A 47-year-old man has heaviness in the right subcostal area, weakness, rapid fatigability. Past medical history includes surgeries and frequent dental treatment. Skin and mucous membranes were normal, tongue was moist, abdomen was painful in the right subcostal area, liver according to Kurlov 12x11x9 cm, spleen 7x4 cm. In blood tests: increased activity of ALT, AST, thymol test, hyperglobulinemia, presence of HBsAg in blood serum. What is the leading link in the pathogenesis of this condition?

A 74-year-old man was taken to the hospital with complaints of tar-like stools. He suffers from osteoarthritis and takes 600 mg of ibuprofen three times a day. Palpation causes pain in the epigastric region. Endoscopy revealed superficial ulceration of the gastric mucosa. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of damage to the gastric mucosa?

A 52-year-old man complains of pain in the left half of the epigastric region. The pain occurs 30-60 minutes after eating. Palpation: there is pain in the epigastric region to the left of the median line. Blood pressure - 140 / 80 mmHg, heart rate – 70 per minute, respiratory rate – 16 per minute, Hb - 115 g / l, leukocytes - 8x109 / L. Basal and stimulated secretion of gastric juice, 5 and 10 ml, respectively. The test for urease in gastric juice is positive. X-ray examination revealed a symptom of a 'niche' in the stomach. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?

A 45-year-old man complains of bloating, flatulence and loose stools. These symptoms have appeared for several months and occur 30-60 minutes after breakfast. Every day, a man eats cereal with milk and yogurt for breakfast. Physical examination revealed no pathology. The patient was asked to stop taking dairy products within 1 week. All his symptoms have disappeared. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?

Examination of gastric secretion of a 30-year-old man revealed: Basal secretion: volume -120 ml; Total acidity -80 TE; free HCl -60TE; bound HCl -10TE; Pepsin 30 mg%; Stimulated secretion: volume - 140 ml; total acidity – 100 TE; free HCl – 50TE; bound HCl - 30 TE; Pepsin 50 mg%. Which of the above may be the result of this violation?

A 55-year-old man complains of a feeling of heat, headache, increased sweating, increased heart rate, fatigue, fatigue, which occur 20-30 minutes after eating, especially sweet or dairy. It was revealed from the anamnesis that 2 months ago the patient underwent gastric resection. Most likely, these manifestations are associated with the development of

Examination of patient G., 48 years old, revealed an enlarged abdomen, more pronounced in the lower part. The umbilicus was bulging. Telangiectasia on the chest skin, dilated veins on the abdominal skin, ascites were detected. The liver was 13x12x10 cm in size, dense, its edge was sharp, its surface was shallowly bumpy, painless on palpation. Blood count: Erythrocytes 2.8 x 1012/L, leukocytes - 3.0 x 109/L. History of hepatitis B. What is the most probable mechanism of ascites development in this patient?

Patient N., 56 years old, 5 years ago began to notice skin itching, gradually intensifying. Two years ago she had jaundice, gradually increasing, heaviness in the right subcostal area. History of hepatitis B. Objectively: sharply pronounced jaundice, skin rashes, xanthalasms, vascular 'stars' on the chest, liver protrudes from under the edge of the rib arch by 3 cm, very dense, surface finely bumpy, painless on palpation. The enlarged spleen is palpable. The mechanism of vascular 'stars' (telangiectasias) development in this patient is most likely related to the inability of the liver to inactivate

Patient C., 59 years old, complains of epigastric pains in the epigastric region of an opposing character, arising after consuming fatty and fried food, accompanied by nausea, bloating of the stomach, and sometimes diarrhea. The patient had been sick for 3-4 years. Objectively. Condition satisfactory. The patient was of regular build, with high nutrition. Skin was of the usual color. Temperature was 36.6. The tongue was covered with a whitish plaque. The abdomen was soft, painful in the Dejardin's point, in the Schoffar's zone. The size of the liver according to Kurlov was 10x9x8 cm. The spleen is not palpable. What mechanism is more likely to cause development of this pathology?

Patient J., 70 years old, complains of diarrhea, usually after violation of diet (use of fatty, fried food). She has been sick for 15 years, exacerbations of the disease occur 2-3 times a year. Over the last 5-6 years she had lost 10 kg of weight. Objectively: height - 167 cm, weight - 59 kg. Skin surface was dry and turgor was reduced. Her tongue was covered with whitish-yellow powdery plaque, the abdomen was soft, moderately painful in the epigastric region and at the Meio-Robson point. Laboratory examination of the stool revealed a large amount of neutral fat. Prescription of which method of treatment refers to pathogenetic therapy of this pathology?

A 50-year-old man has been diagnosed with chronic hepatic insufficiency. Which of the following changes characterize the patient's carbohydrate metabolism disorder?

A male patient, age 39 years, had a biochemical blood test: Total protein 70 g/L, albumin 40 g/L, globulin 30 g/L, urea 3.5 mmol/L, creatinine 50 µmol/L, glucose 3.5 mmol/L, total bilirubin 50.0 µmol/L, Conjugated bilirubin 5.0 µmol/L, unconjugated bilirubin 45.0 µmol/L, total cholesterol 4.0 mmol/L, ALT 45 ME/L, AST 35 ME/L. Determine the most likely pathology for which this test might be?

A female patient, 43 years old, had a biochemical blood test: Total protein 55 g/L, albumin 20 g/L, globulin 35 g/L, urea 5.5 mmol/L, creatinine 80 µmol/L, glucose 3.4 mmol/L, total bilirubin 50.0 µmol/L, Conjugated bilirubin 15.0 μmol/l, unconjugated bilirubin 35.0 μmol/l, total cholesterol 3.5 mmol/l, ALT 85 ME/l, AST 48 ME/l. Identify the most likely pathology in which this test might be?

A male patient, age 33 years, had a biochemical blood test: Total protein 70 g/l, albumin 30 g/l, globulin 40 g/l, urea 3.5 mmol/l, creatinine 50 µmol/l, glucose 3.9 mmol/l, total bilirubin 86 µmol/l, Conjugated bilirubin 70 µmol/l, unconjugated bilirubin 16 µmol/l, total cholesterol 5.2 mmol/l, ALT 45 ME/l, AST 35 ME/l, alkaline phosphatase 200 ME/l. Determine the most likely pathology for which this analysis might be?