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WorksheetsBinary System Fundamentals
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which statement best explains why computers use the binary system?
Computers can store more colors with decimals
Computers prefer symbols that resemble letters
Computers naturally count using base ten digits
Computers process information using two stable states
What does each binary digit (bit) represent in a computer?
An ON or OFF state
A number from zero to nine
A letter of the alphabet
A random electrical noise
What is the denary value of the binary number 111?
Seven in base ten
Three in base ten
Nine in base ten
Five in base ten
Which place values correspond to the first five positions from right to left in binary?
1, 2, 4, 8, 16
1, 3, 6, 9, 12
0, 1, 2, 3, 4
10, 20, 30, 40, 50
Using place values, what is the denary value of 10110?
Eighteen in denary
Twenty-four in denary
Twenty-two in denary
Sixteen in denary
Which sequence shows correct steps for converting 38 to binary using repeated division by 2?
38→20 r−2, 20→10 r0, 10→5 r0, 5→2 r1, 2→1 r0
38→18 r2, 18→9 r0, 9→3 r0, 3→1 r0, 1→0 r1
38→19 r1, 19→9 r0, 9→4 r1, 4→2 r0, 2→1 r1, 1→0 r0
38→19 r0, 19→9 r1, 9→4 r1, 4→2 r0, 2→1 r0, 1→0 r1
When reading the result of denary-to-binary conversion by division, which direction should the remainders be read?
From right to left
From left to right
From top to bottom
From bottom to top
What is 1011010 + 1010001 in binary?
10110101
11110001
10011101
10101011
In binary addition, what is the result of 1 + 1?
0 with no carry
0 with a carry of 1
2 with no carry
1 with a carry of 0
Which statement about binary addition is correct?
1 + 0 equals 1 with no carry
1 + 1 + 1 equals 0 with no carry
0 + 0 equals 1 with a carry
1 + 1 equals 1 with no carry
To multiply a binary number by 2, what operation should be performed?
Shift the number right by one place
Invert all of the bits
Shift the number left by one place
Add a zero to the right end
Multiplying a binary number by 8 can be done by which single operation?
Shift left by eight places
Shift right by three places
Shift right by one place
Shift left by three places
During left shifts for multiplication, what fills the new rightmost positions?
Original left bits wrap around
Ones are inserted on the right
Zeros are inserted on the right
Random bits appear on the right
For binary division by 4, which operation is equivalent?
Shift the number right by two places
Shift the number right by four places
Shift the number left by one place
Shift the number left by two places
When shifting right for division, what happens if a bit moves past the 2^0 place?
That bit turns into a carry
That bit becomes the new MSB
That bit changes from 1 to 0
That bit is lost permanently
Which pair correctly matches operation and shift direction?
Divide by 2 → shift right one
Multiply by 8 → shift right three
Multiply by 4 → shift left two
Divide by 8 → shift left three
What is the result of shifting the 8-bit value 01101100 one place to the left?
00110110 with truncation
11011000 with zero filled
01101100 unchanged
11101101 with wraparound
What risk occurs when left-shifting an 8-bit value too far?
Gaining precision by adding more bits
Losing the most significant bit due to overflow
Duplicating the least significant bit repeatedly
Creating decimal digits inside binary
In an 8-bit register, excessive right shifts mainly risk losing which part of the number?
Bits always reappear on the left
The least significant bit repeatedly
The most significant bit repeatedly
The middle two bits only
Which statement about CPU registers in this context is true?
They cannot hold binary zeros at any time
They store data only during division pipeline
They always store unlimited-length numbers
They often have an 8-bit limit for stored values
Which statement best describes the hexadecimal number system?
It is base 16 using sixteen symbols
It is base 2 using two symbols
It is base 10 using ten symbols
It is base 8 using eight symbols
Why is hexadecimal commonly used when working with binary data?
It makes numbers always smaller
It shortens long binary representations
It increases calculation accuracy
It avoids using digits above nine
According to the standard hexadecimal digits, what denary value does the hex digit A represent?
Ten in denary form
Fifteen in denary form
Eight in denary form
Twelve in denary form
Which binary nibble corresponds to the hexadecimal digit F?
1111 in binary form
1000 in binary form
1010 in binary form
1101 in binary form
Which is the correct mapping between binary, hexadecimal, and denary for the value 1100?
