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Chapter 43: George II

Total questions: 167

Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What made George II historically unique among later British monarchs?

a)

He was the first king born outside Britain

b)

He was the last king to personally command troops in battle

c)

He abolished the position of prime minister

d)

He refused to live in Britain during his entire reign

2.

What major personal challenge did George II face with his own people?

a)

He refused to speak English

b)

He never fully shook the feeling of being an outsider

c)

He attempted to move the capital to Hanover

d)

He imposed new taxes that caused widespread rebellion

3.

What was one major source of scandal in George II’s personal life?

a)

His secret conversion to Catholicism

b)

His violent dispute with the Archbishop

c)

His bitter feuds with both his father and his son

d)

His refusal to attend Parliament sessions

4.

At which battle did George II personally lead troops?

a)

Battle of Plassey

b)

Battle of Culloden

c)

Battle of Dettingen

d)

Battle of Louisbourg

5.

Who dominated British politics under George II?

a)

Benjamin Disraeli

b)

Oliver Cromwell

c)

Robert Walpole

d)

Horatio Nelson

6.

Which rebellion threatened Britain during George II’s reign?

a)

Boxer Rebellion

b)

Jacobite Rebellion of 1745

c)

Monmouth Rebellion

d)

Sepoy Rebellion

7.

How did King George II die?

a)

Poisoned by a rival

b)

During battle

c)

After slipping in his bath

d)

His aorta burst after straining during bowel movements

8.

What sparked the War of Jenkins’s Ear?

a)

British capture of a Spanish fortress

b)

A Spanish ship attacked a British town

c)

A British captain presented his severed ear to Parliament

d)

A trade treaty dispute between France and Britain

9.

What larger issue did the War of Jenkins’s Ear highlight?

a)

Taxation policies

b)

Conflicts over imperial trade and smuggling

c)

Religious differences

d)

Succession controversies

10.

What marked the beginning of King George’s War in North America?

a)

French attack on Boston

b)

News of European war reached the colonies

c)

British seizure of Quebec

d)

Native raids on Maine settlements

11.

What was the major objective of the 1745 colonial army assembled by William Shirley?

a)

Defeat Spain in the Caribbean

b)

Capture Louisbourg

c)

Destroy French fleets in Europe

d)

Conquer Ohio River Valley

12.

What happened at the Battle of Minas (1747)?

a)

The British ambushed the French

b)

Both sides negotiated a truce

c)

The French and Native allies forced the British to surrender

d)

The battle ended in a stalemate

13.

Which war had the greatest impact on the coming American Revolution?

a)

King William’s War

b)

Queen Anne’s War

c)

King George’s War

d)

Seven Years’ War

14.

Why were the French exploring and placing lead plates in the Ohio Valley?

a)

To hide treasure

b)

To claim territory

c)

To mark new fort locations

d)

To direct trade routes

15.

Why was George Washington originally sent to the Ohio Valley?

a)

To negotiate trade deals with Native tribes

b)

To order the French to leave

c)

To build a permanent settlement

d)

To recruit soldiers for Virginia

16.

What was a major problem Washington faced as a young commander?

a)

A. He refused to follow British orders

b)

B. He had no prior battle experience

c)

C. He tried to desert

d)

D. He mistrusted all Native allies

17.

Why did Washington need the half-king’s support?

a)

To obtain weapons

b)

To translate French messages

c)

He needed Native alliances to confront the French

d)

To guide trade negotiations

18.

What drove Washington’s ambition during this mission?

a)

Desire to become governor of Virginia

b)

Desire to become a British officer

c)

Hatred of the French

d)

Need to repay a family debt

19.

Why did Washington rush to attack Jumanville’s party?

a)

He believed they were preparing an ambush

b)

He thought they were deserters

c)

His men threatened mutiny

d)

He was ordered by London

20.

Why was attacking Jumanville’s party such a serious mistake?

a)

They were carrying stolen goods

b)

They were a diplomatic party

c)

They outnumbered the British

d)

They were disguised British soldiers

21.

