Tyrant?

Aristocracy?

Oligarchy?

Democracy?

Anarchy?

Hobbs believed people agreed among themselves to lay down natural rights
of equality and freedom and give absolute power to a
[_____________]. 

Locke believed people had the right (responsibility) to [_______] if the king violated
these natural rights 

Montesquieu believed in [____________] of powers 

Rousseau believed in [___________] democracy, that the will of the people could not
decided by elected representatives.

The Americans quickly formed their own government and called it The Articles of [______________].

n order to make actual changes to the Articles of Confederation all 13 [________]had to agree

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress was powerless to levy [_______].

• On December 26, 1786 Daniel Shay’s a former Revolutionary War captain, and other angry farmers took up arms against the government in a called Shay’s [______________].

ames Madison got the nickname “The Father of the [_____________]”

The Seven [_________] are the plan of government for the United States

Article I sets up the [_____________] Branch of government.  It creates the U.S. Congress.

Article I include the power to coin money, raise armed forces, and levy [_______].

Necessary and Proper” or [________] Clause, makes the constitution a flexible document that can change with the times.

Article III sets up the [_________] Branch of Government.  The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land.

Article IV tells how the states relate to each other and to the [__________] government.

Article V tells how the Constitution may be [_________] (changed). 

Article VI says the [_______________] is the supreme law of the land.

Article VII says the Constitution will be the law if nine states [_______] (accept) it

• The final agreement, known as the Three-Fifths Compromise, established that only three fifths of a state’s [______] population would count in determining representation.

Both Republicans and Democrats are considered "[_______]" parties because there are many different groups that support unrelated issues who associate with the same party.

The first two presidents of the US, George Washington and John Adams were [__________].

Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States was the first [_________________] to be elected President. 

Andrew Jackson used a [_______] to symbolize his working class roots.

James Polk, Andrew Jackson and Woodrow Wilson were all [___________].

FDR captured the White House in 1932 and led the United States out the [________________].

[____________________] was the first Republican to be elected President.

Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover were known for [______________] economics.

Republicans came to be associated with [___________] due to the political cartoons.

The modern Republican Party was born out of Richard Nixon's [Links to an external site.________] Strategy 

republican is the

[_____________] is a form of entertainment that takes traditional news stories and changes them to create humor. 

Exaggerated headlines are written to play into your hopes, fears, and [________]

Campaign finance refers to all of the money raised to support or oppose electoral [______________] , issues, and parties.

[_____________] refers to regulated money contributed directly to candidates.

People who try to persuade legislators to vote for or against a Bill are called  [______________].

An [____________] group  is an organization of people with similar policy goals that try to influence the political process to try to achieve those goals.

Legislative committee members, members of interest groups and members of a bureaucratic agency make up what is called an [_______________]

Political Action Committees (PACs) are groups and organizations with special interests in [_________]

Under federal election laws, PACs can legally contribute only $[________] to a candidate committee per election

Super PACs came into existence in [_____] when federal court decisions found that limitations on both corporate and individual contributions is an unconstitutional violation of the 1st Amendment.

The #1 Top Super PAC Spender in 2012 was [__________].

In the 2016 election, the two main candidates raised over $[_____] billion and Super PACs raised an additional $618 million.

In 1971 the 26th Amendment lowered the voting age to [___]

Based on Education, Who is more likely to register to vote?

Based on Age, Who is more likely to register to vote?

[______________] are the largest minority in the United States

The Constitution guarantees civil rights and civil liberties to the American people.  Many of these rights and liberties are protected by the laws established in the Bill of Rights and the [_____] Amendment.

The Preamble to the Constitution states that purpose of the American government is to “secure the blessings of [______]” to the people.

Rights the need protection BY the government are...

Rights that need protection FROM the government are...

In a democratic government, authority is [________] by laws like the Bill of Rights, which specifies individual rights and freedoms that government cannot violate.

Most constitutional rights extend to all people in the United States, [__________] aliens, or non-citizens.

The 14th Amendment includes a Due Process Clause. The Supreme Court has ruled that this clause means no state can deny any person their basic rights and

In 1786 Thomas Jefferson wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, influencing the 1st Amendment.  Jefferson said the 1st Amendment created a “wall of separation between church and [_________].”

The [______________] Clause bans Congress from preventing anyone from freely practicing their own religion.

Most Supreme Court rulings on the Establishment Clause have involved religion and [_____________].

The Court has found in seven major cases that the 1st Amendment requires the government to neither aid nor oppose [_____________].

The Supreme Court has ruled that states cannot ban the teaching of [____________] in public schools.

The [_________] test is a three-part test used to decide if a state law establishes a religion.

The Court usually finds public aid for church-related schools to be [__________].

The Court has ruled that “government may celebrate Christmas in some manner and form, but not in a way that endorses [___________] doctrine

The Supreme Court has often ruled that the [_____________] Clause only applies to beliefs rooted in religion.

The 1st amendment guarantees each person the right of free [______________] by speech, writing, and all other means of communication.

Congress has passed several laws banning [______________] speech

|In Yates v. United States, the Court ruled that it is not illegal to urge someone to believe something, but it is illegal to urge them to [____] something.

It is illegal under federal and state law to distribute [___________] material.

Public schools have a broad power to [___________] “school-sponsored expressive activities,” including school newspapers and plays.

Burning the American flag or a cross as a political protest is protected [__________] according to the Supreme Court

Congress has also banned [_________] ads on radio and television.