1100 = C = twelve
1100 = E = fourteen
1100 = D = thirteen
1100 = B = eleven
When converting a binary number to hexadecimal, how should the bits be grouped?
Into groups of four from the right
Into groups of eight from the right
Into groups of four from the left
Into groups of two from the left
Fill missing leading bits with zeros when binary groups are incomplete. Which rewritten form is correct for 111010110011?
1011 1000 1100 0011
0001 1101 0110 0011
1110 1011 0011 0000
0011 1010 1100 0011
Convert the binary number 1110 0101 1011 to hexadecimal.
D7C in hexadecimal form
E6A in hexadecimal form
EB5 in hexadecimal form
E5B in hexadecimal form
Which step is NOT part of converting binary to hexadecimal?
Read groups from right to left
Convert each nibble using a table
Group bits into nibbles first
Multiply by powers of sixteen
Convert the hexadecimal number F4B to binary.
1111 0100 1011
1110 0101 1101
1101 0111 0010
1011 1110 0101
Which is the correct binary for the hexadecimal digit 4?
0010 exactly four bits
0100 exactly four bits
0110 exactly four bits
1000 exactly four bits
When converting denary to hexadecimal using repeated division by 16, how are the hex digits read?
From bottom remainder to top remainder
From top remainder to bottom remainder
From left remainder to right remainder
From right remainder to left remainder
Convert the denary number 2004 to hexadecimal using remainders 4, 13, and 7.
47D as hexadecimal result
74D as hexadecimal result
7D4 as hexadecimal result
D74 as hexadecimal result
Which pair correctly converts a single hex digit to denary?
D equals thirteen
E equals fifteen
C equals eleven
B equals twelve
Which pair correctly matches a hexadecimal digit with its binary nibble?
A ↔ 1000 binary
E ↔ 1010 binary
B ↔ 1100 binary
9 ↔ 1001 binary
Select all statements that are true about hexadecimal digits.
They require grouping bits in pairs only
Each hex digit maps to four binary bits
They represent values zero through fifteen
They include digits 0–9 and letters A–F
Which is the correct hex value for the binary groups 0010 1111?
3E as the hexadecimal
1F as the hexadecimal
2F as the hexadecimal
2E as the hexadecimal
Which method will correctly convert the denary number 125 to hexadecimal?
Divide by 16 to get 7 remainder 13
Divide by 15 to get 8 remainder 5
Divide by 8 to get 15 remainder 5
Multiply by 16 to reduce value
Which hexadecimal color code shows a lot of red, some green, and slightly less blue?
2233FF in RGB notation
33FF22 in RGB notation
22FF33 in RGB notation
FF3322 in RGB notation
Which statement about nibble-based grouping is correct when converting binary to hex?
Start grouping from the rightmost bit
Start grouping from the leftmost bit
Always use groups of five bits
Insert ones to fill groups
Which best explains why error codes are often shown in hexadecimal?
Hex fits memory addresses compactly
Hex is easier than decimal to speak
Hex avoids all typing mistakes
Hex displays with more colors
In computer error messages, what do the hexadecimal numbers usually indicate?
The memory location of the error
The username that caused the error
The temperature of the CPU
The time zone of the computer
Who needs to interpret hexadecimal error codes most frequently?
Programmers diagnosing system problems
Casual users browsing social media
Network gamers configuring audio
Graphic designers choosing fonts
What does MAC in MAC address stand for?
Modular address chip
Media access control
Master allocation code
Machine authentication certificate
Which statement about a MAC address is correct?
It uniquely identifies a device on a network
It changes daily to improve privacy
It labels the user’s internet plan
It stores the device’s battery health
Where is a device’s MAC address associated?
The network interface card
The cloud storage folder
The computer screen saver
The power supply adapter
Why are MAC addresses rarely changed?
Devices can be identified anywhere
Routers require hourly updates
Batteries last longer with static IDs
Colors on screens stay consistent
Which statements about IP addressing are true?
Every networked device gets an IP address
IPv4 uses 32 bits per address
IPv6 can be written with hexadecimal
IPv6 is smaller than IPv4 in bits
How is an IPv6 address structured in terms of size?