How did Washington try to protect his reputation afterward?

a)

He fled the region

b)

He blamed the half-king in public speeches

c)

He wrote letters insisting the French were spies

d)

He bribed French officers for testimony

22.

Why was Fort Necessity a poor defensive position?

a)

It was too close to the river

b)

Washington built it with no walls

c)

The French could fire down into it

d)

It lacked storage for ammunition

23.

What was the main goal of the French attack on Fort Necessity?

a)

To seize British artillery

b)

To punish and embarrass Washington

c)

To protect a nearby French fort

d)

To recruit Native allies

24.

What critical mistake did Washington make when surrendering?

a)

Signing with his left hand

b)

Signing a document written in French he couldn’t read

c)

Refusing to surrender weapons

d)

Promising to abandon Virginia

25.

How did Washington publicly describe the surrender afterward?

a)

He admitted full responsibility

b)

He claimed the French treacherously tricked him

c)

He omitted the surrender entirely

d)

He blamed the British regulars for the failure

26.

According to British leaders, what would happen if they allowed colonial military behavior to continue?

a)

Britain would lose influence in Europe

b)

They would lose all of North America

c)

The colonies would gain independence

d)

The French would retreat from the frontier

27.

What major change did the British command make to the Virginia Regiment?

a)

They doubled Washington’s pay

b)

They disbanded the regiment

c)

They made all American officers subordinate to even the lowest British officers

d)

They promoted Washington to colonel

28.

Why did Washington resign from the military at this point?

a)

He no longer wanted to serve

b)

He was ordered to leave

c)

He protested his effective demotion

d)

He was preparing to run for office

29.

What was the state of the war during the two years after Washington’s resignation?

a)

It became a major European conflict

b)

It ended entirely

c)

It raged along the American frontier but had not yet escalated in Europe

d)

It moved south to the Caribbean

30.

Why was General Edward Braddock sent to America?

a)

To negotiate peace with the French

b)

To provide more experienced leadership to the colonial militia

c)

To replace Washington as governor

d)

To defend Quebec from attack

31.

Braddock’s march was slowed primarily because:

a)

They kept stopping for supplies

b)

The weather was poor

c)

The column stretched four miles through difficult terrain

d)

Washington was delayed returning from Virginia

32.

Why did Braddock split his force?

a)

He feared mutiny

b)

He wanted to travel by river

c)

To speed up the advance by taking a smaller column ahead

d)

To avoid Indian scouts

33.

What happened to English messenger James Smith?

a)

He reached the fort safely

b)

He deserted

c)

He was captured and taken to Fort Duquesne

d)

He was promoted for bravery

34.

How did the British feel as they neared Fort Duquesne?

a)

Hopeless

b)

Overconfident and full of high morale

c)

Scared of French reinforcements

d)

Uncertain and divided

35.

How did Washington view General Braddock?

a)

As an incompetent leader

b)

As a political threat

36.

Captain Beaujeu painted his face and dressed in Indian war clothing to:

a)

Hide from the British

b)

Humiliate the French

c)

Show unity with Indigenous allies

d)

Deceive French officers

37.

What was surprising about the battle's beginning?

a)

The British retreated immediately

b)

Both sides accidentally ran into each other in the woods

c)

The French surrendered without fighting

d)

The British ambushed the French

38.

At first, why did it look like the British might win?

a)

They had better cannons

b)

They had more soldiers

c)

Their disciplined volleys were effective

d)

They were on higher ground

39.

Why did the British formation collapse?

a)

Their officers deserted

b)

They received faulty ammunition

c)

They fell back on a narrow forest road and collided with their own troops

d)

Rain made their muskets unusable

40.

Of the 54 women marching with Braddock’s force, how many returned?

a)

54

b)

30

c)

10

d)

4

41.

What happened to Washington during the battle?

a)

He was severely wounded

b)

He was captured

c)

Several horses were shot under him, but he was unharmed

d)

He fled early in the fighting

42.

What did Washington say about the retreat?

a)

It was orderly and calm

b)

It was a heroic victory

c)

It was filled with horrific scenes of the dead and dying

d)

It was an unnecessary withdrawal

43.

