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Unit 4: Antebellum Era

Total questions: 124

Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What was the primary purpose of the creation of the 2 Party System in the United States?

a)

To divide the country into regions.

b)

To address political differences and organize government policies.

c)

To end sectionalism in the United States.

d)

To summarize the events leading to the Civil War.

2.

Which of the following was a major issue in the early 1800s in the United States?

a)

The rise of sectionalism.

b)

The abolition of slavery.

c)

The creation of the United Nations.

d)

The establishment of the Federal Reserve.

3.

How did the comparison of different regions in the United States contribute to sectionalism?

a)

It highlighted economic and cultural differences between regions.

b)

It unified the country under one political party.

c)

It led to the abolition of slavery.

d)

It caused the United States to lose territory to Britain.

4.

What were some of the events that led to the Civil War in the United States?

a)

The War of 1812 and the creation of the 2 Party System.

b)

Sectionalism and disputes over slavery.

c)

The establishment of the Federal Reserve and economic independence.

d)

The rise of nationalism and the abolition of slavery.

5.

What was the result of George Washington’s cabinet not getting along?

a)

The creation of new political parties

b)

The abolition of political parties

c)

The strengthening of international relations

d)

The establishment of a monarchy

6.

Which political parties faced off during the election of 1796?

a)

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

b)

Federalists and Whigs

c)

Democratic-Republicans and Libertarians

d)

Federalists and Socialists

7.

When the French Revolution began in 1789, which political group in the United States supported the French in overthrowing their king?

a)

Federalists

b)

Democratic-Republicans

c)

Loyalists

d)

Whigs

8.

What was one of the effects of the United States' attempt to remain neutral during the Napoleonic Wars?

a)

It united the government of the United States.

b)

It created more separation in the government of the United States.

c)

It led to the United States joining the war.

d)

It strengthened the alliance with Britain.

9.

Who were the Federalist candidates in the Election of 1796?

a)

John Adams and Charles Pinckney

b)

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

c)

Alexander Hamilton and John Jay

d)

James Madison and George Clinton

10.

Who were the Democratic-Republican candidates in the Election of 1796?

a)

John Adams and Charles Pinckney

b)

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

c)

Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson

d)

James Madison and Aaron Burr

11.

What was Alexander Hamilton's role in the Election of 1796?

a)

He supported John Adams wholeheartedly.

b)

He disliked John Adams and tried to get votes for Charles Pinckney.

c)

He ran as a candidate for Vice President.

d)

He remained neutral during the election.

12.

What was the result of the Election of 1796?

a)

Thomas Jefferson won the presidency, and Aaron Burr became Vice President.

b)

John Adams won narrowly, but Charles Pinckney did not get many Vice President votes, so Thomas Jefferson became Vice President.

c)

John Adams and Charles Pinckney both won their respective positions.

d)

Alexander Hamilton became President, and Thomas Jefferson became Vice President.

13.

What was the primary purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts passed by the Federalists?

a)

To promote freedom of the press

b)

To limit the growth of the Democratic-Republican Party and silence its newspapers

c)

To encourage immigration to the United States

d)

To strengthen the power of the states over the federal government

14.

What controversy was associated with the Alien and Sedition Acts in the year 1800?

a)

The election of Thomas Jefferson as president

b)

The declaration of war against Britain

c)

The drafting of the Bill of Rights

d)

The establishment of the Supreme Court

15.

What doctrine did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions help establish?

a)

The federal supremacy doctrine

b)

The states' rights doctrine

c)

The separation of powers doctrine

d)

The judicial review doctrine

16.

Who opposed both the Embargo Act and the War of 1812?

a)

Democratic-Republicans

b)

Federalists

c)

Native Americans

d)

War Hawks

17.

What did Democratic-Republicans living in the West accuse the British of doing?

a)

Encouraging American settlers to attack Native Americans

b)

Urging Native Americans to attack American settlers

c)

Supporting the Embargo Act

d)

Declaring war on America

18.

What happened to the Federalist Party by the end of the War of 1812?

a)

It became the dominant political party

b)

It merged with the Republican Party

c)

It died out

d)

It formed a coalition with the Democratic-Republicans

19.

