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Worksheetsunderground ni Riza
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Toxic runoff can pollute a stream and also
create algae blooms
pollute groundwater
cause soil erosion
produce acid rain
Which most likely caused the changes observed in the data over time?
decrease in the amount of recharge
increase in the amount of precipitation
decrease in irrigation for farming
increase in water conservation efforts
Which human activity directly affects the quality of freshwater resources?
burning gasoline in car engines
depleting the ozone layer
throwing trash out of car windows
allowing runoff from agricultural fields
What is most responsible for the presence of groundwater in an area?
movement of surface water through impermeable rock
movement of surface water and precipitation through soil and rock
movement of water from a confined aquifer into surface water
movement of water from streams and rivers to watersheds
A community upgrades its water purification and management systems. What lasting impact could this have on available freshwater?
decrease in water demand
increase in waterborne diseases
increase in freshwater supply
decrease in water levels
A rural, forested area receives a lot of rain in a short amount of time. What would most likely cause potential flooding in the area?
if the ground of the area is already saturated
if the area has a large uncharged aquifer beneath it
if the ground of the area is mostly sandy soil
if the water level in the area is below the zone of saturation
Which of the following make up part of Earth's groundwater?
lakes
rivers
aquifers
wetlands
Which statement best describes a relationship between groundwater and surface water?
Surface water is found in lakes directly above underground water sources
There is no relationship between surface and groundwater
Surface water percolates through soil to form groundwater
Groundwater filters through soil to form surface water
How could a long-term decrease in precipitation impact an area?
increase the average water level of lakes
decrease the amount of possible infiltration
decrease the possible amount of damage to crops
increase the amount of flooding
Plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called
evaporation
infiltration
precipitation
transpiration
A drainage basin or river basin is
the land covered by floodwaters
all streams that flow directly to the ocean
the channel of a stream
the land area that contributes water to a river
Aquifers that allow for good groundwater flow have many open spaces between the rocks or sediments that are connected to each other. Describe the aquifer using the terms below.
permeable and nonporous
permeable and porous
impermeable and porous
impermeable and nonporous
In the groundwater diagram, what process is happening at letter A?
Precipitation
Condensation
Infiltration
Evaporation
In the groundwater diagram, which letter indicates the area where water is being added to the groundwater system?
Arrow A
Arrow B
Arrow D
Arrow C
In the groundwater diagram, which process is happening at Arrow B?
Water vapor is condensing to liquid water
Liquid water is evaporating into the atmosphere
Precipitation is running off across the land surface
Liquid water is infiltrating into the groundwater system
What is significant about the area labeled E in the groundwater diagram?
it is a recharge zone for the confined aquifer
it is a discharge zone for the confined aquifer
it is the zone of aeration
there is no significance to this area for the confined aquifer
The layer of the diagram labeled C is which type of material?
permeable layer
aquifer
porous layer
impermeable layer
What is the area where water enters the aquifer called?
No fly zone
Recharge zone
Aquatard
Replacement zone
The boundary between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation is called the
watershed
water table
recharge zone
well
Which of the following has the lowest porosity?
Sand
Clay
A land area that is covered with water for part of the year is called:
river
lake
wetland
wasted land
Which of the following is a reason why wetlands are important?
Wetlands block water from flowing
Wetlands provide habitat for cactus
Wetlands act as a filtering system
Wetlands are a place where birds go to die
Wetlands help control flooding by
absorbing runoff from heavy rains
quickly releasing water
providing natural water filtration
collecting water behind dams
What do we call the land area that supplies water to a river system?
recharge
watershed
valley
runoff
Wetlands are important because
all of these choices
they support many species
they protect areas from floods
they help filter water of toxins and excess nutrients
What could happen to the water table if several houses sharing a well started pumping water at a high rate at the same time?
the wells will overflow
the water table may rise
the well will be completely dry
the water table may fall
Water can move through soil because of the soil’s
not well-sorted materials
permeability
impermeability
porosity that is low
What is an area called when the soil is totally filled up with water?
unsaturated zone
permeable
saturated zone
impermeable
Materials that do not allow water to pass through easily are called
impermeable
permeable
saturated
unsaturated
There are lakes that store water for humans to use; these are called
watersheds
aquifers
ponds
reservoirs
The source of human drinking water in urban areas is
an aquifer
lake water that is cleaned at a treatment plant
lake and river water that is cleaned at a treatment plant
river water that is cleaned at a treatment plant
What percent of water on Earth is considered freshwater?
