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Ecology - Midterm Exam

Total questions: 46

Worksheet time: 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Many individuals of one species together in one place are called ______.

a)

a niche

b)

a community

c)

a population

d)

mutualism

2.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. A place where an organism lives is called its ______.

a)

community

b)

niche

c)

trophic level

d)

habitat

3.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which level of an energy pyramid is most likely to have the highest number of organisms?

a)

Producers

b)

Primary consumers

c)

Secondary consumers

d)

Tertiary consumers

4.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Two types of organisms consume dead and decaying matter. The difference between these two types of organisms is that ______ are consumers that feed on dead animals, while ______ actually break down plants and animals into simpler molecules.

a)

decomposers; producers

b)

scavengers; decomposers

c)

producers; decomposers

d)

decomposers; scavengers

5.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. The viceroy butterfly and the monarch butterfly look very similar. Both are distasteful to predators. This is an example of ______.

a)

mullerian mimicry

b)

chemical mimicry

c)

malthusian mimicry

d)

batesian mimicry

6.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Cowbirds are known to lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. Mother birds will feed the new chicks and their own, which sometimes means not every chick gets enough food. This is an example of ______.

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

amensalism

d)

neutralism

e)

parasitism

7.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which sphere of the earth is named using the Greek root meaning “ground”?

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Atmosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

8.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which of these is not an example of an abiotic factor?

a)

soil

b)

temperature

c)

bacteria

d)

rainfall

9.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which kind of niche takes competition between organisms into account?

a)

Realized

b)

Unique

c)

Fundamental

d)

Competitive

10.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. How much chemical energy is transferred from the producer level to the secondary consumer level in a food chain?

a)

1/10

b)

1/20

c)

1/100

d)

1/1000

11.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Organisms that eat both plants and meat are called ______.

a)

omnivores

b)

herbivores

c)

autotrophs

d)

carnivores

12.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which is not true about food webs?

a)

Food webs show the transfer of energy among organisms

b)

Food webs are more accurate than food chains

c)

Food webs are simpler than food chains

d)

Food webs contain decomposers and scavengers throughout

13.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. If the gene pool of two populations are separated, the populations may develop into a new species. This is called:

a)

natural selection

b)

speciation

c)

genetic separation

d)

interspecific competition

14.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Twenty different species of galagos, also known as bushbabies, are found in Africa. Even though various species of galagos share habitats, they cannot interbreed with one another because of their differently structured genitalia. Which type of speciation is this?

a)

behavioral isolation

b)

mechanical isolation

c)

temporal isolation

d)

geographic isolation

15.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. An ecologist is discussing two animals’ ability to reproduce with one another. Which is he talking about?

a)

natality

b)

fecundity

c)

fertility

d)

mortality

16.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which is not true about animal species?

a)

animals of the same species can interbreed and reproduce

b)

endangered species are in immediate jeopardy of extinction

c)

individual species are well documented on a central registry

d)

some species have been protected through trade restrictions

17.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which type of strategists would you expect to have low levels of prenatal care and a short life expectancy?

a)

K Strategists

b)

S Strategists

c)

R Strategists

d)

J Strategists

18.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Long life expectancy usually correlates with all the following, except:

a)

high levels of prenatal care

b)

larger animals

c)

type 1 & 2 survivorship curve

d)

rapid reproduction

19.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which of the following is not a density-dependent factor?

a)

storms

b)

disease

c)

competition

d)

predators

20.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. What causes a J curve to flatten into an S curve?

a)

exponential growth is beginning

b)

the death equals the birth rate

c)

logistic growth is beginning

d)

limiting factors affecting the population

21.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. When a population passes its carrying capacity, which of the following will likely happen?

a)

Natality rates will increase

b)

Competition will decrease

c)

Mortality rates will increase

d)

A population cannot pass its carrying capacity

22.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Look at the population pyramid described here. The pyramid shows age groups from youngest at the bottom to oldest at the top, with broad bars at the base that narrow with increasing age. The pyramid shows:

a)

an expanding population

b)

a stable population

c)

a declining population

d)

you can’t tell from this information

23.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. A biome is cold, treeless and permanently frozen. Which type of biome is it?

a)

Tundra

b)

Taiga

c)

Alpine

d)

Chaparral

24.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which of the following is an example of climate?

a)

There is a cold front coming in this weekend

b)

A snowstorm is forecasted to hit the northeast US this week

c)

It is usually hot in Texas in July

d)

It rained 4 inches last week in Seattle, WA

25.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Because frogs absorb both oxygen and toxins through their skin, they are very sensitive to air and water quality. This makes them an excellent ______.

a)

keystone species

b)

indicator species

c)

pioneer species

d)

primary species

26.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which of the following is not true about mangrove trees?

a)

their leaves excrete excess salt from brackish (mixture of salt and fresh) water

b)

their large roots cause erosion

c)

their roots provide shelter for fish and shark species

d)

mangroves trees are threatened by tourism and shrimp farming

27.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. Which of the following is not an example of secondary succession?

a)

Vegetation growing after a hurricane has destroyed a patch of land

b)

Trees regrowing after deforestation

c)

The recolonization of an area that has been burned by forest fire

d)

The growth of lichens on a newly created volcanic island

28.