What did the remaining Republicans (Democratic-Republicans) begin calling themselves after the War of 1812?

a)

Federalists

b)

National Republicans

c)

Whigs

d)

Progressives

20.

What were some of the geographical and climatic characteristics of the North?

a)

Warm climate and long growing season

b)

Colder climate, short growing season, and less farmable land

c)

Tropical climate with abundant rainfall

d)

Desert-like conditions with scarce water resources

21.

What was the economy of the South primarily based on during the era of sectionalism?

a)

Industrial manufacturing

b)

Agriculture and slave labor

c)

Trade and commerce

d)

Mining and natural resources

22.

What did the West want to help their section grow faster during the era of sectionalism?

a)

More protection from Native Americans and more roads built

b)

Laws made to help it grow faster and become more prosperous

c)

A split on slavery and tariff issues

d)

Disunity among the three sections of the country

23.

What was one of the demands of the West during sectionalism regarding infrastructure?

a)

More railroads and roads built

b)

More factories established

c)

More schools constructed

d)

More ports developed

24.

How was the West divided during sectionalism?

a)

On issues of education and healthcare

b)

On slavery and tariff issues between North and South

c)

On industrial development and agriculture

d)

On trade and commerce policies

25.

What did sectionalism promote in the United States?

a)

Unity among the three sections of the country

b)

Disunity and arguments among the three sections of the country

c)

Economic growth and prosperity

d)

Peaceful coexistence between the North, South, and West

26.

What was the belief behind Manifest Destiny?

a)

That Americans had a God-given right to own all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

b)

That Americans should only settle in the eastern part of the United States.

c)

That Americans should avoid expanding their territory.

d)

That Americans should focus on industrial development rather than land expansion.

27.

What was the status of Maine under the Missouri Compromise?

a)

A slave state

b)

A free state

c)

A neutral state

d)

A disputed state

28.

What law led to Denmark Vesey's plan for revolt?

a)

A law that suppressed black rights to go to church

b)

A law that banned free men from owning property

c)

A law that prohibited black people from traveling

d)

A law that increased taxes on black communities

29.

What power did Henry Clay wield as Speaker of the House during the election process?

a)

He could veto the Electoral College results.

b)

He convinced other congressmen to support Adams.

c)

He directly chose the President.

d)

He organized a second election.

30.

How did Jackson's followers view him?

a)

As a wealthy elite

b)

As a 'common man'

c)

As a military leader

d)

As a foreign diplomat

31.

Which region felt the tariffs imposed during the presidency of Andrew Jackson were unfair and should be nullified?

a)

North

b)

West

c)

South

d)

Northwest Territory

32.

What was President Jackson's position on South Carolina's claim that they could nullify the Tariff of 1828?

a)

They had a right to nullify the tariff

b)

No state had the right to ignore a law passed by Congress

c)

The U.S. Constitution was ambivalent

d)

They needed Congress to pass a treaty to enable them to nullify

33.

Which position was South Carolina affirming when it declared its intention to secede from the Union?

a)

civil rights

b)

states' rights

c)

individual rights

d)

women's rights

34.

Which factor contributed to the Nullification Crisis?

a)

the defense of slavery

b)

the belief in King Cotton

c)

the protection of states' rights

d)

the election of Abraham Lincoln

35.

Which constitutional issue led to the Nullification Crisis of 1832?

a)

Do courts have the power to rule on the constitutionality of state laws?

b)

Does the president have the authority to use the military to enforce the law?

c)

Does the federal government have the authority to enact laws regarding slavery?

d)

Do states have the power to declare a federal law unconstitutional?

36.

What was the primary question surrounding the 1832 Nullification Crisis?

a)

Can the federal government regulate interstate commerce?

b)

Can a state regulate a federal agency?

c)

Can a state overturn a federal law?

d)

Can the federal government levy taxes on states?

37.

Conflicting interpretations of this amendment played a major role in the -

a)

Bank War

b)

Nullification Crisis

c)

Corrupt Bargain

d)

XYZ Affair

38.

