In the endeavor to reach the East, Europeans discovered the ________.

Through which region did trade items travel from Asia to Europe?

In the 1400s, problems for traders became more acute when the ________ seized power in the Middle East.

What movement encouraged a spirit of curiosity and emphasized individual achievement?

There were rumors of a king in Africa named ________, supposedly a wealthy and powerful Christian who wanted to help the Europeans fight the Muslims.

Exploration was also sparked by the commercial rivalry among the nations of _______.

Why did nations establish trade settlements and encourage colonization?

The angle measured from the horizon to a star or the suns using navigational instruments helped sailors determine their ________, or distance from the equator.

Around 1400 Europeans began to build ships to sail long distances over wide and sometimes stormy seas. The solution to shipbuilding came in the middle of the fifteenth century with the development of a versatile ship called a _______.

The caravel’s high sides and its broad and deep construction made it suitable for ______ travel.

Portugal and Spain were the leading nations of which historical period?

Many Portuguese and Spanish sailors initially set sail to spread Roman Catholicism and battle which group?

Who was largely responsible for Portugal's early success in exploration?

In 1487, the king of Portugal sent ______ down the coast of Africa to find a sea route to India.

Who was the first explorer to round the tip of Africa?

Who provided support for Columbus's voyage in Spain?

As a result of Columbus’s discoveries, Spain began to compete with which country for trade rights and new territory?

To avoid disputes with Portugal, Spain asked Pope Alexander VI to do what?

Fill in the blank: The agreement gave Spain the right to nearly all of the New World with one exception—the line cut across present-day ________, giving that land to the Portuguese.

In September of 1519, who set out with a fleet of five ships to do what Columbus had failed to accomplish?

Magellan's voyage was the first _______ of the earth.

What does the term 'conquistadors' mean?

Who was called 'the greatest of the conquistadors' and landed on the shore of Mexico in 1519?

When the Aztec king, Montezuma, heard of the approach of Cortés, who did he think Cortés might be?

In 1521, after a four-month siege, Cortés finally defeated the Aztecs and destroyed the city. On its ruins he began to build what is now _________?

Who was probably the cruelest of all the conquistadors?

Who was the Inca ruler captured and held for ransom by Pizarro?

After receiving the promised ransom of gold and silver, what did Pizarro do to Atahualpa?

In 1539, who landed near Tampa Bay, Florida, in search of 'golden' cities?

Who was the explorer of the lands to the north of Hernando de Soto?

Who was the first great French explorer in the New World who made three voyages to what is now eastern Canada?

What was Jacques Cartier searching for that he was unsuccessful in finding?

Jacques Cartier was important in the history of French exploration in the New World because he:

Who was called the 'Father of New France' and explored and colonized the area around the St. Lawrence River?

Who was hired by the English to lead the first English expedition to North America?

What was the name of the first permanent English settlement founded in 1607 near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay?

Under the leadership of Captain ________, the settlers of Jamestown built a village and began to explore the land.

The Portuguese were in an excellent position to dominate all the sea trade between which two continents?

Where did the Dutch establish a settlement in 1652 to support ships on their voyage to the Indies?

What was the dominant economic system practiced during the Age of Exploration?

According to mercantilists, who should benefit from newly found wealth?

Fill in the blank: Under mercantilism, colonies existed to supply the mother country with ________ and to provide markets where goods from the mother country could be sold.

What are the 3Gs of exploration?

This explorer was the 1st to circumnavigate the world, and later died in the Philippines on his voyage.