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WorksheetsCJ DE Final Fall Semester
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
The president who banned solitary confinement for juveniles in 2016 was:
Barack Obama
Donald Trump
George W. Bush
Bill Clinton
“Nolo contendere” means:
I do not wish to contend
I plead guilty
I am innocent
I accept the charges
The burden of proof in a criminal case is:
beyond a reasonable doubt
by a preponderance of the evidence
by clear and convincing evidence
on a balance of probabilities
Which model emphasizes swift punishment and efficiency?
Due Process Model
Rehabilitation Model
Crime Control Model
Restorative Justice Model
Which layer of the Wedding Cake Model includes most cases?
Top layer
Second layer
Third layer
Bottom layer
The Code of Hammurabi is known for what principle?
The principle of 'an eye for an eye'
The principle of democracy
The principle of religious tolerance
The principle of free trade
“Actus reus” refers to:
the guilty act
the guilty mind
the legal defense
the punishment for a crime
The father of criminology is:
Cesare Lombroso
Sigmund Freud
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Crime occurs when motivated offender + target – guardian. Which theory explains this?
Routine Activity Theory
Strain Theory
Social Learning Theory
Labeling Theory
According to control theory, people avoid crime because:
they have strong social bonds and attachments.
they are naturally good.
they fear supernatural punishment.
they lack opportunity.
Labeling theory says that being identified as deviant:
can lead to further deviant behavior due to societal reactions.
has no impact on future behavior.
always results in positive social change.
is only relevant in criminal cases.
Strain theory states crime occurs because of what?
A lack of social bonds
A desire for excitement
A mismatch between societal goals and means
Genetic predisposition
“Stare decisis” means:
The principle of following precedent
The right to a fair trial
The process of judicial review
The separation of powers
Which document is the supreme law of the land?
The Constitution
The Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
The offense that involves unlawful entry to commit theft is:
Burglary
Robbery
Fraud
Embezzlement
Which ethical theory focuses on duty, not consequences?
Utilitarianism
Deontology
Virtue Ethics
Relativism
Noble cause corruption refers to:
Corruption committed in the belief that the outcome will benefit the greater good.
Corruption for personal financial gain.
Corruption due to lack of oversight.
Corruption caused by political pressure.
The police “code of silence” refers to which of the following?
Unwritten rule not to report misconduct
Strict adherence to legal procedures
Mandatory reporting of all incidents
Open communication with the public
The act that protects employees who report misconduct is:
The Whistleblower Protection Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act
The Occupational Safety and Health Act
The Equal Employment Opportunity Act
The early English term that describes groups of 10 households is known as:
Hundred
Tithing
Shire
Manor
The first modern police force was created by:
Robert Peel
Napoleon Bonaparte
August Vollmer
J. Edgar Hoover
The era of policing that emphasized reform and professionalism is known as:
Community Era
Political Era
Professional Era
Modern Era
The community policing era emphasizes:
building partnerships between police and the community
strict enforcement of laws without community input
militarization of police forces
focus on reactive crime control methods
The agency created in 1973 to handle drug enforcement is:
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
The police “hurdle process” refers to:
A series of tests and evaluations for police applicants
A physical obstacle course for police officers
A training program for police recruits
A legal procedure for handling police misconduct
The average police academy lasts for how long?
6 months
1 year
3 months
2 years
The purpose of an FTO program is:
to train and evaluate new officers in the field
to provide financial assistance to officers
to assign officers to specialized units
to conduct community outreach programs
Which patrol experiment showed routine patrol did NOT reduce crime?
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
Newark Foot Patrol Experiment
London Metropolitan Police Experiment
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy
Discretion allows officers to:
make decisions based on their judgment
ignore all laws
always follow strict procedures
avoid responsibility for actions
Locard’s Exchange Principle states that:
Every contact leaves a trace.
Evidence is always visible to the naked eye.
Only physical evidence is important in investigations.
Suspects never leave evidence behind.
The major event in 2020 that drove police reform discussions was:
The COVID-19 pandemic
The George Floyd protests
The 2020 presidential election
The Brexit referendum
What percent of Americans after 2020 wanted major police changes?
58%
25%
40%
10%
84% of respondents supported which reform?
Abolishing the death penalty
Legalizing same-sex marriage
Raising the minimum wage
Implementing universal healthcare
The “court of last resort” is known as the:
Supreme Court
District Court
Appellate Court
Magistrate Court
The court that hears federal criminal cases first is:
U.S. District Court
U.S. Supreme Court
U.S. Court of Appeals
State Supreme Court
The hearing that informs the defendant of charges is called:
Arraignment
Preliminary hearing
Sentencing hearing
Bail hearing
The rule of four refers to:
A principle that at least four justices must agree to grant a writ of certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court.
A rule that four witnesses are required to convict someone in court.
A guideline that four lawyers must be present during a trial.
A law stating that four judges must sign every court decision.
Which of the following is NOT used as a factor in bail decisions?