3
97
2
1
A well pipe should be ______ of an aquifer.
at the bottom
above the top
any part
toward the middle
Which of the following contains more of Earth’s water?
oceans
lakes
glaciers
rivers
The source below the ground that provides water from underground is called
a reservoir
water treatment plant
aquifer
an unsaturated zone
Why is water from an aquifer more likely to be cleaner than from other sources?
it receives water directly from precipitation
it rises to the surface near lakes
it forms where fresh and salt water meet
pollutants can be filtered by rock and soil deep in the Earth
Which property of water explains why rock and soil particles often sink to the bottom of the saturated zone?
density
cohesion
adhesion
surface tension
What allows water to accumulate in the saturated zone?
condensation
precipitation and infiltration
precipitation
run-off
People in rural areas obtain drinking water from
rivers and lakes
rivers
wells drilled into reservoirs
wells drilled into aquifers
Wastewater is disinfected using
UV light only
bacteria
a filter
chlorine and/or UV light
Septic tanks are used for
storing waste
storing water
cleaning water for human use
holding water for human consumption
After wastewater is treated at a wastewater treatment plant, it is piped to homes to be used.
True
False
Water vapor forms drops on the outside of a glass; this represents which part of the hydrologic cycle?
sublimation
evaporation
transpiration
condensation
The water table is located
at the top of the saturated zone
at the top of the unsaturated zone
at the bottom of the saturated zone
Saturated zone
has spaces filled with water
has empty spaces
The water table level
is lower when it rains
is higher when it rains
is the same height always
What is the most common method for removing groundwater?
building a water tower
accessing the water table by use of low-grade explosives
a well bored into the zone of saturation
damming up a river
Sand is _______ meaning that water can pass through easily.
permeable
solid
impermeable
soft
Water from precipitation soaks down through permeable rock and soil layers. These layers contain air as well as water, so they are not filled with water. This top layer is the
unsaturated zone
saturated zone
A place where the water table intersects the ground surface and where a natural flow of groundwater results is called
an aqueduct
a spring
a fissure
a geyser
This is a picture of what? Refer to the picture provided on the worksheet.
Artesian well
Permeable rock
spring
Impermeable rock
An aquifer is a(n)
underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
type of hot spring from which water periodically erupts
place where groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock
A well in which groundwater rises because of pressure is called a(n)
spring
oil well
geyser
artesian well
Groundwater is often obtained by drilling a well to reach below the water table.
True
False
Artesian wells rely on pressure to bring water to the surface.
False
True
Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are
impermeable
saturated
permeable
unsaturated
What is the primary source of recharge for underground aquifers?
River water seepage
Rainwater infiltration
Ocean water intrusion
Evaporation from soils
Which of the following best describes the term aquifer?
A layer of rock or sediment that holds groundwater
A layer of rock that is impermeable to water
A type of soil that is always dry
A surface water body that feeds into rivers
What will occur as a result of garbage being placed on the surface of the old dump?
The garbage will become fun to swim with.
The groundwater under the dump will dry up.
The groundwater under the dump will reverse direction.
The groundwater under the dump will become polluted.
Fertilizer can seep through the ground to reach groundwater. What effect can it have?
Fertilizer can cause groundwater to freeze.
It will seep into the school.
Fertilizer can cause groundwater to become undrinkable.
Fertilizer can cause groundwater to reverse flow.
The photo shows rusting barrels floating in shallow river water. How will the rusting barrels in this stream affect the surface water in the watershed?