What did James Smith witness the Indians doing to a British prisoner?

a)

Releasing him

b)

Giving him food

c)

Burning him at a stake

d)

Negotiating ransom

44.

How was Braddock buried?

a)

With full ceremony in a churchyard

b)

At sea

c)

In the road so the army could march over and conceal the grave

d)

At Fort Duquesne

45.

Why did the Fort William Henry garrison surrender?

a)

They ran out of food

b)

They thought reinforcements had arrived

c)

They faced overwhelming bombardment and no help was coming

d)

Their commander deserted

46.

What triggered the Fort William Henry Massacre?

a)

A. A French betrayal

b)

B. British soldiers attacked first

c)

C. Native allies wanted spoils and were dissatisfied with surrender terms

d)

D. A miscommunication between commanders

47.

What critical order did General Wolfe give at Quebec?

a)

Form a square

b)

Retreat

c)

Fire the decisive volley

d)

Charge with bayonets

48.

What happened to both Wolfe and Montcalm during the Battle of Quebec?

a)

Both were captured

b)

Both survived

c)

Both were fatally wounded

d)

Both surrendered

49.

What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) accomplish?

a)

Restored all land to France

b)

Ended British involvement in North America

50.

What does the narrator say countries sometimes do, like selfish individuals?

a)

Share equally

b)

Act only in their own self-interest

c)

Always help allies

d)

Refuse to enter war

51.

Many major European states initially agreed to recognize Maria Theresa as queen of which region?

a)

France

b)

Spain

c)

Austria

d)

Prussia

52.

What did many European states do after Maria Theresa succeeded to the throne?

a)

Supported her fully

b)

Doubled their alliance with Austria

c)

Reneged on their agreement

d)

Invaded France

53.

Which ruler did several states claim had the strongest claim to the Austrian throne?

a)

Frederick the Great

b)

George II

c)

Charles Albert of Bavaria

d)

Louis XV

54.

Why were these claims made for Charles Albert?

4 lines
55.

Which two nations made a secret alliance to exploit Austria’s weakness?

a)

Spain and England

b)

Prussia and France

c)

Holland and Bavaria

d)

Britain and Austria

56.

Which nations became de facto allies of Austria after France declared war?

a)

A. Spain and Prussia

b)

B. France and Bavaria

c)

C. Great Britain and Holland

d)

D. Russia and Sweden

57.

Frederick the Great offered to recognize whom as emperor?

a)

George II

b)

Maria Theresa

c)

Her father

d)

Her husband

58.

How did Maria Theresa respond to Frederick’s demands?

a)

She accepted them

b)

She ignored them

c)

She rejected them

d)

She negotiated a treaty

59.

The war began when Frederick II invaded what Habsburg-controlled province?

a)

Bohemia

b)

Bavaria

c)

Silesia

d)

Hanover

60.

Why was Maria Theresa ill-prepared to fight?

a)

She had no generals

b)

Her father left the throne in debt and with a weak military

c)

Austria had no allies

d)

She refused to raise taxes

61.

By 1742, what territory was she forced to recognize as Prussian?

a)

Bavaria

b)

Sicily

c)

Silesia

d)

Hanover

62.

Which king personally led British forces at Dettingen?

a)

A. Charles III

b)

B. George II

c)

C. Louis XV

d)

D. Frederick Wilhelm

63.

The Battle of Dettingen was notable because:

a)

It was the first major use of cannons

b)

It was the last time a British monarch led troops

c)

It was the bloodiest battle of the war

d)

It involved only cavalry

64.

Which forces turned the tide at Dettingen?

a)

French infantry

b)

Spanish artillery

c)

British & Hanoverian cavalry with Dutch infantry

d)

Austrian grenadiers alone

65.

Austria’s renewed invasion of Silesia caused which nation to formally declare war?

a)

Spain

b)

Russia

c)

France

d)

Britain

66.

In 1745, Frederick defeated Austria at which battle?

a)

A. Blenheim

b)

B. Dettingen

c)

C. Hennersdorf (Henners)

d)

D. Waterloo

67.

