in the transpeptidation reaction of the peptidoglycan synthesis in Gram(-) bacteria, the displaced amino acid is ?

(a)  

in the type iv pilus, which protein has an ATPase function for pilus assembly and extension?

(a)  

immediate precursor of lysine in bacterial CW for bacterial biosynthesis of an amino acid

(a)  

negatively charged so generally responsible for the whole cell surface charge. it is also highly antigenic and facilitates the attachment of bacteriophages

(a)  

teichoic acid is composed of these compounds with attached molecules of glucose or D-Ala. ___ and ___

(a)  

it extends all the way to the CM and is covalently linked, linear polymers of 16-40 phosphodiester-linked glycerophosphate residues.

(a)  

composed of alternating repeats of glucose residues, which is also called murein. it is a big, insoluble, porous polymer

(a)  

glucose residues of bacterial peptidoglycan (do not abbreviate)

(a)  

glycosidic linkage of bacterial peptidoglycan

(a)  

during biosynthesis, it carries the PG precursors through the cell membrane

(a)  

an enzyme that destroys the old beta-1,4 bonds to attach new NAM-NAG precursors.

(a)  

is a transpeptidase that catalyzes the formation of cross-bridges and synthesis in bacterial CW peptidoglycan

(a)  

substance that binds to D-ala-D-ala terminal of PG precursors; prevents cross-linking

(a)  

substance that inhibits transpeptidase, preventing cross-linking. it is especially true in Gram(+) bacteria but has a weak penetration in Gram(-) bacteria due to its selective permeability.

(a)  

substance that has the same function as Penicillin but it is especially effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Proteus species

(a)  

substance that inhibits Alanine racemase and D-ala-D-ala dipeptide during the cytoplasmic stage

(a)  

a composition of the Gram-positive CW that is an acidic polysaccharide containing uronic acids

(a)  

what are the four compositions of the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacterial CW

(a)  

an endotoxin of the Gram-negative bacterial CW that is an effective barrier against many substances that may penetrate the CM

(a)  

is a short polysaccharide of the OM consisting of peculiar sugars that varies between bacterial strains (sugars: glucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, dideoxyhexose)

(a)  

FAs bonded through the amine groups from a disaccharide composed of glucosamine phosphate linked by beta-1,6 bonds. it also helps in avoidance of host defenses.

(a)  

it mediates interconnection between the OM and murein

(a)  

an aqueous component between the cell membrane and OM in Gram-negative bacteria

(a)  

it is a component of the periplasm that degrade nutrients to smaller molecules that can be transported across the membrane by specific transporter

(a)  

a component of the periplasm involved in the osmotic regulation of the periplasm because their amounts decrease when the cells are grown in media of high osmolarity

(a)  

a component of the periplasm that is required for the uptake of several solutes that do not diffuse through the porin.

(a)  

are integral membrane proteins in the CW of Gram(-) bacteria. composed of beta-barrel architecture with short loops between strands on the periplasmic side and large, extended loops on the extracellular side. (three words; do not abbreviate)

(a)  

is a protein porin specific for maltose and maltodextrin. it is a receptor for bacteriophage lambda.

(a)  

it is a major OMPs for structural support and cell adhesion in Gram(-) bacteria.

(a)  

they are mostly in Gram(-) bacteria that forms small hydrophilic channels through the outer envelpoe allowing the passive diffusion of neutral and charged (<600 Daltons) solutes of MW.

(a)  

it consist of interlocking molecules of proteins or glycoproteins of the archaeal CW, sometimes with COOH attached. sufficiently strong to withstand osmotic pressure alone.

(a)  

consists of glycan units NAG and NAT, linked by beta-1,3 glycosidic bonds, and has L-amino acids peptide bridge.

(a)  

cell wall profile/s of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. (do not abbreviate)

(a)  

cell wall profile/s of Thermoplasma. (do not abbreviate)

(a)  

a class of small cell wall-less bacteria that possesses distinct morphologies.

(a)  

the additional layer in the CM of Mollicutes.

(a)  

its major functions are: selective permeability, protein anchor, and energy conservation and consumption

(a)  

in Eukaryotic cells, where does energy conservation for respiration takes place?

(a)  

in Eukaryotic cells, where does energy conservation for photosynthesis takes place?

(a)  

what do you call the hydrophobic tail of the lipid monolayer in Archaea?

(a)  

the linkage between the hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head in Bacteria and Eukarya?

(a)  

the linkage between the hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head in Archaea?

(a)  

the archaeol analogue of phosphatidylethanolamine

(a)  

what enzymes do bacteria do not possess when it cannot carry out stage 1 of glycolysis?

(a)  

A series of enzymatic reactions in glycolysis converting glucose to pyruvate. (pathway)

(a)  

What is the primary end product of the Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas Pathway?

(a)  

It acts as an electron carrier, becoming NADH during glycolysis.

(a)  

A process where ATP is produced directly from a substrate during glycolysis.

(a)  

How many ATP molecules are generated in glycolysis?

(a)  

What is the initial substrate for the Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas Pathway?

(a)  

In the first step in glycolysis involves the phosphorylation of glucose to form (a)   .

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

(a)  

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone?

(a)  

The anaerobic catabolism that follows glycolysis, regenerating NAD+. In this process, the organic compound is both an electron donor and an electron acceptor.

(a)  

Pyruvate is converted to ___ or ___ during fermentation.

(a)  

What is the total yield of NADH from one glucose molecule in glycolysis?

(a)  

A metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses from glucose-6-phosphate, and generates reducing equivalents for reductive biosynthesis reactions within the cells.

(a)  

A molecule in PPP that provides reducing power for biosynthetic reactions.

(a)  

Fill in the blank: The Pentose Phosphate Pathway is also known as the (a)   pathway.

A pentose sugar produced in the non-oxidative phase of the pathway.

(a)  

What is produced during the oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

(a)  

A five-carbon sugar molecule important in nucleic acid structure.

(a)  

Fill in the blank: Transaldolase and transketolase are enzymes in the (a)   phase.

What are the end products of the non-oxidative phase?

(a)  

A metabolic pathway that is unique in prokaryotes, especially in Gram(-) bacteria. It may be used to catabolize gluconate or gluconic acid.

(a)  

What are the end products of the Entner-Duodoroff Pathway?

(a)  

A key intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis.

(a)  

a molecule in the EDP that is toxic for the cell, inhibits its growth

(a)  

This species' sole pathway is anaerobic Entner-Duodoroff Pathway

(a)  

The metabolic process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

(a)  

Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

(a)  

A multi-enzyme complex that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.

(a)  

What are the three main components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

(a)  

What is produced alongside acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

(a)  

What is produced alongside acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

(a)  

A cofactor that carries acetyl groups into the Krebs cycle, in the context of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

(a)  

it exerts feedback inhibition to phosphofructokinase

(a)  

A reactive dicarbonyl compound involved in various metabolic pathways.

(a)  

How many turns of the Krebs cycle will each glucose molecule produce?

(a)  

How many turns of the Krebs cycle will each glucose molecule produce?

(a)