128 bits split into 16-bit chunks
32 bits written as four chunks
64 bits split into 8-bit chunks
256 bits stored as 32-bit chunks
Which best contrasts IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 is newer and more secure
IPv6 replaces decimal with binary
IPv6 is an improved, larger format
IPv4 allows more devices than IPv6
In web design, what are HTML color codes primarily used for?
Measuring screen resolution
Specifying colors on web pages
Compressing website images
Encrypting web page scripts
Which is true about HTML as mentioned?
It runs the computer operating system
It is a markup language, not programming
It is only for mobile app coding
It is a database query language
In a 24-bit color code like #RRGGBB, what do the pairs represent?
Hex values for red, green, blue
File sizes in megabytes
Monitor refresh rate units
Keyboard shortcut numbers
Which hexadecimal code represents pure blue in 24‑bit RGB?
#0000FF
#FF0000
#00FF00
#FFFF00
Which codes match the color names shown in the example?
#FF00FF is orange
#0000FF is blue
#FF0000 is red
#00FF00 is green
In a Local Area Network, what does a MAC address primarily do?
Measure the speed of the network connection
Assign internet service to each device
Uniquely identify a device on the LAN
Encrypt all data sent over the LAN
Which statement best describes the two common written forms of a MAC address?
Dash-separated and colon-separated hexadecimal pairs
Words showing device brand and model
Decimal numbers separated by commas
Binary digits grouped by spaces only
Which pair shows the SAME MAC address written in two accepted forms?
00-1C-B3-4F-25-FE and 00:1C:B3:4F:25:FE
00-1C-B3-4F-25-FE and 00-1C-B4:4F:25:FE
00-1C-B3-4F-25-FE and 00-1C-B3-4F-25-FF
00:1C:B3:4F:25:FE and 00:1C:B3:4F:25:EF
On the diagram, two laptops have MAC addresses 00_1C_B3_4F_25_FE and 00_1C_C3_4F_23_AE. What point is being illustrated?
Both devices share the same manufacturer code
Each device has a different unique identifier
MAC addresses change every time you send data
The last block always shows the network name
A MAC address is made of six pairs of hexadecimal characters. What do the first three pairs typically represent?
Identity number of the manufacturer
The device’s IP subnet address
The Wi‑Fi network channel used
The encryption key for messages
In the example 00-1C-B3-4F-25-FE, what do the last three pairs usually indicate?
Country code of the user’s location
Serial number specific to the device
Date when the device was manufactured
Physical port used on the router
Which option shows a correctly formatted MAC address using dashes?
AB-CD-EF-12-34-56
AB CD EF 12 34 56
AB.CD.EF.12.34.56
AB:CD:EF:12:34:56
Which are valid hexadecimal characters that can appear in a MAC address pair?
G–Z
0–9
a–f
A–F
Why can two devices from the same manufacturer still have different MAC addresses?
The LAN renames devices automatically
Manufacturers reuse the exact same address
Routers assign random MAC addresses
Each device has a unique serial portion
Which description matches the role of MAC addresses compared to IP addresses within a LAN?
MAC identifies the router; IP identifies the cable type
MAC identifies the website; IP identifies the password
MAC identifies the user; IP identifies the username
MAC identifies the hardware; IP identifies the network location
Choose all strings that could be MAC addresses in colon format.
12:34:56:78:9A:BC
00:1C:B3:4F:25:FE
0G:1C:B3:4F:25:FE
AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
What does the phrase 'Mac Address comes with 2 forms' most likely refer to in the diagrams?
Two networks used by the same device
Two different manufacturers per device
Two different addresses for one device
Two ways to write the same address pairs
If a device’s manufacturer code is 00-1C-B3, which part would change to keep each device unique?
The last three pairs like 4F-25-FE
The first pair only like 00
None of the pairs should ever change
The middle dash characters only
Which statement is TRUE about MAC addresses on a LAN?
Switches use them to direct frames locally
They are mainly used for routing across the internet
They store usernames for Wi‑Fi networks
They show the current battery level of devices
In an 8-bit two’s complement system, what does the most-significant bit (left-most bit) represent?
It indicates the sign of the number
It is always a place value 128
It doubles the next bit’s value
It stores parity for error check
Which statement correctly defines two’s complement representation for signed 8-bit numbers?
