reaction of degeneration (RD) is typically complete by:
24-48 hours
3-5 days
7-14 days
3 weeks
f degeneration (RD) is typically complete by:
24-48 hours
3-5 days
7-14 days
3 weeks
In partial reaction of degeneration, faradic response is lost but galvanic response is:
Lost completely
Sluggish but present
Brisk
Absent only in proximal muscles
Strength-Duration Curve in denervated muscle is shifted to the:
Left
Right with increased rheobase and chronaxie
No change
Becomes rectangular
Kinking or stretching of nerve without disruption of epineurium is classified as:
Neurapraxia
Grade 4 Sunderland
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
A patient with wrist drop after humerus fracture shows no response to faradic current but sluggish contraction to long-duration galvanic current. The most likely diagnosis is:
Neurapraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Normal innervation
For iontophoresis of dexamethasone in lateral epicondylitis, the drug should be placed under:
Anode (+)
Cathode (-)
Either electrode
No need of electrode gel
TENS is least effective in:
Postoperative pain
Labor pain
Neuropathic pain due to complete nerve transection
Myofascial pain
"Accommodation" phenomenon is most prominent with:
Faradic current
Conventional TENS
Long-duration monophasic (galvanic) current
Russian current
Electrical stimulation of completely denervated muscle is done primarily to:
Re-innervate the muscle
Prevent fibrosis and maintain muscle extensibility
Strengthen the muscle permanently
Increase blood flow only
According to Maitland's grading system, Grade III mobilisation is described as:
Small amplitude movement at the beginning of range
Large amplitude movement into resistance
Large amplitude movement not reaching end-range
Small amplitude movement at the end of available range
Kaltenborn's Grade II traction/mobilisation corresponds most closely to which Maitland grade?
Grade I
Grade II
Grade III
Grade IV
The "end-feel" in a normal healthy joint during passive accessory movement is usually:
Empty
Hard bone-on-bone or ligamentous
Spasm
Springy block
A capsular (cyriax) end-feel is typically described as:
Hard
Soft
Leathery or "thick stretch"
Empty
Grade V manipulation (thrust) in the Maitland concept is performed:
At the end of available range with high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust
Slowly through full range
Only as a Grade IV oscillation
Only in the pain-free range
The convex-concave rule states that when a convex joint surface moves on a concave surface:
Glide occurs in the same direction as the bone movement
Glide occurs in the opposite direction to the bone movement
Only traction is required
No glide is needed
To increase flexion of the glenohumeral joint using accessory movement, the correct mobilising technique on the humerus is:
Anterior glide
Posterior glide
Caudal glide
Lateral distraction
Contraindications to joint mobilisation/manipulation include all EXCEPT:
Hypermobility syndrome
Malignancy affecting bone
Acute inflammatory arthritis
Mechanical neck pain without red flags
"Oscillations" in Grades I-IV mobilisations are performed at a rate of approximately:
5-10 per second
1-2 per second (or as patient comfort allows)
20-30 per second
Only sustained for 30-60 seconds without oscillation
The primary goal of Grade I and II mobilisations is:
To stretch contracted capsule/ligaments
Pain relief and neurophysiological effect
To break adhesions
To improve muscle strength