The defendant's favorite color
The severity of the offense
The defendant's criminal history
The risk of flight
An indeterminate sentence is:
a sentence with a minimum and maximum period of imprisonment, rather than a fixed length
a sentence that is always for life imprisonment
a sentence that is always less than one year
a sentence given only for minor offenses
Consecutive sentences are:
sentences that are served one after another
sentences that are served at the same time
sentences that are unrelated
sentences that are conditional
The amendment that prohibits excessive bail is:
The Eighth Amendment
The First Amendment
The Fifth Amendment
The Tenth Amendment
The primary goal of rehabilitation is:
to restore function and independence
to provide long-term hospitalization
to increase medication usage
to prevent all injuries
The purpose of incapacitation is:
to prevent offenders from committing further crimes
to rehabilitate offenders
to punish offenders for their actions
to deter others from committing crimes
The role of a warden is:
to supervise and manage a specific area or group
to provide medical treatment to patients
to teach students in a classroom
to design buildings and structures
Prisonization refers to:
The process by which inmates adapt to prison life and adopt its norms and values.
The act of being released from prison after serving a sentence.
The rehabilitation programs offered to prisoners.
The legal process of sentencing someone to prison.
The typical daily routine of supermax confinement includes which of the following?
Inmates spend 23 hours a day in their cells with minimal human contact.
Inmates participate in group therapy sessions daily.
Inmates have unrestricted access to recreational facilities.
Inmates are allowed to work outside their cells for most of the day.
47. The act passed in 2003 to address prison sexual assault is known as:
Prison Rape Elimination Act
Correctional Safety Act
Inmate Protection Act
Sexual Assault Prevention Act
The “father of probation” is:
John Augustus
Cesare Lombroso
Jeremy Bentham
Edwin Sutherland
A technical violation of probation refers to:
Failing to follow the rules of probation without committing a new crime.
Committing a new criminal offense while on probation.
Being late to a probation meeting due to an emergency.
Successfully completing all probation requirements.
House arrest is also called:
Probation
Parole
Electronic monitoring
Community service
The burden of proof required in criminal cases is ___________________________.
beyond a reasonable doubt
preponderance of the evidence
clear and convincing evidence
probable cause
The guilty mind required for crime is called ___________________________.
mens rea
actus reus
corpus delicti
habeas corpus
53. The physical act of committing a crime is ___________________________.
actus reus
mens rea
habeas corpus
subpoena
The principle of “eye for an eye” is called ___________________________.
lex talionis
habeas corpus
mens rea
stare decisis
The model that prioritizes individual rights is the ___________________________ model.
due process
crime control
rehabilitation
restorative justice
The law requiring courts to follow precedent is ___________________________.
stare decisis
habeas corpus
mens rea
res judicata
57. Burglary requires unlawful ___________________________ of a structure.
entry
exit
ownership
removal
Crime where force or fear is used to take property is ___________________________.
robbery
burglary
theft
embezzlement
59. Lombroso believed criminals were “___________________________.”
born criminals
made by society
victims of circumstance
mentally ill
products of poverty
Routine Activity Theory needs a motivated offender, a target, and lack of a ___________________________.
capable guardian
witness
police officer
alarm system
61. The code of silence harms policing because it reduces ___________________________.
accountability
efficiency
funding
training
Misconduct to achieve a “good” purpose is called ___________________________ corruption.
noble cause
systemic
political
petty
The police era focused on community partnership is the ___________________________ Era.
Community Policing
Political
Professional
Reform
The federal drug agency founded in 1973 is the ___________________________.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
65. Locard’s principle states every contact leaves a ___________________________.
trace
mark
shadow
impression
A legal principle allowing “no contest” is ___________________________.
nolo contendere
habeas corpus
mens rea
res judicata
67. A short-term detention facility for minor crimes is a ___________________________.
jail
prison
detention center
correctional facility
68. Long-term incarceration for felonies is done in ___________________________.
prison
jail
detention center
rehabilitation center
A defendant’s first court appearance to hear charges is called an ___________________________.
arraignment
indictment
sentencing
appeal
70. Sentences that run at the same time are ___________________________ sentences.
concurrent
consecutive
conditional
compound
71. Sentences that stack one after the other are ___________________________ sentences.
consecutive
complex
compound
interrogative
Isolation for 23 hours a day is known as ___________________________ confinement.
supermax
minimum security
open
protective
The father of probation is ___________________________.
John Augustus
Cesare Lombroso
August Vollmer
Edwin Sutherland
A delinquent act committed only by juveniles is a ___________________________ offense.
status
felony
misdemeanor
capital
The belief that the state acts as a parent for juveniles is called ___________________________.
parens patriae
habeas corpus
mens rea
actus reus
76. Juvenile detention centers must keep youth ___________________________ from adult inmates.
separate
together
involved
mixed
The U.S. Supreme Court case barring execution of minors was ___________________________.