What treaty ended the continental conflict in 1748?

a)

Treaty of Versailles

b)

Treaty of Utrecht

c)

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

d)

Treaty of Paris

68.

Which major gain did Prussia keep after the war?

a)

A. Bohemia

b)

B. Silesia

c)

C. Bavaria

d)

D. Hanover

69.

The War of Jenkins' Ear began because a British captain claimed:

a)

His ship was stolen

b)

Spain refused trade rights

c)

Spanish sailors cut off his ear

d)

France attacked his colony

70.

Which North American territory captured by New England colonists was later returned to France?

a)

Nova Scotia

b)

Cape Breton Island (Louisbourg)

c)

Quebec

d)

Maine

71.

When did King George’s War officially end?

a)

1740

b)

1744

c)

1748

d)

1756

72.

What was the name of the young girl dreaming of being a queen?

a)

A. Elizabeth

b)

B. Catherine

c)

C. Sophia (Sophie)

d)

D. Maria

73.

Why did Sophia’s mother turn her attention to her after 1742?

a)

Sophia became wealthy

b)

Her brother died

c)

Sophia became famous

d)

Sophia married a duke

74.

Which empress summoned Sophia and her mother to Russia?

a)

Maria Theresa

b)

Elizabeth of Russia

c)

Catherine I

d)

Anne of Russia

75.

Frederick the Great’s impression of Sophia led him to:

a)

Avoid her

b)

Attempt to marry her himself

c)

Write to Empress Elizabeth praising her intelligence

d)

Exile her family

76.

When Sophia first arrived at Frederick the Great’s court, why did her mother not bring her?

a)

She thought the king wouldn’t care about Sophia.

b)

Sophia was too sick to travel.

c)

Frederick had specifically asked to see her mother only.

d)

Sophia refused to go.

77.

How did Frederick the Great try to ensure Sophia could attend court despite her mother’s excuses?

a)

He sent a letter of complaint to Sophia’s mother.

b)

He asked one of his sisters to lend Sophia a dress.

c)

He ignored the situation entirely.

d)

He threatened to cancel the visit.

78.

What impressed Frederick the Great about Sophia during dinner?

a)

Her exquisite jewelry and clothing.

b)

Her humility, intelligence, and perceptiveness.

c)

Her mother’s influence in the court.

d)

Her ability to speak multiple languages.

79.

What was Sophia’s mother, Johanna, asked to do by Frederick’s agents?

a)

Marry Sophia off to Frederick himself.

b)

Spy on Count Bestev to diminish his influence.

c)

Convert Sophia to Lutheranism.

d)

Manage Sophia’s finances at court.

80.

How was Sophia greeted upon her arrival in Russia?

a)

With a quiet ceremony and a small group of nobles.

b)

With gunfire from the local fort and public attention.

c)

By Peter alone, without any ceremony.

d)

By Elizabeth immediately sending her away.

81.

How did Peter feel about Russia and its culture?

a)

He loved Russia and wanted to adopt its culture.

b)

He loathed Russia, preferred German, and planned to remain Lutheran.

c)

He was indifferent but curious to learn the language.

d)

He wanted to convert Russia entirely to Lutheranism.

82.

What serious illness did Sophia suffer from while in Russia?

a)

Influenza

b)

Smallpox

c)

Pneumonia

d)

Measles

83.

What name was Sophia given after her conversion to Russian Orthodoxy?

a)

Elizabeth

b)

Catherine

c)

Johanna

d)

Anastasia

84.

How did Peter behave after marrying Catherine?

a)

He was affectionate and attentive to her.

b)

He ignored her and spent time playing childish games.

c)

He spent most of his time at court with nobles.

d)

He immediately became an effective ruler.

85.

How did Catherine gain support to overthrow Peter?

a)

She bribed and won over military units and the Senate.

b)

She assassinated Peter immediately.

c)

She convinced foreign powers to invade Russia.

d)

She staged a public protest in Moscow.

86.