The proclamation excerpted above was issued during which of these historical events?

a)

Shays's Rebellion

b)

The War of 1812

c)

The Nullification Crisis

d)

The Civil War

39.

Which issue do the events in these headlines have in common?

a)

Expansion of slavery

b)

States' rights

c)

Taxation without representation

d)

Popular sovereignty

40.
What new political party is formed by the Northern Whigs after Zachary Taylor dies?​ 
a)
Federalists
b)
Whigs
c)
Democrats
d)
Republicans
41.

The political party that did not want a strong central government in 1828

a)
Bureaucracy
b)
Democrats
c)
Whigs
d)
Republicans
42.
Political party that favored states' rights in 1828
a)
Democrats
b)
Republicans
c)
Whigs
d)
National Republicans
43.
The "corrupt bargain"
a)
Name given to an alleged deal between Clay & Adams in the 1824 election
b)
Name given to an alleged deal between Clay & Adams in the 1828 election
c)
Name given to an alleged deal between Jackson & Adams in the 1824 election
d)
Name given to an alleged deal between Webster& Adams in the 1824 election
44.
Mudslinging
a)
Working well with your opponent
b)
A system where appointed officials, not elected ones, carry out laws
c)
An attempt to ruin a candidate's personal reputation
d)
Name given to an alleged deal between Clay & Adams in the 1824 election
45.
How did Zachary Taylor die?
a)
He got pneumonia
b)
He got the flu
c)
Eating Milk and Cherries
d)
Eating Milk and Chocolate
46.
What political party was Zachary Taylor a member of?
a)
Whig
b)
Republican
c)
Democratic
d)
Federalist
47.
Winning candidates who give government jobs to their supporters are making use of which of the following?
a)
Laissez-faire
b)
The Electoral College
c)
Executive Privilege
d)
The Spoils System
48.
Andrew Jackson wanted to expand voting rights to
a)
Women
b)
African Americans
c)
All White Men
d)
Native Americans
49.
What was the name given to the trip taken by the Cherokee to the Indian Territory?
a)
Tiring Trail
b)
Trail of Removal
c)
Trail of Tears
d)
Trail of Death
50.
What hurt Van Buren's chances for reelection in 1840?
a)
The Panic if 1837
b)
The creation of the Federal Treasury
c)
Laissez-faire economics
d)
None of the these
51.
What group decided the election of 1824?
a)
The Senate
b)
The People
c)
The House of Representatives
d)
The Electoral College
52.
About how many Cherokee died during their removal to the Indian Territory?
a)
10,000
b)
3,000
c)
1,000
d)
4,000
53.
Who believed in individual states' rights and that they had the right to nullify federal laws?
a)
Jackson
b)
Adams
c)
Van Buren
d)
Calhoun
54.
What was John Tyler's greatest accomplishment as president?
a)
Ended war with Great Britain
b)
Established southern borders with Mexico
c)
Established northern borders with Canada from Main to Michigan
d)
Established northern borders with Canada from Main to Minnesota
55.
Which of the following was NOT one of the Five Civilized Tribes
a)
Chickasaw
b)
Choctaw
c)
Seminole
d)
Sauks
56.

Which political party tried to manipulate the results of the election of 1836?

a)
Republicans
b)
Democrats
c)
Federalists
d)
Whigs
57.
Which tribe was the only tribe to successfully resist removal?
a)
Cherokee
b)
Choctaw
c)
Chickasaw
d)
Seminole
58.
Which tribe sued the state of Georgia for land?
a)
Creek
b)
Cherokee
c)
Seminole
d)
Choctaw
59.
Which act did Congress pass to force the relocation of Native Americans?
a)
The Alien Act
b)
The Naturalization Act
c)
The Indian Removal Act
d)
The Relocation Act
60.
In which state was most of the Indian territory located?
a)
Kansas
b)
Texas
c)
Oklahoma
d)
Nebraska
61.
Which party was John Tyler a member of?
a)
Democrats
b)
Republicans
c)
Whigs
d)
Federalists
62.
What was Jackson's response to South Carolina's Nullification Act?
a)
He agreed with the act
b)
He created the Force Bill
c)
He kicked South Carolina out of the Union
d)
He ignored South Carolina
63.