Roper v. Simmons
Gregg v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia
Atkins v. Virginia
High-security federal prisons are known as ___________________________ facilities.
supermax
minimum-security
community
work-release
79. A person found guilty may appeal only for ___________________________ errors.
legal
factual
procedural
clerical
A hearing where bail is considered happens at a defendant’s ___________________________.
arraignment
sentencing
trial
appeal
Define probable cause.
Probable cause is a reasonable belief, based on facts, that a crime has been or is being committed.
Probable cause is a suspicion without any factual basis.
Probable cause is a guarantee that a crime has occurred.
Probable cause is a belief based solely on rumors.
Define beyond a reasonable doubt.
Beyond a reasonable doubt is the standard of proof required to convict a person of a crime, meaning there is no reasonable doubt as to the defendant's guilt.
Beyond a reasonable doubt is the minimum amount of evidence needed to file a lawsuit in civil court.
Beyond a reasonable doubt means the jury must be absolutely certain of the defendant's guilt with no possibility of error.
Beyond a reasonable doubt is the standard used to determine if a contract is legally binding.
Define rehabilitation in corrections.
Rehabilitation in corrections refers to efforts to reform an offender so that they can return to society as a law-abiding citizen.
Rehabilitation in corrections refers to punishing offenders to deter future crimes.
Rehabilitation in corrections means isolating offenders from society permanently.
Rehabilitation in corrections is about providing financial compensation to victims.
Define parole.
Parole is the conditional release of a prisoner before the completion of their sentence, under supervision.
Parole is the permanent release of a prisoner without any conditions.
Parole is the process of sentencing a person to prison.
Parole is the act of pardoning a prisoner for their crimes.
Define probation.
Probation is a court-ordered period of supervision in the community, often instead of serving time in prison.
Probation is a type of prison sentence served in solitary confinement.
Probation is a financial penalty imposed for minor offenses.
Probation is a mandatory community service requirement for all offenders.
Define prisonization.
Prisonization is the process by which inmates adapt to prison culture and norms.
Prisonization is the process of releasing inmates on parole.
Prisonization is the rehabilitation of inmates through educational programs.
Prisonization is the legal process of sentencing a criminal to prison.
Define strain theory.
Strain theory is the criminological theory that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals, though they may lack the means, leading to strain which may result in criminal behavior.
Strain theory is the idea that all crimes are committed due to genetic predispositions.
Strain theory is the belief that criminal behavior is only learned through association with others.
Strain theory is the concept that crime is solely a result of poverty and lack of education.
Define labeling theory.
Labeling theory is the idea that labeling individuals as deviant or criminal encourages further deviant or criminal behavior.
Labeling theory is the belief that all individuals are born with criminal tendencies.
Labeling theory is the concept that crime is caused by biological factors only.
Labeling theory is the idea that deviance is always a result of economic inequality.
Define crime control model.
The crime control model is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient detection and prosecution of crime, prioritizing public order and safety.
The crime control model is a theory that focuses on rehabilitation of offenders through community service.
The crime control model is a legal framework that prioritizes the rights of the accused over public safety.
The crime control model is a policing strategy that emphasizes community engagement and problem-solving.
Define due process model.
The due process model is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights and constitutional safeguards against arbitrary or unfair judicial or administrative proceedings.
The due process model is a system that prioritizes swift punishment over individual rights.
The due process model is a perspective that focuses on increasing police powers and reducing legal protections for suspects.
The due process model is a method of resolving civil disputes through negotiation rather than court proceedings.
A suspect enters a home through a window to steal a TV. What crime is this?
Burglary
Robbery
Vandalism
Trespassing
Police search a home without a warrant or consent. What amendment is relevant?
Fourth Amendment
First Amendment
Fifth Amendment
Eighth Amendment
A 15-year-old breaks curfew. What type of juvenile offense is this?
Status offense
Felony offense
Misdemeanor offense
Civil offense
An offender serving 5–10 years is under what type of sentencing?
Indeterminate sentencing
Determinate sentencing
Mandatory sentencing
Concurrent sentencing
A judge orders sentences to be served at the same time. What is this?
Concurrent sentences
Consecutive sentences
Suspended sentences
Indeterminate sentences
A defendant threatens violence unless someone commits a crime.
Duress
Entrapment
Insanity
Necessity
A prosecutor knowingly hides evidence. What type of misconduct is this?
Prosecutorial misconduct (specifically, Brady violation)
Judicial activism
Civil contempt
Legal malpractice
An inmate in solitary begins hallucinating. What prison condition is shown?
Solitary confinement (or sensory deprivation)
Overcrowding
Inadequate nutrition
Physical abuse
A defendant labeled as a “criminal” begins acting out more. Which theory applies?
Labeling theory
Strain theory
Conflict theory
Control theory
A probationer misses several check-ins but commits no new crime. What violation is this?
Technical violation
Felony violation
Substantive violation
Civil violation
