Match the discipline to its goal for students who study that discipline: The who, what, and where of systems that attempt to curb crime.

Match the discipline to its goal for students who study that discipline: The systematic preparation of individuals to represent the accused in a court of law.

Match the discipline to its goal for students who study that discipline: The scientific study of human behavior in social settings.

Which of the following was NOT an event in US history thought to affect change in our criminal justice system?

In the United States, the police force's history has roots in

What Supreme Court case guarantees individuals the right to an attorney at trial?

What is the last name of the theorist thought to have come up with the term “criminologia,” from which “criminology” is adapted?

The more alike members of a society are and the more these members share similar values, the ________ likely the society is to need formal means of controlling behavior.

Protesting may occur if people in a society believe that the government is __________ individual rights.

Which of the following is an example of a “formal sanction?”

There are __________ steps to “processing” an individual into the CJ system.

What is the name of the method of crime control that makes sure authorities carefully follow rules and regulations in order to protect individuals accused of a crime?

Italian doctor Cesare Lombroso believed that criminal behavior resulted from

The majority of researchers who study criminal behavior no longer believe that criminals are that much different from noncriminals.

Sigmund Freud believed that __________ was the cause of all behavior, criminal and non-criminal.

Prior to Beccaria, Bethem, and Lombroso's theories, most individuals and legal institutions believed that _________ caused criminal behavior.

Match the supposed cause of criminal behavior to the theoretical school of thought that promoted it. Cause: criminal behavior is the result of imbalances of power in society.

Match the supposed cause of criminal behavior to the theoretical school of thought that promoted it. Cause: criminal acts are caused by unconscious desires.

Match the supposed cause of criminal behavior to the theoretical school of thought that promoted it. Cause: all behavior, including criminal behavior, is learned from significant others.

Match the supposed cause of criminal behavior to the theoretical school of thought that promoted it. Cause: criminal behavior is caused by poor neighborhoods with no resources.

Match the supposed cause of criminal behavior to the theoretical school of thought that promoted it. Cause: criminal behavior is hereditary.

Match the supposed cause of criminal behavior to the theoretical school of thought that promoted it. Cause: the absence of criminal behavior is a result of strong bonds with one's family, church, and school, for example.

In Shaw and McKay's research, the further they moved away from the center of the city, the more crime they encountered.

Merton's strain theory argues that criminal behavior emerges from the ________ adaption to norms.

The opposite of social determinism is:

Italian judge Cesare Beccaria thought criminal activity existed because the criminal justice system did not:

Which collection of crime statistics depends upon victims responding to a survey?

Phillip, a student disgruntled about limited vegetarian options at the university, set fire to the cafeteria last month. Is this a UCR Part I offense or Part II offense?

What agency is responsible for collecting data from all crimes occurring in the US?

Currently, the general public in the US believes crime to be lower than it actually is.

What is pain and suffering caused by inappropriate responses of the criminal justice system and other significant agencies to victims of crime or violence?

Which age group of individuals in the US are considered to be the least victimized by crime?

What percentage of crime victims eventually receive some sort of financial aid from victim service agencies?

Many crimes are simply not reported to the police. This is referred to as:

The public did not begin to insist on official crime statistics until what period?

The FBI concluded that in the year 2015, a murder occurred every 33.5 seconds.

The surveillance cameras at Wal-Mart are a form of:

Two people are accidentally locked in a museum overnight. They eat the food at the museum cafe and use priceless, antique rugs to keep warm. The best defense would be:

A speeding car accidentally runs over and kills someone in a crosswalk. This is an example of:

An elderly man in Florida was arrested for giving food to homeless people, which is against the law. This is a good example of:

______ are crimes for which an offender can receive a punishment of one year or more in a state or federal prison.

Many states have very similar state criminal laws because:

An alibi defense involves proving the offender was mentally ill at the time of the offense.

If someone commits a crime and intended to cause harm, this is legally known as:

Solicitation, conspiracy, and attempt are the three most common types of:

Using force or threatening to use force to take someone's property is legally known as:

A crime against the state specifically means crimes that are considered to have been committed against:

Some states have enacted rape shield laws to prohibit questioning the victim about past sexual experiences.

Which agency is responsible for investigating arson?

One of the most popular models for problem-oriented policing is:

One area where local police have very little jurisdiction (or none at all) is:

A police rank of "Captain" is higher than the rank of "Lieutenant."

The 2nd largest police force in the US is in:

Which agency is responsible for investigating white collar crime?

There are national standards for police academies which every academy must teach.

When policing efforts are focused on one neighborhood, crime may decrease there but move to a nearby neighborhood. This phenomenon is known as:

What does FRSS stand for?

An individual attains the title of "sheriff" when:

Police and other law enforcement organizations publish their formal policies and procedures into something called:

Weeks v. United States (1914) determined that evidence in a case can be:

State-level courts were able to write their own "exclusion of evidence" rules until which year?

If you agree to allow police to search your dorm room, anything they find is admissible in court. Which court case determined this?

There are few instances in which police can search without a warrant. The two most common reasons are:

Do juveniles have the right to remain silent while questioned by police?

An undercover police officer pretends to offer to sell you some marijuana. This tactic is known as a:

All students have a right to privacy in their own lockers at school.

The Eighth Amendment contains the terminology that established Miranda Rights.