Uses an extra ninth bit for sign
Uses left-most bit as sign bit
Uses Gray code for negatives
Uses base-three place values
In two’s complement 8-bit, what is the denary value of 10010011? Use place values −128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 as appropriate.
−115 after inverting all bits
−109 after summing active places
+109 after ignoring the sign bit
+147 after adding 128 and 19
Which step comes first when converting an 8-bit two’s complement number to denary?
Check the left-most bit
Strip leading zeros only
Subtract smallest place value
Invert bits and add one
In two’s complement, which of these indicates a negative number in 8-bit form?
Left-most bit equals 1
Right-most bit equals 1
Sum of bits is odd
There are two consecutive ones
In an 8-bit two’s complement system, which place value list is correct when the sign bit is set?
−256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2
−128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
−1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
When the required number is positive in two’s complement, what should the sign bit be set to?
Always set to one
Alternates every byte
Copied from least bit
Always set to zero
Which option correctly interprets 01100101 in 8-bit two’s complement?
Overflow because too many ones
Zero because bits are balanced
Negative because sign bit is 1
Positive because sign bit is 0
Choose all true statements about two’s complement in 8-bit representation.
A sign bit of 1 always means zero
The sign bit uses the −128 place value
A sign bit of 0 means positive
Add active place values to get denary
What is the range of denary values representable in 8-bit two’s complement?
0 to +255 inclusive
−127 to +128 inclusive
−128 to +127 inclusive
−255 to +255 inclusive
Which action is needed to convert a negative two’s complement number to denary using place values?
Replace 128 with −128 when MSB is 1
Ignore all zeros and add ones
Flip bits then subtract one
Divide the sum of bits by two
Which binary equals −1 in 8-bit two’s complement?
11111111
00000001
01111111
10000000
Which binary equals +1 in 8-bit two’s complement?
11111111
01111111
00000001
10000001
What is the denary value of 11110110 in 8-bit two’s complement?
−10 using −128+64+32+16+4+2
−122 using −128+4+2
+122 using 64+32+16+8+2
+246 using 128+64+32+16+4+2
If a processor treats the 8th column as a sign bit, which interpretation is correct for 10000000?
It represents −0 in denary
It represents +128 in denary
It represents −128 in denary
It represents 0 in denary
Which statement best explains why computers use character sets for text?
They ensure characters share common binary codes
They make typing faster on all keyboards
They store images with fewer pixels
They allow speakers to play louder sounds
How many bits does standard ASCII use to represent each character?
Seven bits per character
Eight bits per character
Six bits per character
Four bits per character
Which items are included in the 128-character ASCII set?
All emojis
Digits 0–9
Uppercase letters A–Z
Lowercase letters a–z
What was the main reason for creating Extended ASCII?
To represent 256 characters including extra symbols
To make binary numbers shorter and simpler
To replace Unicode on modern systems
To remove punctuation from the character set
Why did Unicode become necessary after Extended ASCII?
To cover many languages and thousands of symbols
To compress files more efficiently than ASCII
To improve audio quality of recordings
To store images with better color depth
How many bits per character does the basic Unicode form described here use?
Twelve bits per character
Thirty-two bits per character
Sixteen bits per character
Seven bits per character
Roughly how many characters can be represented using 16-bit Unicode?
Less than five hundred characters
About one thousand characters
Exactly one hundred twenty-eight characters
Over sixty-five thousand characters
Which sequence shows the correct process for representing sound in a computer?
Software guesses tones, microphone converts binary, sound becomes analog
Speaker samples microphone input, software prints waveform, binary makes music
Binary digits create analog waves, microphone records them, software plays them
Microphone captures analog sound, software samples it, binary digits store it
What does sampling do when turning sound into digital form?
Converts text characters into tones
Adds echoes to create depth in audio
Changes pitch to match a standard key
Measures amplitude at set time intervals
In sound sampling, what does each sample become inside the computer?
A hardware voltage spike
A musical note symbol
A colorful image pixel
A series of binary digits
Which factor increases the accuracy of a digital recording?
Sampling once per minute only
Turning off the recording software
Using fewer bits for each sample
More available values for binary digits
Sampling rate is measured in hertz (Hz). What does 1 Hz mean here?
One sample per second
One byte per sample
One cycle per minute
One bit per character
Select the true statements about higher sampling rates.
