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8th A. Grade Science – Semester 1 Final review

Total questions: 140

Worksheet time: 1hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent?

a)

Sexual

b)

Fertilization

c)

Asexual

d)

Pollination

2.

Why is genetic variation important for a species?

a)

It prevents reproduction

b)

It helps species survive environmental change

c)

It slows evolution

d)

It stops mutations

3.

In flowering plants, pollen must reach the stigma during which process?

a)

Germination

b)

Fertilization

c)

Pollination

d)

Dispersal

4.

Which structure develops into a seed after fertilization?

a)

Ovary

b)

Ovule

c)

Anther

d)

Stigma

5.

Gymnosperms differ from angiosperms because gymnosperms:

a)

Produce flowers

b)

Produce fruits

c)

Have naked seeds

d)

Use animals for pollination

6.

What happens during germination?

a)

Pollination occurs

b)

A seed embryo begins to grow

c)

Fertilization happens

d)

Seeds are dispersed

7.

Which behavior is learned rather than instinctive?

a)

Bird migration

b)

A baby sucking

c)

A dog trained to sit

d)

Spider spinning a web

8.

Which example shows animal communication?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Pheromone release

c)

Cell division

d)

Mutation

9.

Animals that provide extensive parental care usually:

a)

Produce many offspring

b)

Produce few offspring

c)

Reproduce asexually

d)

Do not reproduce

10.

Which factor most directly affects growth in animals?

a)

Temperature only

b)

Genetics only

c)

Nutrition only

d)

Genetics, nutrition, and environment

11.

What role does auxin play in plants?

a)

Helps with photosynthesis

b)

Controls growth responses

c)

Produces pollen

d)

Forms seeds

12.

A plant growing downward due to gravity is showing:

a)

Photoperiodism

b)

Dormancy

c)

Tropism

d)

Metamorphosis

13.

Photoperiodism allows plants to respond to:

a)

Soil type

b)

Daylight length

c)

Gravity

d)

Temperature only

14.

Which organism typically undergoes metamorphosis?

a)

Insects (e.g., butterfly)

b)

Frog

c)

Fish

d)

Mammals

15.

Dormancy helps organisms survive:

a)

Ideal conditions

b)

Harsh environmental conditions

c)

Fertilization

d)

Mutation

16.

Growth differs among species mainly because of:

a)

Hormones and genetics

b)

Weather alone

c)

Competition alone

d)

Mutation only

17.

Heredity refers to:

a)

Learning new behaviors

b)

Passing traits from parents to offspring

c)

Mutations in body cells

d)

Environmental changes

18.

Which allele combination represents a homozygous recessive genotype?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

AB

19.

A Punnett square is used to:

a)

Identify chromosomes

b)

Predict inheritance probability

c)

Show mutations

d)

Measure DNA length

20.

Which term describes an organism's genetic makeup?

a)

Phenotype

b)

Trait

c)

Genotype

d)

Allele

21.

Which trait would most likely be influenced by environment?

a)

Blood type

b)

Height

c)

Eye color

d)

Attached earlobe

22.

Humans inherit one allele for each gene from:

a)

One parent

b)

Two parents

c)

Mutations

d)

Environment

23.

Which cell division produces two identical daughter cells?

a)

Meiosis

b)

Fertilization

c)

Replication

d)

Mitosis

24.

Which cell division produces genetic variation?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Binary fission

c)

Meiosis

d)

Growth

25.

How many chromosomes are found in a human sex cell?

a)

46

b)

44

c)

23

d)

92

26.

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

a)

Repair tissue

b)

Create body cells

c)

Produce gametes

d)

Copy DNA

27.

Which mutation may be inherited by offspring?

a)

Skin cell mutation

b)

Muscle cell mutation

c)

Egg cell mutation

d)

Brain cell mutation

28.

A karyotype is useful for detecting:

a)

Learned behaviors

b)

Chromosome abnormalities

29.

What occurs during nondisjunction?

a)

DNA replicates twice

b)

Chromosomes do not separate properly

c)

Proteins misfold

d)

Genes disappear

30.

Which molecule contains genetic instructions?

a)

Protein

b)

Hormone

c)

DNA

d)

Lipid

31.

During protein synthesis, mRNA carries instructions from:

a)

Ribosome to nucleus

b)

DNA to ribosome

c)

Ribosome to cytoplasm

d)

Protein to DNA

32.

Codons are found on:

a)

DNA only

b)

Proteins

c)

mRNA

d)

Chromosomes

33.

Which statement about mutations is correct?

a)

All mutations are harmful

b)

Mutations always change appearance

c)

Mutations create variation

d)

Mutations prevent evolution

34.

A sex-linked trait is located on:

a)

Any chromosome

b)

Autosomes

c)

Sex chromosomes

d)

Ribosomes

35.

