This 16th- and 17th-century processional dance was performed by Spaniards on religious and other solemn occasions. An adaptation of the basse danse, it was followed by the livelier galliard. Identify this dance, whose name derived from the Italian for 'Paduan.'

This dance, which includes a partner salute and a high, balancing step, was livelier before being introduced to the French court. Bows, curtsies, floor patterns, and slow, graceful steps are its hallmarks. Identify this ballroom dance, whose name means 'small' in French.

This dance's name derives from the German word for 'roll.' Dancers revolve in perpetual circles, holding each other closely as they perform the basic step-step-close movement. What is this oldest ballroom dance, which is performed in 3/4 time?

This type of movement is sometimes known as axial. Examples include dodging, pushing, swaying, and falling. In what type of movement does the dancer remain in the same space?

This Spanish phrase can refer to a spirited march often heard before the opening of a bullfight. In its namesake dance, the male dancer portrays the matador, while the female represents the red cape. Identify this ballroom dance, whose name is Spanish for 'double step.'

This dance, which is similar to the saltarello, inspired compositions by Rossini, Mendelssohn, Chopin, and Liszt. It first appeared in 17th-century Italy, where its rapid 6/8 meter lent itself to an ever-increasing tempo. Identify this folk dance, which was once thought to cure a spider bite.

This form of dance music often requires the fiddle, accordion, guitar, and washboard. It has roots in Afro-Caribbean, Creole, and Cajun cultures. Name this music of Texas and southwestern Louisiana.

This novelty dance is a combination of two different mime techniques, sometimes called the "pull" and "pressure" walks. It involves alternating backward sliding and snapping motions of the heels and toes. Identify this move perfected by Michael Jackson.

The name for this basic dance step is sometimes confused with the square dance sashay. It is a gliding step in which one foot remains in front of the other, similar to the galop. What is this dance, whose name means "chased" in French?

This type of dance is related to the Morris dance, step dance, clogging, and gigue. It is a rapid, springy dance whose complex footwork is usually performed in triple meter by a solo dancer. Identify this three-letter folk dance of northern England, Scotland, and Ireland.

This Spanish dance, which is a combination of the contradanza and sevillana, is performed to a very slow rumba rhythm. It is performed in 3/4 time, and can be danced by a couple or, in performance, by a larger number of dancers. Give the name of this dance, which shares its name with a Maurice Ravel composition.

This type of dance, the counterpart of a court dance, becomes increasingly secular as it passes between generations. It is recreational, celebratory and often nationalistic, and is usually performed by common people. Give the term for dances like the tarantella, mazurka, and hula.

In dance, this word can refer to a male-female duet featuring difficult technical achievements, or a love-duet pas de deux. It literally means "at ease" in Italian. Identify this tempo, which musically refers to a piece played in a slow, leisurely manner.

This lively dance in 2/4 time has a basic pattern of hop-step-close-step. It spread from the Bohemian countryside to Prague ballrooms, before coming to America with Eastern European immigrants. Identify this energetic dance, which is sometimes accompanied by accordion music.

This dance style may also be considered a musical style that expresses the percussive aspects of American jazz. Its earliest performers used wooden clogs, hollow-heeled shoes, or hobnailed boots as they performed on boards laid across sawhorses, barrels, or cobblestones. What is this dance form that, for the past century, has relied on small metal pieces connected to the soles of its dancers' shoes?

This dance, one of the five International Latin ballroom styles, is related to the son, danzón, and mambo. Many social dancers miscount the rhythm, which should actually be counted, "1, 2, 3, 4-and-1." Name this dance, whose quickest section involves hip shakes and side-to-side steps.

This couples dance in 6/8 or 3/4 time begins slowly, but gradually increases in speed. Of Moorish origin, it features finger snaps, hand claps, foot stamps, and castanet accompaniment. What is this dance of Spain?

This ballroom dance alternates slow and quick steps, and may be accompanied by ragtime music. Quarter turns, walking steps, and chassés are the primary steps of this dance, whose one-step version was popularized by Vernon and Irene Castle. What is this dance in 4/4 time, whose name combines a vulpine animal with a horse's gait?

Nineteenth-century composer Jacques Offenbach wrote many songs to accompany this highly theatrical dance. Related to the galop and quadrille, its 2/4 time allows performers to execute high kicks that expose their petticoats. What is this dance sometimes depicted in Toulouse-Lautrec's paintings of the Moulin Rouge?

This element of dance incorporates relationships and focus. Size, pathway, level, and direction are also part of it. Which dance element can be general or personal?

Songs that fall into this category include "I Want Jesus to Walk with Me," "Ride On, King Jesus," and "Down by the Riverside." Some, including "The Gospel Train" and "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot," indirectly referred to the Underground Railroad. Name these English-language folk hymns, which slaves sang as both worship and work songs.

This ballroom dance in 4/4 time requires three steps to be executed to each bar. The basic pattern is two fast side steps, followed by a slow forward step, but the erect torso and subtle, side-to-side hip movements make the dance distinct. Give the five-letter name of this Afro-Cuban dance.

This illusionary dance style is often confused with popping or liquid dancing. The dancer bends and straightens his or her joints in unnatural ways, with jerky movements that resemble motors churning or hinges creaking. What is this dance meant to resemble the movement of a humanoid machine?

This dance can be performed by a single couple, but is usually danced by a circle of four to eight couples. They click their heels and stamp their feet, forcefully accenting the second beat, to music in 3/4 or 3/8 time. What folk dance originated in 16th-century east-central Poland?