They increase file size
They can improve sound quality
They always reduce distortion to zero
They may require more processing power
Which is a drawback of higher sampling rate when recording music?
Takes longer to transmit or download files
Eliminates the need for microphones
Reduces the dynamic range of recordings
Prevents capturing quiet sounds accurately
Which benefit is linked with higher sampling rate and bit depth in audio?
Larger dynamic range with less distortion
Guaranteed smaller audio file size
Instant transmission over any network
Perfectly accurate analog reproduction
Which statement best describes a bitmap image?
A list of colors in a palette
A map of bits arranged as pixels
A stream of compressed audio
A vector of scalable shapes
In a computer, each pixel is stored as:
A string of decimal digits
A series of binary numbers
A continuous analog signal
A mix of letters and symbols
How many colors can be represented with an n-bit color depth?
n^2 color options
2n colors at most
n×2 colors total
2n possible colors
Modern 24-bit color can represent approximately how many colors?
Exactly 24 million colors
About 1.6 million colors
Around 24 thousand colors
Over 16 million colors
Black-and-white bitmap images typically require how many bits per pixel?
2 bits per pixel
8 bits per pixel
1 bit per pixel
16 bits per pixel
Which change increases image file size the most, assuming the other factor stays the same?
Shorter image dimensions
Fewer color channels used
Lower resolution in pixels
Higher resolution in pixels
Which statements are true about higher image resolution?
Usually increases download time
Requires more storage space
Reduces image detail shown
Decreases the number of pixels
According to the SI system, 1 megabyte (MB) equals:
1,000,000 bytes
1,048,576 bytes
1,024,000 bytes
1,073,741,824 bytes
In the IEC (kibi) system, which is correct?
1 GiB = 1024 MiB
1 MiB = 1024 KiB
1 KiB = 1000 bytes
1 KiB = 1024 bytes
Convert 72 GiB to bytes using the IEC system.
77,309,411,328 bytes
1,099,511,627,776 bytes
73,741,824 bytes
72,000,000,000 bytes
What is the formula to estimate image file size in bits (uncompressed bitmap)?
Resolution in pixels × color depth
Pixels per inch × megabytes
Color depth ÷ resolution value
File size in bytes × kilobytes
A certain amount of quality reduction may be unnoticeable. This most closely relates to:
Perceptual limits in compression
Increased binary precision
Analog signal sampling
Vector path smoothing
What is the main purpose of data compression?
To reduce file size for efficiency
To increase file size for backups
To encrypt files for security
To convert files into text only
Which is a common benefit of compressing files?
Higher color depth in images
Reduced streaming time and costs
Slower upload and download times
Larger storage requirement overall
Which statement best describes lossy compression?
It stores every bit for perfect recovery
It removes some data that cannot be recovered
It adds extra bits to improve quality
It only applies to spreadsheets and text
Which change is typical when using lossy compression for sound?
Removal of background noise only
Increased number of audio channels
Conversion from MP3 to WAV format
Reduced sampling rate or resolution
Which image format mentioned uses lossy compression for bitmap images?
JPEG for bitmap images
PNG for vector images
GIF for raw images
TIFF for text scans
Which description fits MPEG-3 in the notes?
Designed only for still image compression
Removes only sounds within human hearing
Increases sound file size about ten percent
Reduces sound file size about ninety percent
What is a feature of MPEG-4 according to the material?
Cannot be used for internet streaming
Supports streaming movies in MP4 format
Always loses noticeable understanding
Only stores still images without audio
What happens to the original file after lossy compression?
It cannot be fully reconstructed again
It can be restored perfectly anytime
It doubles in size when restored
It becomes a spreadsheet automatically
Which statement is true about lossless compression?
All original data can be reconstructed
It only works on music and videos
It always reduces quality for speed
Some color information is removed
For which files is lossless compression especially important?
Casual photos where quality is flexible
Streaming movies where bandwidth is high
Temporary logs where accuracy is unneeded
Complex spreadsheets where loss is disastrous
Which technique is given as an example of lossless compression?
MPEG psychoacoustic model
JPEG subsampling method
Run-length encoding method
Downscaling image resolution
In run-length encoding, how is a repeated string stored?
As a color table with entries
As each symbol individually again
As a checksum and a header
As the count and the data item
RLE works best under which condition?