On what date did Catherine’s coup against Peter occur?

a)

June 27th, 1762

b)

January 1st, 1762

c)

July 4th, 1760

d)

December 31st, 1762

87.

How did Peter react to Catherine’s coup?

a)

He fled and successfully resisted her takeover.

b)

He confronted Catherine in St. Petersburg.

c)

He retreated to an island fortress but found it blocked.

d)

He immediately abdicated and left Russia.

88.

How did Peter die after his abdication?

a)

In a smallpox outbreak.

b)

In a duel with Catherine.

c)

In a drunken brawl, likely an assassination.

d)

Peacefully of old age.

89.

What was Catherine’s policy regarding Russian troops after taking the throne?

a)

She increased military campaigns against Prussia.

b)

She established an era of neutrality, calling troops home.

90.

What was Jonathan Edwards famous for during the Great Awakening?

a)

Leading political movements in Massachusetts.

b)

Writing philosophical treatises on science.

c)

Preaching fiery sermons such as Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.

d)

Founding universities in the colonies.

91.

What Puritan belief did Edwards emphasize in his sermon?

a)

Humans control their own destiny.

b)

God controls salvation, and predestination is real.

c)

Everyone is equally likely to go to heaven.

d)

Hell does not exist.

92.

How did Edwards’ sermon in Enfield differ from his earlier sermon in Northampton?

a)

It was shorter and less detailed.

b)

The congregation reacted passionately, seeking salvation.

c)

It was ignored by the congregation.

d)

He used music and theater to illustrate his points.

93.

According to Jonathan Edwards in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” what is the only thing keeping sinners from falling into hell right now?

a)

Their good deeds

b)

Their prayers

c)

God’s chosen time for them to enter hell has not yet arrived

d)

The church’s protection

94.

What could sinners do in the meantime to save themselves from hell, according to Edwards?

a)

Perform rituals

b)

Run to Christ for mercy

c)

Give to charity

d)

Seek forgiveness from neighbors

95.

How did the First Great Awakening differ from Puritanism in terms of religious focus?

a)

It emphasized ritual over emotion

b)

It emphasized inward changes in the heart rather than outward actions

c)

It rejected Christianity entirely

d)

It focused only on church attendance

96.

Why did George Whitefield believe people weren’t attending church before the Great Awakening?

a)

The churches were too far away

b)

“Dead men preached to them”

c)

They didn’t like the music

d)

They preferred reading scriptures at home

97.

What was one characteristic of the revival meetings during the Great Awakening?

a)

Quiet, calm sermons

b)

Held in open air or large tents with drama and emotion

98.

Why was James Davenport’s public burning of items controversial?

a)

He destroyed sacred books

b)

He took off his pants in protest against vanity

c)

He preached atheism

d)

He burned churches

99.

What lasting political idea is attributed to Baron de Montesquieu?

a)

Divine right of kings

b)

Separation of powers in government

c)

Rule by monarchy only

d)

Direct democracy exclusively

100.

What economic principle did Montesquieu support as a check on government power?

a)

Mercantilism

b)

Trade and commerce based on supply and demand

c)

Prohibition of markets

d)

Fixed prices by monarchy

101.

Voltaire’s philosophical position emphasized:

a)

Empirical science and personal liberties over metaphysical speculation

b)

Blind faith in religious leaders

c)

Divine predestination

d)

Only metaphysical reasoning

102.

In Voltaire’s novel Candide, what is he mocking?

a)

Poor farming practices

b)

Metaphysical explanations that everything happens for the best

c)

Military hierarchy

d)

Enlightenment philosophers

103.

David Hume argued that knowledge comes from:

a)

Divine revelation

b)

Human senses and personal experiences

c)

Ancient texts

d)

Philosophical speculation only

104.

Which method did Hume use to study human knowledge?

a)

Reading scripture exclusively

b)

Observing himself and applying the experimental method

c)

Conducting public debates

d)

Writing novels

105.

Deism, as practiced by some Founding Fathers, believes:

a)

God created the world and natural laws but does not intervene

b)

God intervenes constantly in human affairs

c)

God has no role in the world

d)

Humans have no responsibility over the world

106.

