WorksheetsPage 1
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Directions: Use complete sentences and full explanations for each of the following. What were divisive political, economic, and social issues during the Jackson Era? Give an explanation for each. Which issue below exemplified political sectionalism during the Jackson Era?
States’ rights and nullification in South Carolina
Growth of a middle class in the North
Temperance movement promoting sobriety
Removal of the national bank leading to the Panic of 1837
Directions: Use complete sentences and full explanations for each of the following. What were divisive political, economic, and social issues during the Jackson Era? Give an explanation for each. Which statement best describes sectionalism as presented in the prompt?
Prioritizing regional benefits over national interests
Seeking equal compromise among all regions
Favoring national policies above local concerns
Ignoring differences among regions entirely
Directions: Use complete sentences and full explanations for each of the following. What were divisive political, economic, and social issues during the Jackson Era? Give an explanation for each. Which economic action is identified as causing the Panic of 1837?
Removal of the national bank
Expansion of women’s voting rights
Relocation of Native American nations
Adoption of temperance laws
Directions: Use complete sentences and full explanations for each of the following. What were divisive political, economic, and social issues during the Jackson Era? Give an explanation for each. According to the prompt, how did wealth and class differ between regions?
The South grew extremely wealthy through slavery, while the North had a middle-class structure
The North was wealthier due to slavery, while the South had a strong middle class
Both regions had equal wealth and similar middle-class structures
The South and North were both impoverished with no clear class differences
Directions: Use complete sentences and full explanations for each of the following. What were divisive political, economic, and social issues during the Jackson Era? Give an explanation for each. Which items below are social issues noted in the prompt? Select all that apply.
Women lacked the right to vote and sought recognition
Jackson’s administration relocated Native Americans without consent
Slaves began revolting against their masters
The temperance movement advocated a more sober society
Tariff of abominations and states’ rights debates
According to the notes, Manifest Destiny is described as the belief that Americans were supposed to head west through God's ideas and that this movement was tied to a market revolution.
A religiously inspired push to expand west, connected to economic change
A plan to limit settlement to the Atlantic coast
A policy to remain isolated from territorial growth
A movement to relocate to Europe for trade
The notes define American exceptionalism as the idea that America is a standout, better than the rest.
A belief that the United States is uniquely superior
A policy to avoid international competition
A view that all nations are identical
A claim that the U.S. should reject innovation
The notes state that when Americans elect James K. Polk, he decides that this is when he needs to expand because Americans want to move westward.
Polk prioritizes territorial expansion to the west
Polk focuses solely on banking regulation
Polk reduces migration to western territories
Polk halts all federal land policies
According to the notes, the 1850s have compromises that resolve conflicts on and off until 1860, which is when the Civil War begins.
Compromises in the 1850s temporarily ease tensions before the Civil War
Compromises in the 1850s permanently end sectional tensions
The Civil War starts in the 1850s due to immediate breakdown of compromises
No compromises occur in the 1850s
The notes outline market expansion: canals in the 1830s; experimenting with railroads in the 1840s; finalizing railroads in the 1850s; strong networks of railroads in the 1860s; and the transcontinental railroad in 1869.
1830s canals, 1840s experimenting with railroads, 1850s finalizing railroads, 1860s strong networks, 1869 transcontinental
1830s transcontinental railroads, 1840s canals, 1850s steamships, 1860s experimenting with railroads
1830s canals, 1840s strong railroad networks, 1850s transcontinental line, 1860s experimenting
1830s canals, 1840s steamship expansion, 1850s roadbuilding only, 1860s railroads banned
The notes emphasize that movement west displaces Native peoples, leads to conflict with the U.S. government, and results in relocating Natives to reservations as a policy response.
Westward movement pushes Natives onto reservations after conflicts
Westward movement guarantees equal land ownership for Natives
Westward movement ends all conflicts with Natives
Westward movement has no impact on Native communities
The notes state that by 1880, the destruction of buffalo leaves fewer than a couple hundred, with mass killing bringing them close to extinction.
Buffalo numbers collapse to near extinction by 1880
Buffalo populations increase due to conservation by 1880
Buffalo remain abundant across the plains by 1880
Buffalo are protected nationwide starting in 1860
According to the notes, Texans outnumber Tejanos and seek independence from Mexico, while the United States aims to remain balanced between slave and non-slave states—adding Texas as a slave state and Oregon as a non-slave state.
Texas enters as a slave state and Oregon as a free (non-slave) state to maintain balance
Both Texas and Oregon enter as slave states to increase southern power
Both Texas and Oregon enter as free states to increase northern power
Texas remains part of Mexico while Oregon becomes a slave state
The notes identify regional specialization as west grain, south cash crops, and north fur and textiles.