The Journey of the Cherokee who were forced to move from their homes in the Southeast to the Indian Territory became known as the...

a)

Wilderness Trail

b)

Indian Removal Act

c)

Trail of Tears

d)

Louisiana Purchase

64.

How did Andrew Jackson feel about American Indians?

a)

He loved our nations rich culture

b)

He felt they hindered the growth of settlers

c)

He felt that the needed to become more like the settlers

d)

He wanted to give them a holiday of their own

65.

Andrew Jacks convinced congress to ratify which act in 1830?

a)

The National Day of Indian Recognition Act

b)

The Monroe Doctrine

c)

The Treaty of Ghent

d)

The Indian Removal Act

66.

1. The United States Army forced Native American tribes to move ______ of the ________River.

a)

North of the Broad River

b)

South of the Rio Grand River

c)

West of the Mississippi River

d)

East of the Mississippi River

67.

What was the name of the Cherokee Chief who led the fight against the Indian Removal Act?

a)

Andrew Jackson

b)

John Marshall

c)

John Ross

d)

Andrew Marshall

68.

The Supreme Court Chief Justice who ruled against the Indian Removal Act was?

a)

James Madison

b)

John Marshall

c)

John Ross

d)

Andrew Jackson

69.

What did John Marshall say about the Indian Removal Act?

a)

That it was against the law

b)

That it was perfectly leagal

70.

How many miles were Native Americans forced to travel?

a)

3,000

b)

500

c)

1,000

d)

100

71.

How Many Native Americans died on the trail?

a)

1/2 the population

b)

1/4 the population

c)

1/3 the population

d)

3/4 the population

72.

What did Native Americans die from on the trail?

a)

Cold and disease

b)

Heat and disease

c)

Cold and frost bite

d)

Heat and lack of water

73.

Which state entered the Union as a free state as a result of the Compromise of 1850?

a)

California

b)

Maine

c)

Missouri

d)

Texas

74.

Which politician from Kentucky was instrumental in creating the Compromise of 1850? Hint: He also was key in passing the Missouri Compromise in 1820,

a)

Henry Clay

b)

John Quincy Adams

c)

John C. Calhoun

d)

Abraham Lincoln

75.

The idea that political power belongs to the people is called_____________________, and allows the people to make decisions about who will represent them in government and what laws will be established.

a)

Popular Sovereignty

b)

Checks and Balances

c)

Federalism

d)

Separation of Powers

76.

The number of slave states and free states was balanced when California wanted to become a state in 1850. How many of each kind of state were there?

a)

11

b)

13

c)

15

d)

25

77.

What term means to formally withdraw from something? Like when slave states wanted to leave the United States.

a)

cede

b)

secede

c)

repeal

d)

annex

78.

After the Fugitive Slave Act was passed in 1850, some 343 fugitive slave cases were heard over the next 10 years. How many of those cases resulted in accused fugitive slaves being declared free?

a)

11

b)

249

c)

131

d)

36

79.

Where was the safest place for a runaway slaves to go after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850?

a)

Virginia

b)

Canada

c)

California

d)

Pennsylvania

80.

According to the Compromise of 1850, which two territories were allowed to decide for themselves on the issue of allowing or banning slavery by popular sovereignty?

a)

Utah and New Mexico

b)

California and Oregon

c)

Oklahoma and Texas

d)

Michigan and Ohio

81.

Which part of the nation would be most in favor of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

a)

The Northern free states

b)

The Southern slave states

c)

California

d)

The states in New England

82.

Sectionalism occurs when people favor the interests of one section of the country over the interests of the entire country. The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act that followed ____________________________________.

a)

increased sectional tensions in the United States

b)

decreased sectional tensions in the United States

c)

kept sectional tensions between the north and the south about the same

83.

