WorksheetsAPUSH Semester Exam Review 3
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 51mins
“[After the mid-nineteenth century,] Whites did not set out, directly at least, to destroy the Indians’ life. They were simply following a script that had no Indians in it, except as exotic relics. Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Comanches, Kiowas, and Plains Apaches were pushed aside by consequences of another dream…The advantages of the invader were incalculable-a population hundreds of times that of the Indians, gigantic reserves of capital, a technology capable of changing its world with a twitch. Despite their adaptive genius, the plains nomads could not possibly sustain themselves against that force.
Plains Indians were left with two dreadful choices. They could try to accommodate, surrendering their vision or they could try to resist the inevitable.” —Elliott West, historian, The Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to Colorado, 1998
The situation described in the excerpt best illustrates which of the following broader historical developments in the late nineteenth century?
The expansion of federal power through Supreme Court decisions protecting Native sovereignty
The impact of industrialization and westward expansion on Indigenous societies
The success of Native American military alliances against the United States
The decline of sectional conflict following the Civil War
“I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed....The old men are all dead....It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of whom have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food; no one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” —Chief Joseph, 1877
Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support Chief Joseph’s perspective expressed in the passage?
The construction of transcontinental railroads
The establishment of boarding schools for Native American children
Accounts of forced marches and military campaigns against Plains and Plateau tribes
Congressional debates over tariffs and trade policy
“I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed....The old men are all dead....It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of whom have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food; no one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” —Chief Joseph, 1877
Which of the following best describes the federal government’s broader response to the situation described in the excerpt during the late nineteenth century?
Increased diplomatic negotiations recognizing tribal autonomy
Support for Native American self-governance through elected tribal councils
Withdrawal of U.S. troops from western territories
Expansion of reservation systems and use of military force to compel compliance
“We are just now making a great pretense of anxiety to civilize the [American] Indians…As we have taken into our national family seven millions of Negroes…it would seem that the time may have arrived when we can very properly make at least the attempt to assimilate our two hundred and fifty thousand Indians…
The school at Carlisle is an attempt on the part of the government to do this…Carlisle fills young Indians with the spirit of loyalty to the stars and stripes, and then moves them out into our communities to show by their conduct and ability that the Indian is no different from the white or the colored, that he has the inalienable right to liberty and opportunity that the white and the negro have.” —Richard H. Pratt, founder, Carlisle Indian Industrial School, “The Advantages of Mingling Indians with Whites,” 1892
Many American Indians in the late nineteenth century responded to assimilation efforts such as those described in the passage by
forming reform movements and organizations to defend tribal rights and cultural traditions
voluntarily abandoning reservations to settle in eastern cities
supporting federal boarding schools as a means of preserving Indigenous languages
demanding immediate citizenship through Supreme Court challenges
“The great corporations, which have been built up through special privileges granted by the government, have grown so powerful that they now control legislation, influence elections, and oppress the producing classes. The farmer and the laborer are taxed to support monopolies that reap enormous profits while contributing nothing to the common welfare. Unless these abuses are corrected, political liberty itself will be endangered.”
—Platform of the People’s (Populist) Party, 1892
Which economic concern expressed in the passage was a central focus of the Populist movement?
The expansion of overseas trade markets
Excessive political and economic power of corporations and monopolies
The lack of skilled industrial labor
The decline of small businesses due to foreign competition
“The great corporations, which have been built up through special privileges granted by the government, have grown so powerful that they now control legislation, influence elections, and oppress the producing classes. The farmer and the laborer are taxed to support monopolies that reap enormous profits while contributing nothing to the common welfare. Unless these abuses are corrected, political liberty itself will be endangered.”
—Platform of the People’s (Populist) Party, 1892
Which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century most directly supports the concerns raised in the passage?
The consolidation of railroads and major industries into trusts
The passage of the Homestead Act
The increase in consumer goods produced by factories
The expansion of public education systems
“The people are demoralized; business is prostrated; our homes are covered with mortgages; labor is impoverished; and the land is concentrating in the hands of capitalists. The money power of the country is attempting to prolong its reign by controlling the government. The people are ready for a change, and the producing classes must unite to reclaim their rights.”