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question below. A species that absorbs nutrients primarily from the air rather than soil would likely be ______.

a)

An indicator species

b)

A keystone species

c)

A pioneer species

d)

An endangered species

29.

A small measured area in a forest has 10 individuals present. Each of these individuals is a different species. Which is true about the biodiversity index of this area?

a)

The biodiversity index is 0.1

b)

The biodiversity index is low

c)

The biodiversity index would be higher if there were fewer species among the individuals

d)

The biodiversity index is 1

30.

Which would you expect to find along a line transect?

a)

The edges of an area being researched

b)

A division between habitats

c)

A sampling of organisms found in an area

d)

The total number of organisms in an area

31.

What two measurements are found on a climatogram?

a)

temperature in C and temperature in F

b)

rainfall and vegetation types

c)

temperature and number of species

d)

rainfall and temperature

32.

When drawing a food web, arrows represent

a)

which prey is being eaten by a specific predator.

b)

the flow of energy from one organism to another.

c)

the trophic level of a certain species.

d)

the habitat in which an organism lives.

33.

A carnivore can never be a primary consumer because ...

a)

it feeds on animals rather than on producers.

b)

it only consumes photosynthetic organisms.

c)

it must always occupy the highest trophic level.

d)

it gains energy directly from sunlight.

34.

The frozen part of the hydrosphere is called the ...

a)

cryosphere

b)

lithosphere

c)

biosphere

d)

atmosphere

35.

A food chain shows the flow of ________.

a)

energy

b)

water

c)

rock material

d)

information

36.

All food chains begin with what source of energy?

a)

the Sun

b)

producers

c)

decomposers

d)

heat from Earth’s interior

37.

Using only the organisms listed (weasel, mule deer, grasses, tree frog, mountain lion, raven, pika, oak tree, grasshopper, squirrel), which of the following sequences could appear as links in a correct food web (producer → herbivore → carnivore)? Select all that apply.

a)

grasses → mule deer → mountain lion

b)

oak tree → squirrel → weasel

c)

pika → grasses → raven

d)

grasses → grasshopper → tree frog

e)

oak tree → mountain lion → raven

38.

When a population exceeds its carrying capacity, what is the most likely outcome for the population size?

a)

It decreases or fluctuates downward due to resource limits

b)

It continues growing exponentially without limit

c)

It remains constant at the new higher level

d)

It immediately goes extinct

39.

Horses and donkeys can mate to produce mules, yet horses and donkeys are still considered separate species. What is the main reason for this?

a)

Mules are typically sterile, preventing gene flow between the parent species

b)

Horses and donkeys never coexist in the same habitats

c)

Horses and donkeys have identical DNA sequences

d)

Their hybrid offspring are consistently fertile across generations

40.

Which survivorship curve best represents humans in developed populations?

a)

Type I curve with high survival until old age

b)

Type II curve with constant mortality across all ages

c)

Type III curve with high early mortality and few survivors

d)

A U-shaped curve with highest mortality in midlife

41.

What is a likely result when two species compete for the same limited resources at the same time?

a)

One species outcompetes the other, leading to decline or exclusion of the weaker competitor

b)

Both species immediately double in population size

c)

The interaction becomes mutualistic and benefits both equally

d)

Predation rates on both species increase to balance the system

42.

What type of species has a disproportionately large impact on its habitat, affecting many other species?

a)

Keystone species

b)

Indicator species

c)

Invasive species

d)

Pioneer species

43.

The weather patterns of a particular region over a long period of time are known as what?

a)

Climate

b)

Weather

c)

Microhabitat

d)

Seasonality

44.

The measure of the reflectivity of a surface is called its what?

a)

Albedo

b)

Inertia

c)

Humidity

d)

pH

45.

Name an organism that is usually among the very first to inhabit an area undergoing primary succession.

a)

Lichens

b)

Grasses

c)

Ferns

d)

Oak trees

46.

Primary succession occurs in areas where there is no what?

a)

Soil

b)

Sunlight

c)

Water

d)

Rock