The Missouri Compromise, the compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act were all efforts to

a)

end fighting between midwestern farmers and native American Indians

b)

encourage manufacturing in the west

c)

increase the number of people who voted in presidential elections

d)

settle disputes over the spread of slavery to the western territories

84.
This was a mini-Civil War fought in the Kansas territory between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers 
a)
Missouri Compromise 
b)
Summer if 1856
c)
Bleeding Kansas
d)
Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas
85.
This law (act) opened the Kansas and Nebraska territory to being possible slave states 
a)
Fugitive Slave Act 
b)
Bleeding Kansas
c)
Missouri Compromise 
d)
Kansas-Nebraska Act 
86.

What is popular sovereignty?

a)

Where sovereignty is left to the government to decide

b)

Where sovereignty is left to the people to decide

87.

Which of the following was one of the effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

a)

Kansas and Nebraska were united into one territory

b)

Residents could vote on the issue of slavery

c)

Banned slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska

d)

Allowed slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska

88.

Which of the following describes "Bleeding Kansas"?

a)

A violent slave uprising led by Joseph Cinque

b)

Violence in Kansas between proslavery and antislavery settlers prior to the Civil War

c)

The turning point of the Civil War, in which Robert E. Lee's army was routed from Kansas

d)

The devastation caused by a tornado in Kansas in 1854, which killed 55 people

89.
The WHAT was part of the Compromise of 1850 and made it a crime to help runaway slaves?
a)
Fugitive Slave Act
b)
Fugitive Criminal Act
c)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
d)
California-Maine Act
90.
Who led the anti-slavery fighters?
a)
Jim Brown
b)
John Brown
c)
Joe Brown
d)
Phil Brown
91.
The Missouri Compromise allowed what state to be a slave state and what state to be a free state?
a)
Missouri/ Maine
b)
Maine/Missouri
c)
Texas/California
d)
California/ D.C
92.
This picture represents what event?
a)
Bleeding Kansas
b)
The Compromise of 1850
c)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
d)
The Missouri Compromise
93.

What best describes Dred Scott ?

a)

slave who sued for his freedom

b)

slaveowner who sued for the return of a fugitive slave

c)

Georgia politician trying to ban slavery

d)

Supreme Court judge making a ruling on the spread of slavery

94.

Dred Scott's case went to...

a)

the Georgia State Supreme Court.

b)

the United States Supreme Court.

c)

the U.S. Congress.

d)

Georgia General Assembly

95.

The Dred Scott decision...

a)

angered southerners, satisfied northerners.

b)

satisfied southerners, angered northerners.

c)

promoted the abolitionist movement.

d)

resulted in a compromise between the North & South.

96.

(Please select three correct answers) In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves...

a)

were NOT citizens of the U.S.

b)

had NO right to sue in court.

c)

were considered to be the property of their owner.

d)

should all be freed immediately.

97.

The ruling in the Dred Scott case protected the rights of...

a)

fugitive slaves.

b)

abolitionists.

c)

slave owners.

d)

anti-slavery groups.

98.

Why did he think he was free?

a)

He Bought His Freedom

b)

His Owner Died

c)

He Was Kidnapped

d)

He Lived Temporarily In A Free State/Territory

99.

What was the impact of the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision on the United States?

a)

It strengthened the Democratic Party.

b)

It was able to calm for a while the growing anger between North and South.

c)

It angered the South and pleased the North.

d)

It divided the US further and brought it closer to war.

100.

What was the ruling of the Missouri court in the Dred Scott case?

a)

Only Scott should be free

b)

The Scotts should be freed, but the decision was later overturned

c)

The children of the Scotts would be free

d)

Only Scott's wife should be free

101.

What did Dred Scott argue in the Scott v. Sandford case?

a)

He was free because he had lived in free states

b)

He was free because he was now a slaveholder

c)

He should not have been captured because he was a fugitive

d)

He should get his property back through due process

102.

Who was the chief justice of the United States during the Scott v. Sandford case?

a)

John Brown

b)

Roger B. Taney

c)

James Buchanan

d)

Millard Fillmore

103.

In the Scott v. Sandford case, the Supreme Court

a)

ruled in favor of Sandford

b)

threw the case out of court

c)

ruled in favor of Scott

d)

declared a mistrial

104.

What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case?

a)

that slavery diminished the national character

b)

that African American rights were protected by the Constitution

c)

that African Americans did not have the right to sue in federal court

d)

that slavery should be abolished by executive order

105.