Which trait is most likely sex-linked?

a)

Freckles

b)

Color blindness

c)

Height

36.

Probability helps scientists:

a)

Predict exact outcomes

b)

Eliminate variation

c)

Estimate genetic outcomes

d)

Stop mutation

37.

Artificial selection differs from natural selection because it is controlled by:

a)

Environment

b)

Mutations

c)

Humans

d)

Chance

38.

Which is an example of artificial selection?

a)

Finches evolving beaks

b)

Bacteria becoming resistant

c)

Breeding dogs for size

d)

Climate-driven extinction

39.

Genetic engineering involves:

a)

Breeding organisms

b)

Changing DNA directly

c)

Natural selection

d)

Fossil analysis

40.

Gene therapy attempts to:

a)

Clone organisms

b)

Replace faulty genes

c)

Increase variation

d)

Cause mutations

41.

A clone will have:

a)

Similar genes

b)

Half the genes

c)

Identical genes

d)

Random genes

42.

What is one possible risk of genetic technology?

a)

Increased diversity

b)

Ethical concerns

c)

Faster reproduction

d)

Fewer mutations

43.

CRISPR is best described as:

a)

A fossil tool

b)

A protein

c)

A gene-editing technology

d)

A chromosome

44.

The genome of an organism includes:

a)

One gene

b)

All DNA

c)

Only chromosomes

d)

Only proteins

45.

Which field studies the ethical use of genetic technology?

a)

Ecology

b)

Bioethics

c)

Geology

d)

Chemistry

46.

Evolution explains how:

a)

Individual organisms change during life

b)

Species change over generations

c)

Mutations stop occurring

d)

Extinction is prevented

47.

Which scientist proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?

a)

Mendel

b)

Lamarck

c)

Darwin

d)

Linnaeus

48.

Darwin’s observations supported the idea that:

a)

Traits are fixed

b)

Organisms adapt to environments

c)

Mutations are always harmful

d)

Evolution occurs instantly

49.

Which condition is required for natural selection?

a)

No variation

b)

Overproduction of offspring

c)

No competition

d)

Artificial breeding

50.

Fitness refers to an organism’s ability to:

a)

Grow large

b)

Move fast

c)

Survive and reproduce

d)

Avoid mutation

51.

Overproduction leads to:

a)

No competition

b)

Limited resources

c)

Extinction of all species

d)

Increased cloning

52.

Which situation best demonstrates natural selection?

a)

Students learning new skills

b)

Bacteria surviving antibiotics

c)

Humans breeding pets

d)

A plant growing taller in shade

53.

Variation within a species is caused mainly by:

a)

Competition

b)

Mutation

c)

Extinction

d)

Classification

54.

Gene flow increases variation when:

a)

Individuals migrate

b)

Fossils form

c)

Species go extinct

d)

Mutations stop

55.

Genetic drift occurs due to:

a)

Environmental pressure

b)

Random chance

c)

Artificial selection

d)

Competition

56.

Sexual selection favors traits that:

a)

Improve survival only

b)

Increase mating success

c)

Reduce variation

d)

Stop mutation

57.

Co-evolution occurs between:

a)

predators and prey

b)

plants and soil

c)

mountains and rivers

d)

stars and planets

58.

The fossil record shows that:

a)

Life never changes

b)

Species appeared suddenly

c)

Species have changed over time

d)

Fossils are unreliable

59.

Which fossil shows animal activity?

a)

Bone

b)

Tooth

c)

Footprint

d)

Shell

60.

Microevolution involves:

a)

Major changes over millions of years

b)

Small changes in populations

c)

Formation of Earth

d)

Mass extinction

61.

Macroevolution refers to:

a)

Daily behavior changes

b)

Formation of new species

c)

Short-term variation

d)

Fossilization

62.

Homologous structures provide evidence for:

a)

Same habitat

b)

Same function

c)

Common ancestry

d)

Artificial selection

63.

63. Similar embryos among species suggest:

a)

No relationship

b)

Common ancestry

c)

Fossilization

d)

Genetic drift

64.

Which human activity increases extinction risk?

a)

Conservation

b)

Pollution

c)

Migration

d)

Classification

65.

DNA evidence supports evolution because:

a)

DNA differs completely among species

b)

All organisms use DNA

c)

DNA prevents mutation

d)

DNA causes extinction

66.

LUCA represents:

a)

First fossil

b)

Common ancestor of all life

c)

First mutation

d)

First species

67.

Protein comparisons help scientists determine:

a)

Age of fossils

b)

Species relatedness

c)

Mutation rates

d)

Habitat

68.

Endosymbiosis explains the origin of:

a)

Nuclei

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

d)

Chromosomes

69.

Which evidence supports endosymbiotic theory?

a)

Organelles lack DNA

b)

Organelles have their own DNA

c)

Organelles form randomly

d)

Organelles are fossils

70.