The barrels will alter the course of the surface water that reaches the river.
The barrels will not affect the surface water that reaches the river.
The barrels will be fun for Mrs. Glassmann to ride down the river.
The barrels will pollute the surface water that reaches the river.
What will happen if local groundwater makes contact with the barrels in this stream?
You can drink the water.
The groundwater will become less clean.
The groundwater will react by flowing back under the ground.
The groundwater will not be affected.
When an area is experiencing drought, humans may excessively pump groundwater out of aquifers. All of the following are effects of this excessive pumping EXCEPT —
Water quality decreasing.
Groundwater depleting.
Soil collapsing.
Dottie’s waterbowl.
Runoff will affect local watersheds in all of the following ways EXCEPT —
By introducing acid rock drainage to the lake and stream.
By increasing the number of animals that live in the lake or stream.
By contaminating the lake with heavy metals.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of algal bloom?
Humans dumped their trash directly into the pond, causing the water to become unclean.
Acid rain transported pollution from nearby bodies of water through the water cycle.
A seasonal algal cycle caused the water to have too many organisms living in it.
Fertilizers from nearby fields drained into the pond, causing an excess of nutrients.
Which of the following organisms do NOT benefit from the runoff?
Fish, swimming near the shore of the beach.
Crop plants, getting nutrients that normally wash out of the soil.
Microscopic organisms that cause the red tide.
Humans, using the fertilizer to produce more crops.
The volume of Earth’s groundwater is estimated to be 50 times the volume of freshwater found on Earth’s surface. Sometimes, communities use groundwater faster than the water can renew itself. What effect does this have on these communities?
Communities have to relocate to areas with more groundwater.
Communities must stop using water until the groundwater is replenished.
Communities must dig deeper wells to reach a lower water table.
LMS is forced to use reclaimed water only.
What does the red dye represent in the model?
Rainwater.
Dottie’s water.
Surface water.
Pollution caused by humans.
A new human community was built near the aquifer at some point in the last ten years. In which year was the community most likely built?
Year 7
Year 5
Year 3
Year 0
The model shows an aquifer. When an area is experiencing drought, humans may excessively pump groundwater out of aquifers like this one. All of the following are effects of this excessive pumping EXCEPT -
water quality decreasing
soil collapsing
groundwater depleting
the water table rising
The water table is located
at the top of the saturated zone
at the top of the unsaturated zone
at the bottom of the saturated zone
The saturated zone
has spaces filled with water
has empty spaces
The water table level
is lower when it rains
is the same height always
is higher when it rains
What is the most common method for removing groundwater?
damming up a river
accessing the water table by use of low-grade explosives
building a water tower
a well bored into the zone of saturation
Sand is ________, meaning that water can pass through easily.
permeable
impermeable
solid
soft
Water from precipitation soaks down through permeable rock and soil layers, so they are not filled with water. This top layer contains air as well as water. This top layer is the
unsaturated zone
saturated zone
A place where the water table intersects the ground surface and where a natural flow of groundwater results is called
a geyser
an aquatard
a spring
a fissure
This is a picture of what?
artesian well
permeable rock
spring
impermeable rock
A type of hot spring from which the water periodically erupts is a(n)
geyser
underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
place where groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock
A well in which groundwater rises because of pressure is called a(n)
artesian well
spring well
dry well
geyser
Groundwater is often obtained by drilling a well to reach below the water table.
True
False
Artesian wells rely on pressure to bring water to the surface.