This dancer-choreographer's mentor was Lester Horton, who introduced L.A. to modern dance and established the nation's first racially integrated dance company. After directing Horton's company for a year, he moved to New York, where he employed African-American dancers and created works that reflected their experiences. Who is this influential figure in modern dance?

Identify the choreographer of Revelations, the signature piece of his American Dance Theater.

This performer, who made her stage debut with the New Dance Group, choreographed The Wedding for Alvin Ailey's American Dance Theater. Civil rights struggles inspired many of her other choreographed pieces, including Strange Fruit, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, and Michael, Row Your Boat Ashore. Name this woman, who based African Ceremonial on the field research she conducted for her PhD.

This 'Pied Piper of Dance' studied at the School of American Ballet under George Balanchine. He became the first African-American to dance classical ballet in the Soviet Union, and founded the National Ballet Company of Brazil. Who founded and ran the Dance Theatre of Harlem?

Although he studied at the Imperial School of Ballet, this man was one of the first defectors, moving to the West in 1924. He choreographed Apollo and The Prodigal Son for the Ballets Russes, but brought neoclassicism to stagings of Don Quixote and The Nutcracker. Who was the co-founder and chief choreographer of the New York City Ballet?

As a soloist in Martha Graham's dance company, this man starred as the Acrobat in Every Soul is a Circus and the Christ Figure in El Penitente. He choreographed Inlets and The Seasons before forming his own dance company, but forsook two decades' worth of choreographed work in favor of 'events.' Who enjoyed a long professional and personal relationship with composer John Cage?

After training at the Vaganova ballet school, this dancer starred in Vestris and Gorianka with the Kirov Ballet. He later defected to the West, where he danced for a year for George Balanchine's New York City Ballet, and also rechoreographed Don Quixote and The Nutcracker. Who is this former soloist and longtime artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre?

This man, the first to win a Tony, Oscar, and Emmy in the same year, employed hats in his choreography because of early balding. He often collaborated with dancer Gwen Verdon, whom he married, and frequently incorporated rolled shoulders, turned-in knees, and jazz hands into shows. Name the choreographer of The Pajama Game, Sweet Charity, and Chicago.

When this dancer performed in films, he usually wore regular clothing and appeared in common settings. He portrayed a ballet-dancing sailor in On the Town, and an expatriate painter in An American in Paris. Who also played silent film star Don Lockwood in the classic Singin' in the Rain?

This dancer, whose high jumps were legendary, was dismissed from the Ballets Russes upon his 1913 marriage to a Hungarian heiress. He spent the latter half of his life ravaged by schizophrenia, but his early career included starring turns in Petrushka and Scheherazade. Who choreographed The Afternoon of a Faun and The Rite of Spring?

This choreographer's lesser-known works include Bells Are Ringing, High Button Shoes, and Peter Pan. His ballet Fancy Free became the musical On the Town, and he shared directing and choreography responsibilities for Fiddler on the Roof and Gypsy. Who was this choreographer most remembered for West Side Story?

In this musical, this man reworked such classic ballets as The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker. In 1977, he almost became the Royal Ballet's director, but turned down the job because he wanted to continue dancing. Name this Soviet defector, who portrayed Albrecht opposite Margot Fonteyn's Giselle.

This woman's attempts to expose Western audiences to Eastern dances earned her the nickname "Jersey Hindoo." Japanese Noh theater inspired Omika, while Indian friends helped her develop Radha, and a poster of the goddess Isis led to Egypta. Identify this dancer and choreographer, who co-founded a performing arts school with her husband Ted Shawn.

This graduate of Alvienne School of the Dance replaced an ailing Gene Kelly in the film Easter Parade. Known for his top hat, tails, white tie, and cane, he also brought class to the movies Royal Wedding and Silk Stockings. Identify this co-star of ten films with Ginger Rogers.

This choreographer of the New York Metropolitan Opera's 1963 revival of Aida served for a time as the technical and artistic director to Senegal's president. She created the ballet L'Ag'Ya for the Federal Theatre Project and, two years later, formed an all-black touring dance troupe. Identify the choreographer of Tropics and Le Jazz Hot, who used her knowledge of black Caribbean arts to obtain a PhD in anthropology.

Agnes de Mille suggested this ballerina's stage name when she learned a role for Rodeo. She danced with the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo before transitioning to her one-time husband's New York City Ballet. Give the name of this ballerina, whose father was a member of the Osage Nation in Oklahoma.

This dancer replaced Alicia Markova at the Vic-Wells Ballet in 1934. She starred in ballets choreographed by Kenneth MacMillan and Frederick Ashton, as well as revivals of The Sleeping Beauty and Swan Lake. Name this ballerina.

This dancer, who lends her name to a fluffy meringue dessert, decided to become a ballerina after watching a production of The Nutcracker at age eight. She toured the world with the Ballets Russes before founding her own company. Name this performer of the solo 'The Dying Swan.'

Among this choreographer's innovations were using props as symbols, interspersing speech with dance, and using moving scenery. The first dancer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, she choreographed Maple Leaf Rag just a year before her death in 1991. Identify this experimental performer remembered for Appalachian Spring.

This daughter of a film producer and niece of a film director preferred the stage, joining choreographers like Martha Graham in the short-lived Dance Repertory Theater. The founder of Heritage Dance Theater, she choreographed musicals like Paint Your Wagon, as well as the Lizzie Borden-inspired ballet Fall River Legend. Name the choreographer, who melded tap, ballet, and musical theater dance steps in Rodeo and Oklahoma!