Mutations are essential for evolution because they:

a)

Eliminate variation

b)

Create variation

71.

Mutations that reduce fitness usually:

a)

Increase over time

b)

Spread rapidly

c)

Disappear from populations

d)

Become dominant

72.

Environmental change can lead to:

a)

No effect on species

b)

Natural selection acting on new traits

c)

End of evolution

d)

Removal of DNA

73.

Which example shows co-evolution?

a)

A. Birds migrating

b)

B. Predator and prey adapting to each other

c)

C. Plants growing taller

d)

D. Fossil formation

74.

Which term describes random loss of alleles?

a)

Gene flow

b)

Mutation

c)

Genetic drift

d)

Natural selection

75.

Female choice is a form of:

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Sexual selection

d)

Gene flow

76.

Which factor does NOT directly cause evolution?

a)

Mutation

b)

Variation

c)

Natural selection

d)

Learning

77.

Which statement best summarizes evolution?

a)

Individuals evolve during life

b)

Populations change over generations

c)

Evolution stops with extinction

78.

Is the following statement True or False? Evolution only occurs in animals.

a)

True

b)

False

79.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
80.
Most single-celled organisms...
a)
reproduce asexually
b)
reproduce sexually
c)
have complex tissues
d)
can be seen without a microscope
81.

When a daphnia (water flea) gives birth to offspring, which characteristic of life is being shown?

a)

ability to reproduce

b)

adapt to environment

c)

cells need energy

d)

organization

82.

Which of the following diagrams illustrate sexual reproduction?

a)

I and II

b)

I and III

c)

II and III

d)

III and IV

83.

This picture shows a mom penguin, dad penguin, and baby penguin. What type of reproduction is this?

a)

sexual

b)

asexual

c)

neither

d)

budding

84.

Which type of reproduction is pictured?

a)

heterotrophs

b)

multicellular cell

c)

eukaryotic cell

d)

asexual reproduction

85.

Requires two parents

a)

sexual

b)

asexual

86.
The offsprings are genetically identical to parents.
Which type(s) of cell reproduction is being described?
a)
asexual
b)
sexual
c)
both sexual and asexual
87.

What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?

a)

survival of the fittest

b)

overproduction

c)

genetic variation

d)

cloning

88.

California blackworms, also known as mudworms, are able to break apart. Each body section that broke apart is able to become an identical new worm. What type of reproduction does this example represent?

a)

Sexual reproduction

b)

Asexual reproduction

89.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
90.
The common earthworm has both male and female reproductive parts. To reproduce, two worms come together to exchange sperm. Each worm deposits its own eggs and the donated sperm into a gooey cocoon that it leaves in the soil. Baby worms emerge a few weeks later.  What type of reproduction is this?
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual
91.

The diagrams represent the way that three different organisms reproduce.

Which of these classifies the reproductive method of all the organisms shown?

a)

Segmentation

b)

Budding

c)

Asexual Reproduction

d)

Sexual Reproduction

92.

Penguins lay 1-2 fertilized eggs that the male and female take turns incubating on their feet. What type of reproduction does this example represent?

a)

Sexual reproduction

b)

Asexual reproduction

93.

Why is genetic variation important for natural selection?

a)

It ensures that all individuals in a population are identical

b)

It decreases the survival rate of a species

c)

It provides a range of traits that selection can act upon

d)

It has no role in natural selection

94.

What is the significance of the peppered moth example in the study of natural selection?

a)

It shows that moths prefer peppered trees

b)

It demonstrates how a species can change color at will

c)

It illustrates how environmental changes can lead to changes in species through natural selection

d)

It proves that all moths will eventually become peppered

95.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

a)

Natural selection

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Artificial selection

d)

Cloning

96.

What is genetic variation?

a)

The uniformity of genes among individuals of the same species

b)

The differences in DNA among individuals

c)

The inability of organisms to change over time

d)

The process by which new species are created

97.

What role does mutation play in evolution?

a)

It decreases genetic variation

b)

It is the only source of new alleles

c)

It prevents adaptation

d)

It ensures that all individuals are identical

98.

All people share the exact same DNA.

a)

True

b)

False

99.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
100.

CROSSING OVER INCREASES

a)

LIFE SPAN

b)

GENETIC VARIATION

c)

THE NUMBER OF OFF-SPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

101.
If two organisms reproduce sexually, then their offspring will exhibit a genetic makeup that is -
a)
identical to only one parent
b)
identical to all of its siblings
c)
a unique combination of traits
d)
the recessive traits of each parent
102.

If Easter eggs were living species of organisms, their different colors would be considered:

a)

Adaptations

b)

Variations

c)

Different species

d)

Extinct species

103.

