when one stanza ends and another begins

the end of one line of poetry, and the beginning of a new line

blankness or emptiness to visually create an aesthetic;

creates lack of sound or changes the sound

when a poet moves the text away from the left-hand margin

to complicate traditional line breaks

the pattern of rhyming lines;

named using the letters of the alphabet (for example, AABBAABB)

the rhyming of the words at the end of the line;

words with the same ending sounds

the rhyming of two words inside the same line of poetry

words that sound alike or similar but not exactly the same

a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables creates the rhythm of lines of poetry

the repetition of the vowel sound across words within the lines of the poem

(beginning-middle-end)

refers to the repetition of consonant sounds anywhere within nearby words,

not just at the beginning of words

The forming of a word (as “buzz” or “hiss”) in imitation of a natural sound;

sound effects

words or phrases that are repeated

Words near each other that start with the same sound;

repetition of initial (beginning) sounds in two or more nearby words

using our 5 senses to write about objects, actions, and ideas

(sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch)

the physical organization of a poem;

how a poem looks on the page or how it is built

Rhyming words or sounds associated with a poem;

specific sounds or patterns of sound within and between words;

rhythm that is created by stressed and unstressed syllables

A comparison of two unlike things, often introduced by like or as

Calling something a new name;

a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to show they are similar

Making something not human seem alive;

representing a thing or idea as a person in art, literature

A brief and indirect reference to a well-known or famous person, place, thing, or

idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance

(example: You don’t have to be Albert Einstein to understand poetry.)

An expression that cannot be understood from the meanings

of its separate words but must be learned as a whole

(example: That test was a piece of cake!)

this type of irony occurs whenever a speaker or narrator verbally says something that differs from what they mean, what they intend, or what the situation requires

(includes sarcasm, understatement, and overstatement)

this type of irony happens when the audience/reader knows more about the drama

than one or more characters

this type of irony occurs when the outcome or situation

is the opposite or completely different from what was expected

a typical character, setting, situation, or symbol that recurs in different versions of a story;

a common element in many stories

Hero, Sage, Innocent, and Rebel are typical examples of...

A Cave, Mountain, Island, or Garden are examples of...

What are the 4 ways authors create and develop

their characters and the characters' perspectives?

What are the 5 parts of plot called

What is the lesson or message of a poem or story called?

Simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, allusion, alliteration, and idiom

are all examples of...

An appeal to credibility, trustworthiness, ethics, or moral principles

An appeal to logic or reason

An appeal to emotion or feelings

An appeal to time or place

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally

Underemphasis or understatement

especially in order to achieve a greater effect

(examples: describing a major hurricane as "a bit of a breeze" or calling a huge fire "a small mishap)

Opposite ideas near each for effect

using parallel structure

(example: United we stand; divided we fall.)

Using words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning;

(3 types: verbal, dramatic, situational)

A question asked with no expectation of an answer

(example: "Do I look like I was born yesterday?" or "What's the point of studying if I know I'll fail?")

One word being used two different ways.

(example: He fished for trout and compliments.)

A type of reasoning that uses a given fact or set of facts to deduce other facts;

follows a pattern, “if this is true, then this is also true”;

(example: Whales are mammals. A beluga is a type of whale. Therefore, a beluga is a mammal.)

A type of reasoning that begins with one specific observation and applies to a broad conclusion;

(example: The bakery across the street always has a line out the door. Therefore, the bakery sells delicious treats.)

A type of reasoning that begins with a pattern to infer information or make decisions;

(example: The traffic is busy outside of Gotha Middle School every weekday at 9AM, so school must start soon.)

A text structure in which information is presented in sections that often begin with a central idea and are followed by an elaboration and description of the features, characteristics, or examples of the topic.

A text structure in which information is conveyed as an issue or a problem of concern

and solution(s) are explained.

A text structure in which facts, events, or details are presented

in the order in which they occurred in time.

A text structure in which the similarities and/or differences of

two or more people, things, concepts, or ideas are presented.

A text structure in which Information reflects a causal relationship.

The description of what happened is the effect and the detail(s) related to why it happened is the cause.

Errors found in the reasoning of an argument;

invalid arguments or flawed points that undermine or weaken the argument

(strawman, hasty generalization, ad hominem, slippery slope, ad populum)

An opposing view of an argument;

a statement made in response or reply to another

A statement that something is true or is a fact,

although other people might not believe it

Source-based information including facts, figures, and

details used to support the writer’s ideas

(statistics, quotes, support, charts, etc.)

The process of thinking about something in a logical way

in order to form a conclusion or judgment

What is the reason an author wrote the passage called?

What is the author's attitude toward the topic called?