West focuses on grain; South on cash crops; North on fur and textiles
West focuses on textiles; South on fur; North on grain
West focuses on cash crops; South on grain; North on shipbuilding
All regions produce identical goods with no specialization
According to the notes on capitalism, which statement best describes ownership in America’s free market system?
Factors of production are privately owned by citizens, not the government
The government owns the market and all factors of production
Church and community groups jointly own all businesses
Land and animals are collectively owned while businesses are state-run
Which items listed in the notes are technologies or products that helped revolutionize the American economy? Select all that apply.
Sewing machines
Steamboats
Steam engine
Rubber used on shoes
According to the notes, who is credited with inventing the telegraph?
Samuel B. Morris
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Eli Whitney
What did the notes say was required to be able to use the telegraph?
Training in coding and decoding the sounds
No training; anyone could use it immediately
Knowledge of electricity generation
Ability to read printed letters on a screen
Where does the document state telegraph lines were located?
Along railroads
Along canals
Across mountain ridges
Inside city hall basements
According to the notes, reducing the cost of railroad transportation has what effect on the price of goods?
It makes the price go down on goods
It makes the price go up on goods
It has no effect on prices
It causes prices to fluctuate wildly
Which pair of crops is identified as cash crops that make markets thrive?
Cotton and tobacco
Wheat and corn
Rice and sugar
Cotton and wheat
According to the notes about John Deere’s invention, which change allowed horses to use plows rather than only oxen?
The introduction of the steel plow
Switching back to heavy iron plows
Using wooden plows
Adopting steam-powered plows
What market effect do the notes attribute to railroads?
Goods can be shipped into distant markets, which leads to profits
Goods must be sold only within local towns
Railroads slow the delivery of goods to market
Railroads reduce the variety of goods available
What do the notes say the steel plates (blades) on the mechanical reaper do?
Cut down large quantities of grain
Sow seeds evenly across a field
Water crops during dry seasons
Thresh wheat inside the machine
Overall, how did these agricultural technologies affect labor, according to the notes?
They led to needing fewer slaves and laborers
They required many more slaves and laborers
They had no effect on labor needs
They replaced farm labor with skilled artisans
Which impacts on Native peoples are listed in the notes under Manifest Destiny? Select all that apply.
Conflict and displacement
Buffalo reduced tremendously
Natives’ resources depleted
Relations with the US became more peaceful
According to the notes, which statements describe the Santa Fe Trail? Select all that apply.
It starts in Missouri
It takes migrants through hostile Native territory
Migrants will go through Texas and stop or travel to Mexico
It ends in Canada
From the Khan Academy video about Manifest Destiny, why were people in the search for gold? Choose the best explanation based on the video’s main idea.
San Francisco was seen as the best place to find gold during the California Gold Rush, and the broader push west under Manifest Destiny drew people there.
The U.S. government abolished slavery in Mexico, opening mines for American settlers.
Missionaries in Oregon needed gold to fund efforts to convert Native peoples.
Joseph Smith directed settlers to mine near the Great Salt Lake.
According to the video, what belief justified United States expansion to the Pacific West?
Manifest Destiny, the idea that U.S. expansion was ordained by God.
Isolationism to avoid conflict with Britain.
Mercantilism focused on selling to Asian markets through Oregon merchants.
Neutrality laws enforced by Mexico.
Which event helped fund or accelerate the expansionist idea described in the video?
The California Gold Rush.
Mexico’s abolition of slavery.
The establishment of the 54∘40′ boundary with Britain.
Missionary work among Native peoples.
Why were immigrants heading to the west? Choose the best explanation based on economic opportunities and changing conditions.
Economic opportunities including farming and mining, jobs from transcontinental railroad expansion, and faster travel that made western settlement feasible
To escape coastal weather patterns that made Atlantic ports unsafe for ships
A nationwide religious revival that sent congregations on pilgrimages to western territories
Government relocation programs that required all recent immigrants to move west
Which factors contributed to the expansion of the idea of American superiority in the West? Select all that apply.
A belief that white Americans were better than Mexicans, immigrants, and Native peoples, tied to manifest destiny
Increasing racial conflict and violence, including military actions against Native communities
Exclusionary efforts by white miners and policies such as the Chinese Exclusion Act blaming Chinese laborers for unemployment and wage decline
Universal voting rights and equal labor protections that reduced ethnic tensions
Bellringer directions state what you should do with the primary source document.