With mixed audio and video frames
With encrypted binary-only values
With entirely random unique values
With many adjacent repeated values
A sequence of sixteen bytes contains runs: aaaaa, bbbbb, cc, ddddd. Using RLE where each count and value take one byte, what total size results?
Twelve bytes after compression
Four bytes after compression
Sixteen bytes after compression
Eight bytes after compression
Which limitation of run-length encoding is noted?
It does not work well with no repeats
It cannot represent any digits at all
It only compresses audio waveforms
It always increases image color depth
Which actions imitate JPEG’s lossy approach when doing it yourself?
Reduce colour depth of the image
Add extra identical pixels to edges
Reduce the image resolution
Increase sampling rate of audio
Which are typical overall benefits of compression listed in the notes?
Reduce streaming time for media
Save storage space on devices
Increase total file processing time
Lower transfer time for uploads
Which statement best describes a data packet in computer networks?
A small unit of data sent separately
A complete message sent as one piece
A security code added to messages
A hardware device that routes signals
What is a common approximate size for each data packet mentioned in class notes?
About sixty-four kibibytes
About six hundred kilobytes
About six kibibytes total
About sixty-four bytes only
Which item is typically found in the header of a packet?
Sender IP address information
The entire application program
CRC results from other packets
Physical cable specifications
What is the main role of the payload in a data packet?
It records physical link speed
It holds network timing signals
It stores routing table entries
It carries the actual data content
Which pair belongs in the trailer of a packet?
End identification and error check
Encryption keys and passwords
IP addresses and subnet mask
Sequence numbers and timestamps
What does the sequence number in a packet help ensure?
Correct ordering of packets
Higher wireless signal strength
Faster router processing speed
Stronger encryption for security
In Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), what does the receiver do to detect errors?
Removes trailers after delivery
Recalculates one-bits and compares
Sends packets again automatically
Encrypts headers before routing
If the receiver’s CRC value differs from the trailer’s value, what is concluded?
The router shortened the message
The data is authenticated correctly
The data was corrupted in transit
The bandwidth limit was exceeded
Which statement best describes packet switching?
A dedicated line connects two computers
All packets follow the exact same route
Data is sent without being split up
Packets travel independently through routers
Routers in packet switching choose routes mainly based on which factors?
Network traffic conditions
Shortest available path
Sender’s CPU temperature
Wallpaper color on devices
Which is a benefit of packet switching?
All packets arrive in sequence
Instant reassembly at destination
Guaranteed zero packet loss
No dedicated line is required
Which is a drawback of packet switching?
Blocks CRC from being used
Needs parallel transmission only
Requires three-way handshakes
Possible packet loss or reordering
Which statement about serial transmission is accurate?
One bit at a time on one wire
Multiple bits simultaneously only
Fastest over very short ranges
Cheapest but unreliable always
Why is serial transmission preferred for long distances?
It is more reliable with fewer errors
It avoids using any physical wires
It sends entire files at once
It eliminates the need for routers
Which statement about parallel transmission is correct?
Free from timing skew problems
Always better for long distances
Only one bit sent at once on fiber
Multiple bits sent at once through wires
A likely issue in parallel transmission over distance is called skew. What is skew?
Packets lost in the network
Routers looping a message
Bits arriving at different times
Extra CRC bits being added
Match each communication mode to its description:
Simplex: both directions always
Full-duplex: simultaneous directions
Half-duplex: alternating directions
Simplex: one-way only
Which example correctly matches the mode of communication?
Radios are always full-duplex
Walkie-talkies are half-duplex
Printers are full-duplex only
Broadband is usually simplex
Which statement compares modes accurately?
Simplex always slower than full-duplex
Full-duplex requires packet switching only
Half-duplex means no data can be sent
Simplex uses full bandwidth without return
Which statement best describes USB in computers?
A serial transmission port for peripherals
An analog audio port for speakers
A parallel transmission port for displays
A wireless port for network devices
A standard USB cable has four wires. Which pairing correctly matches their functions and common colors?
Power: red, white; Data: green, black
Power: white, green; Data: red, black
Power: red, black; Data: white, green
Power: green, black; Data: red, white
What happens when you plug a new USB device into a computer?
The system detects voltage changes on data lines
The system automatically loads the correct driver
The device only works after a full system reboot
The user may be prompted to install a missing driver