The Governments have the right to set rules on how, when, and where [____________] can take place, including requiring permits.

Peaceful marches and parades are protected forms of [_____________].

Civil [_____________] involves knowingly breaking the law in a nonviolent way to protest a law or public policy.

The U.S. Congress is [_________], meaning it has two branches or chambers.

A Senator serves a [___] year term.

A member of the House serves a [___] year term.

The Senate acts the jury in all trials of [__________].

Currently the [________________] party is in control of the Senate.

The House starts all bills involving money, called [_______________].

Currently the [________________] party is in control of the House.

The [_________] clause stretches the power given to Congress.

A [______] committee is a special group set up for a specific purpose for a limited time

Qualifications for President include being 35 years old, a [_______________] U.S. citizen, and having lived in the United States for 14 years.

• The [_______________], ratified in 1944, limits Presidents to no more than two full elected terms in office.

No President can serve more than [_____] years in office

How many Presidents served as Generals in the Military.

How many Presidents were Assassinated?

Under the [___]th Amendment, adopted in 1967, the Vice President now formally assumes the office of President.

Under the 25th Amendment, the President can fill a vice presidential vacancy by nominating a Vice President, who must be confirmed by [___________].

• Article [___] of the Constitution gives the President power to: Command the armed forces,  Make treaties,  Approve or veto acts of Congress, Send or receive diplomats and “Take care that the Laws be faithfully executed.”

The Constitution says this person must be a civilian and not an [________] military member

Compared to Congress, the executive branch is a [__________] office with one leader, capable of quicker decisions.

Congress has delegated [___________]to the executive branch to carry out the many laws passed by the legislative branch.

Roosevelt supported the “[_____________] theory,” arguing that the President should try to do whatever would help the public, using whatever powers could be claimed.

Taft felt that Presidents could not simply assume powers that they felt were needed to serve the people. All executive power had to be based clearly on the [_______________________].

they refer to this increase of power as an [____________] presidency because presidents often take actions without consulting Congress.

The Protect America Act (2007)Provides the intelligence community tools to gather important information about [_____________].

The oath of office, which requires the President to “faithfully execute the Office of President” and “protect and defend the [_________________].”

The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 requires the president to prepare and propose a federal [___________].

The First Congress gave the President the power to remove any appointed officer except for federal [________]

Congress has never officially recognized the right of executive [___________].

The President can order the U.S. military to conduct operations on foreign soil without a formal [_________________________].

The President usually acts through the secretary of state in negotiating [_____________] with foreign nations.

• A [____________] Majority of the Senate must approve all treaties before they go into effect.

Presidents can make executive agreements without [_________] approval.

Congress has passed [_______] joint resolutions authorizing the President to use military force abroad

For nearly 150 years U.S. foreign relations were based on [_____________], as U.S. leaders refused to get widely involved in foreign affairs.

In 1823, President Monroe issued the Monroe [___________], warning European powers to stay out of the affairs of North and South America.

In the 1930s President Franklin Roosevelt pursued the Good [_____________] Policy, reducing U.S. military and political involvement.

The United States’ global importance cannot be denied. With the world’s largest economy, and most powerful military, it is often thought of as the world’s only [___________________].

The President appoints the Secretary of [___________], who is always a key cabinet member. He or she helps make and conduct policy as well as managing the State department

Ambassadors and embassy personnel are normally granted diplomatic [__________].  This means they cannot be arrested, sued, or taxed by the country to which they are ambassadors.

The first known written law was the Code of [_______________].

In Biblical times, the Law of Moses (also called Old Testament Law, Mosaic Law, or just The Law) regulated almost every aspect of Jewish life. The [___________________] and many other laws defined matters of morals, religious practice and government.

The legal systems of the ancient Greeks, of which the best known is the law of [_______________]

Plato’s dictum states that, “The wise shall lead and rule, and the [___________] shall follow.”

Justinian said, “Justice is the firm and continuous desire to render to everyone that which is his [______].”

The Code of Justinian is aslo known as the Body of [_______] Law

The Inquisition was a group within the Catholic ChurchLinks to an external site. whose aim was to combat [_________].

Common law is a body of unwritten laws based on legal [_______________] established by the courts.

In our [___________] law system, even when a statute is at issue, judicial determinations in earlier court cases are extremely critical to the court's resolution of the matter before it.

The national [______________] is made up of the Supreme Court and the inferior courts, which include the special courts and the more numerous constitutional courts

[_____________] gives Congress the power to create the rest of the federal court system, which it did in 1789.

Currently the Supreme Count has [___________] seats.

Which courts have the authority to hear cases for the first time?

Congress has created special legislative courts (Territorial Courts, U.S. Tax Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces) to hear cases arising from the powers given to Congress under  [__________].

Congress, under the Judiciary Act of [_____________], created the district courts to serve as trial courts at the federal level.

The Supreme Court has both original and [____________] jurisdiction.

John Jay, the first [___________]Justice of the United States,

[_________________] was the first African-American to be an Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court

Sandra Day O’Connor will always be known as the first [_____________] to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States

Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote the majority opinion in United States v. [_________], holding that qualified women could not be denied admission to Virginia Military Institute.

Judicial restraint

Judicial activism

Marbury v. Madison

McCulloch v. Maryland

Mapp v. Ohio

Gideon v. Wainwright

Miranda v. Arizona

Roe v. Wade

District of Columbia v. Heller