Summarize the document in one paragraph
Highlight main ideas and apply the HAPP
Create a timeline of events from the document
Compare the document to a modern law
According to the background provided, why did Henry David Thoreau refuse to pay the tax collector, leading to his night in jail?
He believed the tax rate was too high for local services
He opposed the Mexican-American War and slavery
He wanted to protest rising food prices
He misunderstood the tax notice and missed the deadline
What happened after Thoreau’s refusal to pay the tax, as described in the document?
He was imprisoned for several months
He was fined but not jailed
He spent a night in jail and was freed when his aunt paid his taxes
He left the state to avoid prosecution
Which lecture did Thoreau deliver in January and February 1848 that he later revised into the essay "Civil Disobedience"?
On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
The Rights and Duties of the Individual in relation to Government
Liberty and Equality in the Republic
Taxation and Representation
In the excerpt beginning "...Must the citizen ever for a moment...," what core idea does Thoreau assert when he writes "we should be men first, and subjects afterward"?
Citizens should obey all laws without question
Personal conscience and moral right should take precedence over blind obedience to law
Economic interests should guide political decisions
Only corporations can have a conscience
Debate Prep Graphic Organizer: Was Manifest Destiny essentially positive or negative?
Positive
Negative
Debate Prep Graphic Organizer: Select the reasons stated for a negative view of Manifest Destiny.
Native populations are declining
Racism and race tensions increased
Frederick Douglass was against it, saying it was highly hypocritical
Native people were forced off their lands
Debate Prep Graphic Organizer: Select the reasons stated for a positive view of Manifest Destiny.
It brought white people together further
Made America bigger
Gave more opportunities in the West
Further improved exceptionalism
Lecture Guide: Why did many of the nation’s immigrants oppose the expansion of slavery?
They feared slave labor would undercut wages and limit opportunities for free workers
They believed slavery would slow the nation’s territorial expansion
They supported slavery for economic growth and wanted it expanded
They opposed slavery primarily to reduce taxes
What was the Wilmot Proviso, and what fate did it meet in Congress?
A proposal to ban slavery in the new territories; it passed the House but failed in the Senate
A plan to expand slavery nationwide; it passed both the House and Senate
A tariff on imported goods; it failed in both the House and Senate
A compromise to allow slavery in all territories; it passed the Senate but failed in the House
By 1848–1850, the Gold Rush made California rapidly populated and seeking statehood. Why did California’s request for statehood cause alarm among Southerners?
It threatened to upset the balance between free and slave states by entering as a free state
It meant California would ban all mining, hurting national revenues
It signaled potential foreign control over Pacific trade routes
It required the federal government to impose new taxes on Southern plantations
How did the Compromise of 1850 seek to satisfy both the North and South? Select all that apply.
It allowed popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession so residents could vote on slavery
It strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act to aid slaveholders in recovering escapees
It admitted California as a free state, shifting balance toward free states
It extended the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, banning slavery everywhere south of it
What role did Stephen A. Douglas play in the Compromise of 1850?
He organized the measures so they could pass separately, helping all five parts become law
He vetoed the compromise and forced Congress to rewrite it
He led abolitionists in opposing every part of the compromise
He negotiated California’s admission as a slave state
What was popular sovereignty?
A process that gives local populations the opportunity to decide what happens, such as voting on slavery in their territory
A policy that lets Congress make all decisions about slavery without input from territories
A law that permanently bans slavery in all newly acquired lands
A rule that only state legislatures can decide on national policies
After the legislation, people may be motivated to move to the new areas to use popular sovereignty for slaves. What primary reason does the worksheet give for this migration?
To use popular sovereignty to decide slavery in new territories
To gain access to federal land grants for railroads
To avoid taxation by territorial governments
To establish new trade routes with Mexico
According to the worksheet, which group moved into Kansas first during the conflict over slavery?
Abolitionists communities encouraged by Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Federal soldiers sent to enforce territorial laws
Pro-slave “order ruffians” fractions
Nativists opposed to immigration
The notes state that two groups emerge in Kansas: in lecompta kansas pro-slavery communities and pro-slavery government emerges, in tipika kansas the abolitionists town and the capital of kansas. What split is described here?
Pro-slavery government in lecompta and abolitionist capital in tipika
Abolitionist government in lecompta and pro-slavery capital in tipika
Federal rule in both lecompta and tipika
Military occupation in lecompta and tipika
The worksheet labels the FIRST MAJOR INCIDENT (SACK OF LAWRENCE) as pro-slave violence. Which description matches this incident?