An individual who is suspected of terrorism might be held indefinitely under the:

The USA Patriot Act has significantly altered the limits of:

Courts of General Jurisdiction (Trial Courts) can be found on which tier of the federal court system?

The Supreme Court holds what power that allows it to choose what cases it will hear?

There are federal judicial circuits.

Of the following choices, which one is a lower federal court with control limited to setting bail, assisting district courts, and trying lesser misdemeanors?

Article ___ of the U.S. Constitution granted authority to establish the federal court system.

Enforcement of federal codes is the responsibility of the federal court system in which type(s) of trial?

Cases heard by the U.S. Supreme Court that result in how the Constitution will be interpreted are called ___.

In the federal court system, trial courts are known as ___.

There are ___ federal judicial districts.

Identify the court(s) considered a court of last resort.

According to your text, a plea bargain is the disposition in what percent of cases at the federal level?

What type of bond bases release on the defendant's promise to pay the court an amount similar to a cash bail bond if he/she does not fulfill the promise to return for trial?

The time between _____ and _____ is included in the right to a speedy trial.

Releasing a defendant upon his/her signature with a promise to return to trial is which type of bond?

The Amendment to the Constitution preventing a person from being charged for the same crime twice is the ____________.

The fee a bail bondsman charges is usually what percentage of the total bail amount?

Most felony trials are held in which of the following venues?

If a defendant cannot afford a private attorney to represent them, defense counsel is providing what type of defense?

A ______ is a judge's order to both participants and observers at a trial stating that neither evidence nor proceedings of the court may be released in any way to the general public.

Each of these makes up the courtroom work group EXCEPT _______.

_____ refers to comments made by an injured party during an offender's sentencing hearing.

Bifurcated trial structure was required by the U.S. Supreme Court for death penalty cases as a result of which case?

Refers to mandatory sentencing that makes prison terms longer for repeat offenders.

Which of the following refers to the principle that prevention from future offending is best done by removing them from society?

Of the following sentencing models, which one allows the judge to have nearly complete discretion during sentencing?

Of the following states, which adopted "guilty but mentally ill" as a potential verdict?

Which type of deterrence is based upon the idea that a person is best deterred from committing crimes in the future due to the specific nature of the punishment?

Rehabilitating the victim, rather than the offender, is the center of which punishment philosophy?

Which of the sentencing philosophies, also know as "get-tough" sentencing, would support punishment because the criminal deserves it?

Of the following options, which refers to the U.S. Supreme Court effectively banning the use of the death penalty?

Over 50 percent of prisoners can be classified as drug dependent.

The agency responsible for the administrative oversight of federal prisons and jails is which of the following?

Prisoners in Eastern State Penitentiary would be kept in ______.

The Eastern State Penitentiary was founded in what year?

The idea that prisoners should be placed on self-contained, self-governing reservations completely isolated from society is a suggestion of which American criminologist?

Annually, the average approximate cost of housing per inmate in a state prison is ______.

Female inmates with dependent children make up approximately what percent of the state prison system?

The practice of using inmate labor to maintain profit-making plantations in Southern prison systems was known as ______.

_____ prison system became a prototype for future American prisons to model after.

The Prison Rape Elimination Act was passed in what year?

Of the following choices, which state no longer uses private prisons?

The cost of probation for an individual for one year is approximately ______.

The role of a parole officer includes:

Which of the following options is NOT one of the five common organizational structures discussed in the text regarding state probation officers?

____ of prisoners successfully complete parole, according to a 2014 report from BJS.

A(n) ________ refers to an inmate's sentence being reduced either in severity or length.

After completion of the first year of a prison sentence, how many days of good-time credit can a federal inmate earn annually?

Later known as probation, who initiated the process in Boston's municipal courtroom?

____ passed the first probation statute.

Probation was considered to be ____ prior to the Warren Court in Escoe v. Zerbst.

Early release of an inmate is decided by the ____.

What have results from "traditional" methods of incarceration, probation, and parole shown?

A halfway house is a _______.

Which of the following sentences involves a short period of imprisonment before starting probation?

Drug court programs differentiate from the traditional adjudication process in which of the following? Choose the best answer.

_____ is identified as the most salient barrier to halfway housing.

_____ refers to treatment programming created in support of offenders transitioning back into the community after release from prison.

Data from Drug Using Forecasting (DUF) suggests that, at the time of their arrest, a majority of people were _____.

Why does an offender NOT have to report to a probation officer while staying in a halfway house?

What is the goal of drug courts?

A sanction that begins with a person serving a short jail sentence, then being brought back in front of a judge to consider a probationary period is _____.

_____ has seen a 300% increase in school-based incident referrals in the past ten years.

All of the following are examples of situations where the juvenile court would assume authority for a child EXCEPT for which one?

All of the following are considered to be models for juvenile classification EXCEPT for ______.

Of the following, which case set the standard for juveniles being transferred to adult criminal court?

All of the following are status offenses EXCEPT which one?

________ established that juveniles cannot be tried in both juvenile court and adult criminal court for the same offense.

All of the following statements are supported by research of the DARE program except for one. Which one is NOT?

The targeted age group for the DARE program is ______ grades.

One could be found capable of forming mens rea at what age in colonial America?

All of the following are characteristic of hybrid gangs EXCEPT for which one?