True
False
Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are
saturated
unsaturated
impermeable
permeable
What is the primary source of recharge for underground aquifers?
rainwater infiltration
ocean water intrusion
river water seepage
Which of the following best describes the term aquifer?
a layer of rock or sediment that holds groundwater
a surface water body that feeds into rivers
a type of soil that is always dry
a layer of rock that is impermeable to water
People can obtain groundwater by drilling a well
into an aquifer
into the unsaturated zone
into the impermeable layer above the water table
The top of the saturated zone is known as the
aquifer
unsaturated zone
water table
spring rock
Groundwater naturally bubbles to the surface at
lakes
artesian wells
springs
aquifers
When people obtain groundwater from an aquifer by drilling into a well below the water table
well
spring
aquifer
New water that enters an aquifer
recharge
unsaturated zone
water table
pores
Spaces between particles of sediment in the ground
pores
well
spring
aquifer
Material that allows water to pass through
saturation zone
permeable
impermeable
aquifer
Which is the best way to get water from an aquifer with a well?
Drill above the water table.
Drill below the impermeable rock.
Drill below the water table.
Drill into the unsaturated zone.
Which describes materials that have large and connected pores, such as sand and gravel?
impermeable
unsaturated
permeable
saturated
Knowing the water table depth helps you reach which of the following?
groundwater
granite
springs
pores
Where can the water table be found?
in the unsaturated zone
between layers of impermeable rock
in the clay
at the top of the saturated zone
Which paragraph in the section "Invisible, But Drinkable" explains the various ways that groundwater is used?
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 2
What is the primary source of recharge for underground aquifers?
Rainwater infiltration
River water seepage
Ocean water intrusion
Evaporation from soil
Which of the following best describes the process of water moving through soil and rock to reach an aquifer?
Percolation
Evaporation
Condensation
Transpiration
How does surface water reach the ocean?
By being pumped from underground reservoirs
Through rivers, streams, and runoff from precipitation
Through underground tunnels
By evaporation from the ocean floor
What is the process of water seeping into the ground called?
percolation
exfiltration
evaporation
infiltration
What is the water table?
The water table is a type of board game played with water
The water table is a scientific term for the level of water in a glass
The water table is a type of furniture used for dining
The level below which the ground is saturated with water
How might groundwater become contaminated?
Contamination of groundwater is caused by excessive rainfall
Human activities such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and improper disposal of chemicals and waste
Groundwater contamination is a result of volcanic activity
Groundwater becomes contaminated due to natural processes
What are some advantages of using surface water as a water source?
Surface water is readily available and can be easily accessed for various uses
Surface water is difficult to access and not readily available
Surface water is not suitable for various uses
Surface water is expensive to use and maintain
What are some disadvantages of using groundwater as a water source?
Reduced risk of contamination
Increased water quality
Potential contamination and depletion of aquifers
Enhanced aquifer recharge
How does human activity impact surface and underground water?
Human activity has no impact on surface and underground water
Surface and underground water are not affected by human activity
Human activity can impact surface and underground water through pollution, over-extraction, and changes in land use
Human activity only has a positive impact on surface and underground water
What is the name of the area of groundwater where it is saturated?
Zone of Saturation
Water Table
Zone of Aeration
What is the area underground where there is not any water?
Water
Zone of Aeration
Zone of Saturation
The name of the area that is the upper level of the zone of saturation:
Water Table
Zone of Aeration
Zone of Saturation
Water stored below the Earth's surface is called:
Bogs
Groundwater
Water in the ground
When water soaks the ground it becomes groundwater through what process?
Runoff
Infiltration
Transpiration
The amount of space between soil is:
Permeability
Porosity
The ability of a liquid to flow through a substance is:
Porosity
Permeability
A material with a high porosity has:
Little space
A lot of spaces
A substance has a low permeability when:
Water can flow through easily
Water can't flow through easily
Water that seeps into the ground into spaces between bits of rocks and soil is called:
Groundwater
Spring
Water table
Aquifer
What is a hole dug below the water table that water seeps into?
Well
Spring
Reservoir
Aquifer
What is the top of the water-filled spaces in the ground called?
Reservoir
Groundwater
Water Table
Well
What is an underground layer of rock or soil filled with water called?
Spring
Aquifer
Reservoir
Well
What is a place where groundwater seeps out of the ground called?
Well
Spring
Reservoir
Aquifer
What are sources of water pollution?