On a plant, the flowers:

a)

Do not help with anything.

b)

Help the plant look nice.

c)

Help the plant reproduce.

104.

Which letter is pointing to the plant structure that produces pollen?

a)

D

b)

A

c)

G

d)

E

105.

Which letters are pointing to the plant structures that are responsible for egg production and embryo development?

(You must get all 3 correct for full credit!)

a)

D

b)

C

c)

G

d)

E

106.

Identify the male component of a plant.

a)

carpel

b)


pistil

c)


sepal

d)


stamen

107.

What occurs during the process of plant fertilization?

a)
Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma, leading to seed formation.
b)
The stem stores water for the plant.
c)
The leaves release oxygen into the atmosphere.
d)
The roots absorb sunlight to produce energy for the plant.
e)
Pollen is transferred from the stigma to the anther, leading to seed formation.
108.

choose the correct descriptions

a)

the pollen cones are the male cones

b)

the pollen cones are the female cones

c)

the seed cones are the male cones

d)

the seed cones are the female cones

e)

both kinds of cones are female

109.

Seedless plants reproduce by

a)

spores

b)

seeds

c)

binary fission

d)

mitosis

110.

What structure in the picture produces the pollen?

a)

B

b)

F

c)

I

d)

H

111.

Identify the part of the plant that is female

a)

sepal

b)


style

c)

pistil

d)


anther

112.

Why do fish swim in schools?

a)

for fun

b)

to conserve energy

c)

to learn

d)

for protection

113.

What Animal Can You Never Trust With Your Homework?

a)

Cheetahs

b)

Lions

c)

Leopards

d)

Jaguars

114.
A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species.
a)
submission
b)
hibernation
c)
pheromone
d)
courtship
115.
Which of the following is a behavior that is learned?
a)
shape of a beak
b)
monkey riding a bicycle
c)
horse eating hat
d)
snake eating mice
116.
A bark, snort, growl, and hoot are all examples of what type of communication 
a)
non-verbal communication
b)
verbal communication
c)
short distance communication
d)
aggressive communication 
117.
What is the definition of behavior
a)
animal's response to a stimulus
b)
animal's type of communication
c)
animal's care of offspring
d)
animal's main characterisitics
118.

A wolf cub came too close to a skunk, and was sprayed by its foul smelling chemical spray. Now, the wolf cub stays away from skunks. What type of behavior is this?

a)

innate behavior

b)

imprinting

c)

learned behavior

d)

migration

119.
Michael went to the circus and saw a seal balance a beach ball on its nose.  This is an example of a...
a)
instinct
b)
mimicry
c)
camouflage
d)
learned behavior
120.

what animal is bad to play cards with

a)

turtle

b)

cheetah

c)

snail

d)

all of them

121.
The way an animal responds to its environment
a)
Behavior
b)
Adaptation
c)
Migration
d)
Communication
122.
The behavior of some animals to attract other animals (think dating)
a)
courtship
b)
dating
c)
showing off
d)
hibernation
123.

What is the molecule called that carries genetic information?

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

DNA

d)

Lipid

124.

In genetics, what does the term "homozygous" refer to?

a)

Having two different alleles for a trait

b)

Having two identical alleles for a trait

c)

The study of genes and their roles in inheritance

d)

A type of genetic cross

125.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans typically have?

a)

23

b)

46

c)

12

d)

92

126.

A person has ____________ pairs of chromosomes.

a)

46

b)

23

c)

26

d)

48

127.

In a pedigree chart, men are represented by

a)

Circles

b)

Diamonds

c)

Squares

128.

In a pedigree, individuals that are carriers are represented as shapes that are

a)

Not shaded

b)

Fully shaded

c)

Half shaded

129.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
130.

What is the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

a)

It helps in the reproduction of organisms.

b)

It is responsible for genetic diversity.

c)

It aids in growth and repair of tissues.

d)

It produces gametes for reproduction.

131.
If base-pairing rules state that Adenine always pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine, what would be the complementary strand to ACGGT?
a)
ACGGT
b)
TGGCA
c)
TGCCA
d)
ACCGT
132.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
133.
the base that pairs with Thymine in DNA
a)
adenine
b)
guanine
c)
helicase
d)
nucleotide
134.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
135.

Who is the father of genetics?

a)

George Washington

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

John Deere

d)

Louis Pasteur

136.

True or False: All plants have flower.

a)
True
b)
False
137.

Which statement is false?

a)

all plants produce fruits

b)

plants need air, light, soil, and water to survive

c)

many common objects we use are made from plants

d)

flowers are only found on plants

138.

Plants need soil to survive.

a)

True

b)

False

139.
Name this plant part.
a)
flower
b)
fruit
c)
root
d)
stem
140.
Name the green plant parts in the photo.
a)
stems
b)
flowers
c)
leaves
d)
roots

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