Pro slavery men riot through the abolitionists town of Lawrence, killing random people and burning buildings
Abolitionists peacefully petition the territorial legislature in Lawrence
Federal troops evacuate Lawrence without conflict
A pro-slavery legislature passes a tax increase in Lawrence
John Brown is described as an important abolitionist linked to the PATOWATAMI MASSACRE. Which action is attributed to Brown in the notes?
He and his sons sneak in at night, kidnap men, and kill five slave owners with swords
He organizes a peaceful march to the territorial capitol
He negotiates a truce between ruffians and abolitionists
He flees Kansas to avoid prosecution without violence
The worksheet states THESE TWO EVENTS REALLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE CIVIL WAR. Which pair of events is being referenced?
Sack of Lawrence and PatoWatami Massacre
Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave Act
Missouri Compromise and Gadsden Purchase
Kansas statehood and the Homestead Act
After bleeding kanses, the notes describe a fight that breaks out in congress involving Senator Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks. What outcome is recorded?
Brooks beats Sumner with a cane, and Sumner must recover for years
Sumner challenges Brooks to a formal debate on the Senate floor
Brooks is expelled immediately and imprisoned
Sumner resigns to run for president
Which party does the worksheet identify as the first party to take a clear stanton slavery?
Republican Party
Whig Party
Democratic Party
Know-Nothing Party
The notes say the first major republican candidate is in 1854, hoping slavery to not expand. What position is emphasized for this early Republican stance?
No expansion of slavery
Immediate nationwide abolition of slavery
Popular sovereignty in all territories
Federal protection of slavery in all states
The worksheet states KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT ENDS THE WHIG PARTY. What effect does it report this act had on the Whig Party?
It ends the Whig Party
It strengthens Whig congressional majorities
It merges the Whigs with Democrats
It creates a regional Whig resurgence
Nativism is defined in the notes as preferred native born americans. What does this definition indicate?
Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants
Promoting equal rights for all immigrants
Advocating territorial expansion into Canada
Supporting federal subsidies for immigration
According to the Dred Scott decision summary, what did the ruling say about Congress’s authority over slavery and the Missouri Compromise?
Congress cannot ban slavery anywhere and the Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional
Congress may ban slavery in territories but not states
Congress must enforce gradual emancipation nationwide
The Missouri Compromise remains constitutional and binding
In the Lincoln–Douglass Debates notes, which position is attributed to Lincoln as a senator?
No expansion on slavery
Support for expansion of slavery into new territories
Complete federal protection of slavery everywhere
Silence on the slavery question
Lincoln contrasts two approaches to slavery in his question to Stephen Douglas. Select all approaches he names.
Popular sovereignty allowing the people to choose to ban slavery
The Dred Scott decision of not banning slavery anywhere
Immediate nationwide abolition by Congress
Presidential decree to expand slavery
According to the notes, what does Stephen Douglas say about choosing slavery?
It is the right of the people to choose to pick or not pick slavery
Only the Supreme Court can decide the status of slavery
Slavery must be abolished immediately by federal law
Slaveholders alone should determine slavery’s expansion
What is the stated reaction of many Southerners to Stephen Douglas after the Lincoln–Douglas exchange?
They lose respect for him and no longer support him
They rally behind him more strongly than before
They ignore the debate as unimportant
They shift to supporting Lincoln
Who wins the next election mentioned after the 1858 debates?
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
John C. Breckinridge
John Brown
In 1859, where do John Brown and his sons break into during their attempt to spark a slave uprising?
Harpers Ferry (the arsenal)
Fort Sumter
The U.S. Capitol
An army camp in Texas
During the Harpers Ferry episode, what ultimately happens to John Brown’s sons according to the notes?
All five are killed
They escape to Canada
They are imprisoned for life
They are pardoned by the governor
What do Southerners say about John Brown’s actions, according to the notes?
It is treason and he should be hanged
It is lawful self-defense
It is a peaceful protest
It should be ignored by authorities
Which statement best captures Northern sentiment toward John Brown in the notes?
They support him, think he is very brave, and are outraged at his hanging
They are indifferent and consider him insignificant
They condemn him as a coward
They fear him and demand stricter laws
Which Democrat is identified as the Northern candidate in the election of 1860?
Stephen Douglas
John C. Breckinridge
Abraham Lincoln
Millard Fillmore
Which candidate do Southerners run in the election of 1860, according to the notes?
John C. Breckinridge
Stephen Douglas
Abraham Lincoln
William H. Seward
In the election of 1860, which outcome is highlighted in the notes regarding the Republican victory?
Lincoln wins without carrying a single southern state
Lincoln wins by sweeping all southern states
Republicans lose because Democrats run two candidates
No candidate wins a majority of electoral votes
Based on the graphic organizer table of party platforms, what did the Free–Soil Party oppose, and why was this its primary goal?