How did the Enlightenment challenge traditional European authority?

a)

By questioning kings, churches, and the divine right of rulers

b)

By strengthening monarchies

c)

By rejecting science entirely

d)

By promoting religious orthodoxy

107.

What did Benjamin Franklin do to spread Enlightenment ideas in the colonies?

a)

Published Poor Richard’s Almanac and ran a newspaper

b)

Preached sermons outdoors

c)

Became a royal governor

d)

Wrote novels

108.

What was the Junto club created by Franklin?

a)

A political party

b)

A civic club to discuss ideas and promote learning

c)

A church organization

d)

A mercantile guild

109.

How did the Great Awakening contribute to democratic ideals in the colonies?

4 lines
110.

What social effect did the Great Awakening have on the South?

a)

It reinforced social hierarchies

b)

Slaves and free people were welcomed in church, promoting a more democratic experience

c)

It limited church attendance to wealthy landowners

d)

It suppressed religious enthusiasm

111.

Republicanism in colonial America taught that:

a)

Leaders derive authority from God

b)

Citizens get rights from the monarch

c)

Leaders derive authority from the people, citizens get rights from God

d)

Only the church can decide leaders

112.

Which Enlightenment thinker's ideas strongly influenced American concepts of government and rights?

a)

Galileo

b)

John Locke

c)

Dante

d)

Socrates

113.

What was the main purpose of the revivals mentioned in the transcript?

a)

To entertain people with music and drama

b)

To encourage people to repent and turn their hearts toward God

c)

To enforce strict Puritan rules

d)

To provide free food and shelter

114.

Who are the two preachers most associated with the First Great Awakening?

a)

James Davenport and Frederick the Great

b)

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

c)

David Hume and Voltaire

d)

Isaac Newton and Baron de Montesquieu

115.

Jonathan Edwards’ famous sermon compared God’s anger to:

a)

A) A raging storm over a town

b)

B) Holding a spider over a fire

c)

C) A punishing king on his throne

d)

D) A teacher scolding students

116.

What was George Whitefield’s key advice to attendees of religious revivals?

a)

Attend for curiosity and entertainment

b)

Attend to reform their hearts, not just for enjoyment

c)

Avoid all public gatherings

d)

Preach only inside churches

117.

What nickname was George Whitefield given because of his eye and fundraising practices?

a)

Dr. Squintum

b)

Saint Money Trap

c)

Both A and B

d)

Reverend Outdoors

118.

What was James Davenport known for during the First Great Awakening?

a)

Burning books and luxury items in public bonfires

b)

Leading debates on Enlightenment philosophy

c)

Founding new churches for religious tolerance

d)

Writing satirical novels

119.

One major effect of the Great Awakening was:

a)

Reducing the number of religious denominations

b)

Encouraging religious choice and diversity in the colonies

c)

Eliminating emotional religious experiences

d)

Reaffirming the absolute authority of the Puritan church

120.

Montesquieu’s “Spirit of Laws” (1748) contributed to which principle still important in modern democracies?

a)

Absolutism of kings

b)

Separation of powers and checks and balances

c)

Mandatory state religion

d)

Military conquest as central to governance

121.

What did Voltaire emphasize in his philosophy?

a)

The need for metaphysical explanations over science

b)

Personal liberties, empirical science, and skepticism of fanaticism

c)

Blind obedience to monarchy

d)

That humans are the property of the state

122.

How did David Hume define the source of human knowledge?

a)

Divine revelation through scripture

b)

Personal experience and empirical observation

c)

Abstract metaphysical reasoning

d)

Classical philosophical texts only

123.

How did Hume apply Isaac Newton’s experimental method to philosophy?

a)

By studying stars and planets

b)

By observing himself and human experience as experiments

c)

By following religious rituals

d)

By memorizing classical texts

124.

Which two historical events were influenced by Enlightenment ideas on personal freedom and social contracts?

a)

The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment

b)

The American Revolution and the French Revolution

c)

The Puritan migration and the War of 1812

d)

The Industrial Revolution and the Glorious Revolution

125.

