Michael is an attacker who aims to hack Bob’s system. He started collecting data without any active interaction with Bob’s system. Using this technique, Michael can extract sensitive information from unencrypted data. Identify the class of attack Michael has launched in the above scenario.

Paola a professional hacker, was hired to break into the target organization's network and extract sensitive data. In this process, Paola found that organization has purchased new hardware. She accessed the new hardware while it was in transit and tampered with the hardware to make it vulnerable to attacks. Identify the class of attack Paola has performed on the target organization.

Which of the following civilian acts enforces “Electronic Transactions and Code Set Standards”?

Which of the following elements of information security ensures that a recipient receives the original message from the sender without any modifications during transit?

Which of the following attack vectors involves the use of a huge network of compromised systems by attackers to perform denial-of-service attacks on the target network or systems?

Below are various phases involved in the hacking lifecycle:

1. Scanning

2. Reconnaissance

3. Clearing tracks

4. Maintaining access

5. Gaining access
Identify the correct sequence of phases involved in the hacking process.

Dan, a professional hacker, was launching attacks on government and private organizations to gain remote access, destroy data, and steal confidential information, without concern for jail terms or any other kind of punishment. Identify the type of hacker class that Dan belongs to.

Clark is an unskilled hacker attempting to perform an attack on a target organization to gain popularity. He downloaded and used freely available hacking tools and software developed by other professional hackers for this purpose.

In which of the following phases to the cyber kill chain methodology does the adversary create a tailored malicious payload based on the vulnerabilities identified?