What did John Brown hope to achieve by his raid at Harpers Ferry?

a)

to create a rebellion led by enslaved people that would bring an end to slavery

b)

to bring attention to the conflict between the North and the South

c)

to bring the two sides together to form a new compromise

d)

to create a revolution that would lead to a war between the states

106.

How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 impact Lincoln’s political future?

a)

He won the senate race in Illinois

b)

He became known throughout the nation

c)

He was seen as a poor candidate for public office

d)

He felt discouraged and removed himself from politics for a time

107.

Events & Acts: Supreme Court decision in 1857 that ruled that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and could not sue in federal court; also Congress did not have the power to limit slavery

a)

Dred Scott Decision

b)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

c)

John Brown's Raid

d)

Wilmot Proviso

108.

Events & Acts: series of political debates between Illinois U.S. Senate candidates Abraham Lincoln & Stephen Douglas about the issue of slavery

a)

Dred Scott Decision

b)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

c)

John Brown's Raid

d)

Wilmot Proviso

109.

Events & Acts: 1859 effort to arm slaves for a rebellion by seizing the federal arsenal of weapons at Harpers Ferry

a)

Dred Scott Decision

b)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

c)

John Brown's Raid

d)

Wilmot Proviso

110.

People: slave that sued for his freedom in the Supreme Court

a)

Dred Scott

b)

Roger Taney

c)

Abraham Lincoln

d)

Stephen Douglas

e)

John Brown

111.

People: Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; issued the Dred Scott decision in 1857

a)

Dred Scott

b)

Roger Taney

c)

Abraham Lincoln

d)

Stephen Douglas

e)

John Brown

112.

People: became a national figure after a series of debates about slavery; elected President of the United States in 1860

a)

Dred Scott

b)

Roger Taney

c)

Abraham Lincoln

d)

Stephen Douglas

e)

John Brown

113.

People: Abraham Lincoln's opponent in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate election

a)

Dred Scott

b)

Roger Taney

c)

Abraham Lincoln

d)

Stephen Douglas

e)

John Brown

114.

People: led a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry; wanted to arm slaves for a rebellion that would end slavery

a)

Dred Scott

b)

Roger Taney

c)

Abraham Lincoln

d)

Stephen Douglas

e)

John Brown

115.
Abraham Lincoln ran against and debated this "little giant" for a seat in the Senate. 
a)
Stephen Fuller Austin
b)
Stephen Curry
c)
Stephen Douglas
d)
Frederick Douglass
116.
The idea that the country could not continue being half and half free was the message of Lincoln's ...
a)
1860 State of the Union Address
b)
"House-Divided Speech"
c)
Gettysburg Address
d)
Second Inaugural Address
117.
Which of the following people can not be called an abolitionist?
a)
William Lloyd Garrison
b)
Frederick Douglass
c)
Abraham Lincoln
d)
John Brown
118.
This guy attempted to start a slave revolt....it didn't work.
a)
Abraham Lincoln
b)
John Bell 
c)
John Breckenridge
d)
John Brown
119.
What was the ultimate fate of John Brown?
a)
He was hanged.
b)
He was acquitted because he was found insane.
c)
He single handedly ended slavery in the US.
d)
He was killed by lethal injection.
120.
Who won the Election of 1860?
a)
Bell
b)
Breckenridge
c)
Douglas
d)
Lincoln
121.
During the Election of 1860...
a)
Republicans were split over slavery.
b)
Whigs won easily
c)
Democrats were divided over slavery
d)
Abraham Lincoln won over 80% of the popular vote
122.
Abraham Lincoln was a _________.
a)
Republican
b)
Democrat
c)
Libertarian
d)
Socialist
123.
Republicans wanted all of the following except..
a)
immediate abolition of slavery
b)
Stopping the extension of slavery
c)
A Homestead Act
d)
Building a Transcontinental RR
124.
What caused Southern States to secede from the Union?
a)
The Election of Lincoln in 1860
b)
The Dred Scott Decision
c)
Harper's Ferry
d)
Bleeding Kansas