Why were people in the Middle Ages unable to challenge authority?

a)

They preferred to follow orders

b)

They could not read scripture or laws for themselves

c)

They had complete trust in their leaders

d)

They had strong democratic systems

126.

What is the Enlightenment also known as?

a)

The Great Awakening

b)

The Age of Reason

c)

The Age of Kings

d)

The Age of Exploration

127.

What did the Renaissance help reawaken?

a)

Belief in monarchy

b)

Knowledge of science, art, and culture

c)

Isolation from the world

d)

The power of the Catholic Church

128.

Why was Galileo imprisoned?

a)

For refusing to pay taxes

b)

For attacking the Church

c)

For stating that the Earth revolves around the sun

d)

For trying to overthrow the government

129.

What major claim did Martin Luther make?

a)

That science was false

b)

That the Church was interpreting the Bible incorrectly

c)

That the pope should resign

d)

That everyone should become monks

130.

During the Enlightenment, people began to focus on:

a)

Obeying kings without question

b)

Explaining events only through scripture

c)

How they might shape the world around them

d)

Keeping education exclusive

131.

What became more important during the Age of Reason?

a)

Accepting tradition

b)

Memorizing scripture

c)

Conducting one’s own experiments

d)

Avoiding new ideas

132.

What was John Locke’s influential idea in the Second Treatise?

a)

Monarchs should rule for life

b)

Government should be run by the Church

c)

Government should exist only with the consent of the governed

d)

Kings are chosen by God

133.

Montesquieu proposed:

a)

the separation of powers in government

b)

absolute monarchy

c)

direct democracy

d)

the divine right of kings

134.

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau suggest?

a)

A) A hereditary monarchy

b)

B) Divine right rule

c)

C) Government by the general will of the people

d)

D) Decisions made only by elites

135.

How did Benjamin Franklin help spread Enlightenment ideas in America?

a)

By sending private letters

b)

By preaching in churches

c)

By printing inexpensive pamphlets and newspapers

d)

By teaching in universities only

136.

What was one purpose of Poor Richard’s Almanac?

a)

To argue against democracy

b)

To promote religious doctrine

c)

To entertain colonists and teach enlightenment values

d)

To publish only weather forecasts

137.

What was the Junto (or Junto Club)?

a)

A) A political party

b)

B) A club Franklin formed to discuss ideas and improve society

c)

C) A group of British officials

d)

D) A religious order

138.

How did Franklin expand the spread of information?

a)

By banning competing newspapers

b)

By printing newspapers throughout the colonies and Caribbean

139.

What important institution did Franklin help create with James Logan’s support?

a)

The first American university

b)

A public library in Philadelphia

c)

The first national bank

d)

A colonial court system

140.

What made Poor Richard’s Almanac especially popular?

a)

Long religious sermons

b)

Scientific diagrams

c)

Witty sayings and lively writing

d)

Exclusive membership access

141.

Rational Christianity taught that:

a)

Only clergy could understand morality

b)

Humans could use reason to understand moral teachings

c)

Science must be rejected

d)

God micromanages every event on Earth

142.

What is Deism?

a)

Belief that God punishes every lightning strike

b)

Belief in a creator who sets natural laws but does not intervene

c)

Belief that humans should be ruled by kings

d)

Rejection of all scientific thinking

143.

Enlightenment thinking led to the belief that:

a)

Rights come from the king

b)

Humans have natural rights given by God

c)

The Church should control government

d)

Only nobles deserve rights

144.

According to republicanism (Enlightenment version):

a)

Kings get authority from God

b)

Leaders get authority from the people

c)

Citizens get rights from the government

d)

Politics should be controlled by royalty

145.

Why were Americans especially open to republicanism?

a)

They had always rejected self-government

b)

They feared local rule

c)

They had successfully governed themselves for years

d)

They wanted stronger monarchy

146.

What invention did Franklin begin experimenting with that eventually became known as the Franklin stove?

a)

An early refrigerator

b)

A heating stove placed in the center of the room

c)

A water-powered mill

d)

A gas-powered lantern

147.

