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WorksheetsBiology SEM 1 Summary sheet
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 15mins
Actin is a protein that helps the cell maintain its shape and polarity and plays a major role in muscle contraction. A table summarizing the cellular functions of different types of proteins is shown. Based on this information, actin is most likely
an enzyme protein
a structural protein
a messenger protein
a transport protein
Scientists observe the traits of cells on Slide 1 and record: are single-celled; have no nucleus; have flagella. Based on these observations, identify the cell type for Slide 1. Choose the correct answer.
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Scientists observe the traits of cells on Slide 2 and record: reproduce through mitosis; have linear DNA; have endoplasmic reticulum. Based on these observations, identify the cell type for Slide 2. Choose the correct answer.
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Scientists observe the traits of cells on Slide 3 and record: have a membrane-bound nucleus; have membrane-bound organelles; are multicellular. Based on these observations, identify the cell type for Slide 3. Choose the correct answer.
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Scientists observe the traits of cells on Slide 4 and record: have mitochondria; are larger than 10 micrometers; have complex structure. Based on these observations, identify the cell type for Slide 4. Choose the correct answer.
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Which statement accurately compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells replicate faster than prokaryotic cells.
Only prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
Only prokaryotic cells lack outer membranes and cell walls.
Which of these properties is found only in cancer cells?
Unregulated cell division
Regulated gene expression
Response to signals outside of the cell
Presence of mitochondria
Scientists report that more than 95% of the factors that lead to some types of cancers are caused by random DNA-copying errors. During which phase of the cell cycle do these DNA-copying errors most likely occur?
S phase
G[0;31m1[0m phase
G[0;31m2[0m phase
M phase
A student makes a table to describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration and asks: Which process causes the result "Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere"? Choose the correct process.
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
A student makes a table to describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration and asks: Which process causes the result "Energy is stored in carbon compounds"? Choose the correct process.
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
A student makes a table to describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration and asks: Which process causes the result "Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere"? Choose the correct process.
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
A student makes a table to describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration and asks: Which process causes the result "Energy is released from carbon compounds"? Choose the correct process.
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
The function of an enzyme in a biochemical reaction is to --
raise the temperature of the system
speed up the rate of the reaction
increase the amount of substrate added
change the type of product formed
Rennin is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that solidifies milk. Rennin was added to three different test tubes with milk. Each test tube was placed in a water bath for ten minutes. The data collected during the experiment are shown. Test Tube | Variable | Result 1 | Cold water bath | Few solids present in the liquid milk 2 | Room-temperature water bath | Semi-solid milk 3 | Hot water bath | No solids, only liquid milk Which statement best explains the result of test tube 3?
The enzyme changed the product.
The substrate was used up.
The enzyme was denatured.
The substrate reacted with the enzyme.
A diagram of the steps in the production of a protein is shown. Which description identifies the purpose of Step A in this process?
To correct mutations in the DNA sequence
To produce an exact copy of the DNA molecule
To copy the DNA of a gene sequence onto a strand of mRNA
To assist in the folding of a protein
The salamanders of the genus Ambystoma in northeastern North America are an entirely female population that reproduces asexually through the process of cloning. However, they have developed a way of inserting DNA from other species of salamanders into their own DNA. How has DNA from other salamander species helped these Ambystoma salamanders survive environmental changes over the past 6 million years?
By decreasing the mutations that occur in the DNA
By increasing genetic diversity in the population
By making the DNA more similar across the population
By creating many genetically identical individuals
During the Industrial Revolution in England, burning coal increased the soot level in the air, and the soot darkened the tree bark. As a result, the population of dark-colored peppered moths significantly increased. Which statement describes the MOST LIKELY reason why the population of dark-colored peppered moths increased?
Light-colored peppered moths were better adapted than dark-colored peppered moths.
Light-colored peppered moths migrated to areas with less pollution.
Changes to the peppered moths' diet caused an increase of pigment that led to a darker color.
Dark-colored peppered moths had a genetic variation that provided better coverage from predators in their changing environment.
As part of a wildlife conservation program, researchers take a small population of wolves and relocate them to an island. After several generations, researchers analyze the genomes of the wolves in the population and determine that there is little genetic variation in the population. Which evolutionary mechanism BEST explains the low level of genetic variation of these wolves?
Gene flow
Founder effect
Mutation
Recombination
The bar graph shows the average beak depth (distance from the top of the beak to the bottom) of a population of finches. The data were collected in 1976 and in 1978, after a drought occurred in 1977 in the area. Which factor BEST describes the change in this population of finches?
An increase in resource availability
A change in the reproductive success of one individual bird
A decrease in fitness that increased survival rates
A change in phenotype distribution because of an environmental factor
When the axolotl, a type of salamander, loses its legs or tail, it can regenerate the damaged tissue and regrow these body parts. Which statement describes the cellular processes that will MOST LIKELY occur when an axolotl loses its tail?
The area where the tail is growing will have an increased rate of meiosis and a decreased rate of mitosis.
The rate of somatic cell division and meiosis will decrease in all body cells except the tail.
The size of axolotl body cells will increase until a larger tail has developed due to an increased rate of mitosis.
The area where the tail is growing will have an increased rate of mitosis and cell division.
Viewing this model of DNA, what type of bond is represented by the arrow?
ionic bond
carbon bond
hydrogen bond
covalent bond
In DNA base pairing, this bond pairs Adenine with which base?
Thymine
Uracil
Guanine
In DNA base pairing, Cytosine pairs with which base?
Thymine
Uracil
Guanine
A base sequence of the DNA from a gene is shown: ATC GGC TA. Due to a mutation, the base sequence was changed as shown: ATT GGC TA. Which type of mutation has occurred in the gene?
Deletion
Substitution
Insertion
Translocation
The diagram below shows a change that occurred in a pair of chromosomes during meiosis. After fertilization, the alteration that occurred will MOST likely
change the number of chromosomes found in each body cell.
be passed on to every body cell that develops from the gamete.
increase the number of body cells that make up the embryo.
inhibit the growth and development of the developing embryo.
This question has two parts. In cattle, the hornless trait is dominant to the horned trait. A farmer starts with a herd of cattle heterozygous for the horned trait and wants to keep the herd hornless. To keep the hornless trait, the farmer builds fences around the farm to prevent the cattle from mating with any horned cattle in the area. Part A Which statement describes what will MOST LIKELY happen to the cattle population on the farm over time?
All the cattle will remain hornless.
The next generation of cattle will all be horned.
There will continue to be some horned cattle in each generation.
Horned cattle will appear after every two generations.
This question has two parts. In cattle, the hornless trait is dominant to the horned trait. A farmer starts with a herd of cattle heterozygous for the horned trait and wants to keep the herd hornless. To keep the hornless trait, the farmer builds fences around the farm to prevent the cattle from mating with any horned cattle in the area. Part B Which evidence supports your answer in Part A?
Two recessive alleles could be inherited to produce horned cattle.
The hornless allele is dominant, and the chance of it appearing is always 100%.
The recessive allele will become a dominant allele after the first mating.
The appearance of dominant and recessive alleles switches periodically.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder in humans. What is the probability that an offspring will have cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers of cystic fibrosis?
25%
50%
75%
100%
A cell undergoing a biological process is shown in a four-step diagram labeled Step 1 through Step 4. Between Step 2 and Step 3, homologous chromosomes are paired in the same cell before eventually producing four cells in Step 4. Which process occurs between Step 2 and Step 3 and creates more genetic diversity in the resulting cells?
Chromosome nondisjunction
Genome replication
Crossing over
Chromosomal deletion
