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Neuroscience Final

Total questions: 30

Worksheet time: 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Neuroscience is best defined as:

a)

The study of psychological behavior

b)

The study of the nervous system and its cells

c)

The study of muscles and movement

d)

The study of hormones

2.

Which philosopher proposed dualism and believed the pineal gland controlled the body?

a)

William James

b)

Thomas Willis

c)

Rene Descartes

d)

Donald Hebb

3.

What was the main belief behind phrenology?

a)

The brain communicates using electricity

b)

Bumps on the skull reflect personality traits

c)

Memory is stored in the heart

d)

Neurons reproduce throughout adulthood

4.

Which statement describes Hebb’s Rule?

a)

Neurons fire randomly and independently.

b)

Fire together, wire together.

c)

Brain and body are separate systems.

d)

Cells communicate chemically only.

5.

The soma of the neuron is primarily responsible for:

a)

Sending signals to other neurons

b)

Receiving sensory information

c)

Integrating incoming signals

d)

Releasing neurotransmitters

6.

Which neuron structure transmits electrical signals away from the soma?

a)

Dendrites

b)

Axon

c)

Synapse

d)

Vesicle

7.

Which nervous system division controls voluntary movement?

a)

Autonomic nervous system

b)

Parasympathetic nervous system

c)

Somatic nervous system

d)

Sympathetic nervous system

8.

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?

a)

Immune response

b)

Provide nutrients to neurons

c)

Produce myelin in the CNS

d)

Produce myelin in the PNS

9.

What two forces drive passive ion movement?

a)

Gravity & pressure

b)

Diffusion & electrostatic pressure

c)

ATP & protein pumps

d)

Temperature & friction

10.

What event triggers an action potential?

a)

Reaching +100 mV

b)

Hyperpolarization of the neuron

c)

Depolarization to about –40 mV

d)

The release of calcium ions

11.

Which ion flows into the neuron during the rising phase of an action potential?

a)

Cl–

b)

Ca2+

c)

K+

d)

Na+

12.

EPSPs are typically produced by the movement of which ion?

a)

Cl– entering the cell

b)

K+ leaving the cell

c)

Na+ entering the cell

d)

Ca2+ leaving the cell

13.

Who discovered chemical neurotransmission using the vagus nerve?

a)

Michael Merzenich

b)

Otto Loewi

c)

Wilder Penfield

d)

Paul Bach-y-Rita

14.

What ion triggers the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic vesicles?

a)

Na+

b)

Cl–

c)

Ca2+

d)

K+

15.

Ionotropic receptors are best described as:

a)

G-protein linked receptors

b)

Receptors that directly open ion channels

c)

Slow and long-lasting receptors

d)

Hormone-controlled receptors

16.

Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in the brain?

a)

GABA

b)

Serotonin

c)

Glutamate

d)

Dopamine

17.

Which neurotransmitter system degenerates in Parkinson’s disease?

a)

Serotonergic

b)

Dopaminergic

c)

Cholinergic

d)

GABAergic

18.

Which embryonic layer gives rise to the nervous system?

a)

Endoderm

b)

Mesoderm

c)

Dermis

d)

Ectoderm

19.

Which developmental process forms the neural tube?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Induction

c)

Pruning

d)

Acetylation

20.

What disorder results from failure to prune immature synapses?

a)

Alzheimer’s disease

b)

PKU

c)

Fragile X syndrome

d)

Tay-Sachs

21.

Which protein accumulates extracellularly in Alzheimer’s disease?

a)

Tau

b)

Beta-amyloid

c)

Serotonin

d)

Actin

22.

Phasic receptors respond to prolonged stimulation by:

a)

Maintaining steady firing

b)

Increasing their firing rate

c)

Stopping firing quickly / adapting rapidly

d)

Sending signals only to the cerebellum

23.

A-delta fibers are responsible for which sensation?

a)

Itching

b)

Dull lingering pain

c)

Temperature changes

d)

Sharp, fast pain

24.

Which device was used to treat phantom limb syndrome?

a)

Cochlear implant

b)

Brain stimulator

c)

Mirror box

d)

Steroid injection

25.

What do hair cells in the cochlea use to transduce sound?

a)

Voltage-gated Na+ channels

b)

Mechanically-gated K+ and Ca2+ channels

c)

Chemical receptors

d)

ATP pumps

26.

Which structure contains the photoreceptors?

a)

Cornea

b)

Lens

c)

Optic nerve

d)

Retina

27.

Where are cones most densely located?

a)

Optic disc

b)

Fovea

c)

Peripheral retina

d)

Rod layer

28.

When light hits photoreceptors, what happens?

a)

They release more neurotransmitter

b)

They depolarize

c)

They hyperpolarize and release less neurotransmitter

d)

They fire an action potential

29.

The dorsal (“where”) visual pathway is responsible for:

a)

Identifying faces

b)

Recognizing objects

c)

Locating objects and guiding movement

d)

Processing color vision

30.

Damage to the ventral (“what”) pathway causes:

a)

Optic ataxia

b)

Aphasia

c)

Associative agnosia

d)

Hemineglect

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