What natural phenomenon did Franklin believe he could harness?

a)

Tides

b)

Gravity

c)

Wind pressure

d)

Lightning/electricity

148.

What did Justice Hill claim lightning represented?

a)

Scientific law

b)

God’s punishment

c)

Nature’s randomness

d)

Electrical discharge only

149.

When Justice Hill was struck, what point did the scene make?

a)

That lightning always hits bad people

b)

That lightning does not strike based on morality

c)

That Franklin caused the storm

d)

That the city needed a new judge

150.

What major claim does Benjamin Franklin make in his declaration?

a)

Lightning is a punishment from God

b)

Lightning and electricity are completely different

c)

Lightning and electricity are the same thing

d)

Electricity should never be controlled

151.

Why does Justice Hill accuse Franklin of blasphemy?

a)

Franklin refuses to attend church

b)

Franklin claims lightning can be controlled

c)

Franklin says God does not exist

d)

Franklin wants to ban tall buildings

152.

Why does Franklin believe lightning hits certain buildings?

a)

God is choosing the wicked buildings

b)

Lightning is attracted to the tallest object

c)

Lightning strikes randomly

d)

Buildings conduct electricity equally

153.

What invention does Franklin later create to protect buildings?

a)

Bifocals

b)

The printing press

c)

The lightning rod

d)

The laid-on jar

154.

Why does Franklin tell Justice Hill that he will “hold God’s justice in his hands”?

a)

He wants to prove God wrong

b)

He’s threatening the town

155.

What problem does Franklin face during the kite experiment?

a)

Tornadoes interfere

b)

There is no lightning, only rain

c)

His kite breaks immediately

d)

William refuses to help

156.

What does Franklin have William retrieve when he senses electricity in the kite string?

a)

A telescope

b)

A compass

c)

A ladder

d)

The Leyden (Laden) jar

157.

Why is Justice Hill hesitant about installing the lightning rod on his building?

a)

He thinks it will make the building collapse

b)

He fears it invites God to strike the building

c)

He believes it's too expensive

d)

He does not trust Franklin’s science

158.

Why does Gabby travel back in time?

a)

To become a newspaper editor

b)

To fix a mistake in history

c)

To visit Benjamin Franklin

d)

To study meteorology

159.

How does the transcript describe Benjamin Franklin’s impact on Philadelphia?

a)

He ruins the city’s economy

b)

He becomes a political rival to everyone

160.

What major public institutions does Franklin help establish?

a)

Hospitals, schools, and a state capital

b)

Prisons and gambling halls

c)

The U.S. Supreme Court

d)

The Boston Tea Company

161.

What innovation did Franklin and his friends make to improve street lighting in London?

a)

Adding bells

b)

Using four-paned glass lights

c)

Making them taller

d)

Using candles instead of oil

162.

According to the transcript, why was Franklin such an effective political broker?

a)

He controlled the military

b)

He was wealthy and intimidating

c)

He had the trust of both the gentry and the working class

d)

He bribed both sides

163.

What literary form did Samuel Richardson popularize?

a)

Third-person omniscient novels

b)

Oral tradition storytelling

c)

Illustrated manuscripts

d)

Epistolary novels (written as letters)

164.

What is Pamela (the novel) mainly about?

a)

A girl solving a murder mystery

b)

A maid pursued by her mistress’s son, Mr. B

c)

A woman who becomes queen

d)

A war between two villages

165.

Why did Pamela begin writing in a journal instead of sending letters?

a)

She lost her writing supplies

b)

Her parents told her to stop writing

c)

Mr. B intercepted her letters

d)

She wanted to publish a book

166.

What made Pamela especially shocking or exciting for 18th-century readers?

a)

It attacked the king

b)

It contained magic and dragons

c)

It challenged traditional class expectations

d)

It was written entirely in poetry

167.

What was one of Richardson’s goals when writing Pamela?

a)

To teach moral behavior (a conduct book)

b)

To prove Samuel Richardson was the best writer

c)

To create the first comedy novel

d)

To mock social etiquette