All of these
Runoff water and groundwater
Industry and household waste
Precipitation as acid rain
What do we call the land area that supplies water to a river system?
Recharge
Watershed
Valley
Runoff
What do we call water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking in?
Runoff
Recharge
Tributary
Discharge
What mechanism controls the flow of water in runoff?
Permeability
Porosity
Temperature
Gravity
What mechanism controls the flow of water in runoff?
Gravity
Porosity
Temperature
Permeability
An aquifer is a(n):
Place where groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock
Type of hot spring from which the water periodically erupts
Underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
Well in which water rises because of pressure
A well in which groundwater rises because of pressure is called a(n):
Spring well
Geyser well
Artesian well
City well
Which well(s) end(s) in a saturated zone?
4 and 5
1 and 2
1, 3 and 5
Only 3
The materials that make up Aquifers A and B are:
Impermeable
Permeable
Which types of aquifers are in the most danger of becoming contaminated by pollutants?
Aquifers confined by a permeable layer
Unconfined aquifers
What is the water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers called?
Precipitation
Snow
Water Table
Groundwater
An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water?
Reservoir
Watershed
Groundwater
Aquifer
The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a
water table
watershed
trailer of house
Because they have large connected pores, materials such as sand and gravel allow water to pass through. This is known as
impermeable
permeable
Water from precipitation soaks down through permeable rock and soil layers. This top layer is called the
saturated zone
unsaturated zone
At some depth, the water reaches a level where the pores in the ground are saturated with water, called the
saturated zone
unsaturated zone
An underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that holds water and allows it to flow is called an
Ocean
Aquifer
Water shed
Water table
What is ecological succession?
The removal of all living organisms from an area
The process of one community replacing another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors
The destruction of a habitat due to natural disasters
The introduction of new species into an existing ecosystem
What is primary succession?
The recovery of an ecosystem after a disturbance such as fire or flood
The process by which pioneer species are replaced by intermediate species
The establishment of a community in an area that does not have topsoil
The initial establishment of a community in an area with existing soil
Which organisms are among the first to appear during primary succession?
Intermediate species
Lichens and some mosses
Mature trees and shrubs
Small weedy plants
What role do pioneer species play in primary succession?
They are the final species to appear in a climax community
They are responsible for the introduction of animals to the ecosystem
They prevent soil erosion by establishing a root system
They secrete acids that help break down rocks to form soil
What is a climax community?
A stable, mature community with little change in the number of species
The initial stage of an ecosystem with pioneer species
A community that is disturbed by natural events like fire or flood
A community that changes rapidly with a high number of species
How does secondary succession differ from primary succession?
Secondary succession is unpredictable, while primary succession is orderly
Secondary succession occurs with soil present, while primary succession starts without soil
Secondary succession involves only animal species, while primary succession involves only plant species
Secondary succession occurs without soil, while primary succession requires soil
What are two things mentioned in the reading that can happen that might affect an ecosystem?
Urban development and deforestation
Climate change and pollution
Overfishing and acid rain
Natural disasters and invasive species
Define ecological succession.
The process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment
What is primary succession?
The replacement of one community by another at a single location over a period of time
Succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed
The final stage of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by an event such as fire or human interference
Succession that occurs on surfaces where an ecosystem has previously existed
Describe an example of primary succession.
A new community developing after a forest fire
Grasses growing on a sand dune that was previously occupied by shrubs
A forest developing on a newly formed volcanic island
A garden growing in an abandoned urban lot
What is a pioneer species?
A species that prevents other species from entering an ecosystem
A species that is dominant in the final stage of succession
The first species to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems
A species that is introduced to an ecosystem by human activity
How long might it take for an ecosystem to become balanced?
Many decades to several centuries
A few months to several years
A few weeks to a couple of months
Several years to many decades
What happens when an ecosystem is in equilibrium?
The ecosystem is highly susceptible to invasive species
The ecosystem's community structure does not change much over time
The ecosystem begins the process of primary succession
The ecosystem experiences rapid changes and high species turnover