—People’s (Populist) Party Platform, 1892
Which of the following groups would most likely have supported the views expressed in the passage above?
Corporate lawyers representing large trusts
Bankers and financiers in major eastern cities
Small farmers and laborers in the South and Midwest
Owners of railroad and steel corporations
Which of the following economic reforms was advocated by the Populist Party in the 1890s?
Reducing the federal minimum wage to stimulate industrial growth
Eliminating government regulation of railroads and banks
Restricting immigration to protect urban laborers
Free silver and the unlimited coinage of silver to increase the money supply
“The West offers work for the industrious and daring. There are lands to be tilled, mines to be opened, and towns to be built. It is not a region for those who wait for fortune to come to their doors, but for those willing to endure hardship and labor. Families who move with courage and skill may find a new start, independence, and prosperity unknown in the crowded cities of the East.”
—from a western migration guide, 1885
Which of the following groups would have been most likely to act on the advice in the excerpt?
Eastern factory workers and their families seeking farmland and opportunity
.
Industrial magnates investing in railroads and mining companies
Native American tribes defending their ancestral lands
Political reformers advocating for urban labor rights
“The West offers work for the industrious and daring. There are lands to be tilled, mines to be opened, and towns to be built. It is not a region for those who wait for fortune to come to their doors, but for those willing to endure hardship and labor. Families who move with courage and skill may find a new start, independence, and prosperity unknown in the crowded cities of the East.”
—from a western migration guide, 1885
The movement described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?
The end of the Homestead Act and federal land grants
A decline in agricultural production in western territories
Urban population decreases in northeastern industrial centers
Conflicts and displacement of American Indians on the Great Plains
Which objective was most strongly supported by members of the Populist Party during the late 1800s?
Limiting government involvement in the national economy
Providing economic reforms to aid farmers and rural workers
Expanding the power of banks and financial institutions
Promoting industrial growth in major cities
The main issue addressed by William Jennings Bryan in his famous “Cross of Gold” speech was his
support for traditional Christian values in American society.
criticism of public education policies.
resistance to overseas expansion by the United States.
demand for monetary reform favoring silver over gold.
African Americans who migrated from the post-Reconstruction South to the Great Plains in the late 1870s in search of land and opportunity were commonly called
carpetbaggers.
sharecroppers.
Exodusters.
abolitionists
What was the primary purpose of the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862?
To establish military academies across the United States
To provide federal land to states for establishing colleges focused on agriculture and mechanical arts
To fund the construction of railroads in the western territories
To create a national system of public libraries
The primary purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act was to
encourage American Indians to adopt individual land ownership and American customs.
protect American Indian tribes from further land loss.
return ancestral lands to American Indian nations.
relocate all American Indians to federally controlled territories
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School was established primarily to
preserve Native American languages and cultural traditions.
train Native Americans for leadership within tribal governments.
assimilate Native American children into American society through education and discipline.
provide military training for Native American adults.
During the late 19th century, Native American tribes living on the Great Plains were most affected by
the reduction of their land and resources as a result of U.S. expansion.
growing political power within the federal government
economic prosperity from commercial agriculture.
peaceful coexistence with increasing numbers of settlers.
What was one major effect of the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad on the United States?
It slowed economic growth by limiting access to western markets
It reduced the need for railroads in eastern cities
It discouraged migration by increasing travel costs
It made cross-country transportation faster, boosting trade and western settlement
How did the Homestead Act help promote settlement of the western United States?
By distributing free farmland to individuals willing to live on and improve it
By guaranteeing employment in western towns
By covering travel expenses for new settlers
By giving financial subsidies to railroad corporations
What belief most strongly motivated many Americans who supported westward expansion in the 19th century?
The desire to limit national growth to protect existing states
The conviction that the United States was destined to expand across the continent
The goal of forming permanent alliances with European powers
The intention to transfer western lands back to Native American nations