The expansion of slavery into western territories gained from Mexico during late Manifest Destiny
The abolition of all immigration from Ireland and Germany due to loyalty to the Pope
Protecting slavery where it already existed to defend the institution
Avoiding a stance on slavery to keep the party broad
According to the graphic organizer, what did the Know–Nothing Party oppose, and what was their stated reason?
Immigration, especially of Catholics from Ireland and Germany, fearing they would be more loyal to the Pope than to the United States
The expansion of slavery into newly acquired western territories
The protection of slavery where it already existed
The superiority of the "free labor" system over slave labor
What did supporters of the Republican Party have in common, as described in the graphic organizer?
Opposition to the expansion of slavery and belief in the superiority of the free labor system, with concern about the growing "Slave Power"
Support for extending slavery into new territories to strengthen southern influence
Advocacy for a 21‑year residency requirement for citizenship to limit immigrant voting
A focus on protecting slavery where it already existed while joining the Democratic Party
According to the organizer, what made the Republican Party strong?
Steadfast core principles and not budging from their beliefs
Alignment with the Know–Nothing Party’s nativist policies
Refusal to take a stance on slavery to attract moderates
Support from Southern Whigs who prioritized protecting slavery
What did the election indicate about the Democrats, according to the graphic organizer?
They were increasingly unable to manage the issue of slavery
They successfully unified northern and southern Whigs
They led the movement to restrict Catholic immigration
They strengthened the "Slave Power" through new territorial gains
What did the election indicate about the Republicans?
A powerful, single-issue, strictly Northern party that quickly became the primary opposition to the Democrats
A weak, multi-regional party that cooperated closely with the Democrats
A Southern-based party primarily focused on expanding slavery
A non-partisan movement with minimal electoral impact
In the 1856 election year, the first time Republicans ran a candidate, which party won the presidency, and what happened to its support in the northern states?
Democrats won but lost an immense amount of supporters in the northern states
Republicans won and gained overwhelming support in the northern states
Democrats won and strengthened their support in the northern states
Republicans won but lost support in both the northern and southern states
Approximately what share of the electoral votes did Republicans earn in 1856, correlating with the idea of not expanding slavery?
30%
10%
50%
75%
It was said that if Republicans win, what would Democrats do regarding the Union?
Secede and leave the Union
Form a coalition government and remain in the Union
Expand the Union by admitting more states
Call for immediate new national elections
The Union Dissolves — Bellringer — Quick Write (at least 3 sentences): Choose ONE of the following and explain how and why it was the primary cause of the American Civil War. Select all that were listed as possible primary causes in the prompt.
Growing antislavery sentiment (Uncle Tom’s Cabin, John Brown’s Raid)
Lincoln’s Election
Sectionalism
State’s Rights
What is the Crittenden Compromise, and what was its fate?
A proposal in late 1860 to add constitutional amendments protecting slavery—including extending the Missouri Compromise line westward and permanently guaranteeing slavery in existing slave states—which Lincoln said he would veto and which never became law
A plan in 1850 to abolish slavery nationwide through a constitutional amendment that passed Congress but was struck down by the Supreme Court
A military pact among southern states to defend slavery that was ratified by all slave states and signed by Lincoln
An executive proclamation by Lincoln to extend the Missouri Compromise line and protect slavery that Congress approved
What was Lincoln’s position on secession?
He opposed secession as unconstitutional, arguing that the Constitution does not allow states to withdraw from the Union
He supported secession as a state right recognized under the Tenth Amendment
He accepted secession as temporary if approved by a state referendum
He believed secession was legal only for border states
Which statement best explains Fort Sumter at the outbreak of the Civil War?
A federal fort in South Carolina where U.S. Army troops were stationed as southern militias organized
A Confederate training camp in Virginia established after Lincoln’s election
The largest Union naval base on the Gulf Coast, built during Reconstruction
A northern fort in Massachusetts seized by Confederate militias
How did Lincoln use Fort Sumter to force states to choose sides?
He sent ships to resupply the fort while refusing to fire first, preserving the moral high ground and prompting Confederate forces to open fire
He ordered an immediate bombardment of Charleston to provoke Confederate surrender
He evacuated the fort to avoid conflict, which delayed any Confederate response
He negotiated a truce that recognized Confederate independence to keep the peace
What was the importance of the border states during the early Civil War?
They were slave states that remained in the Union, and their strategic location, population, and resources were critical to Union security—especially protecting Washington, D.C.
They were neutral territories with no military or political significance to either side
They were the first states to abolish slavery, leading the Confederacy to collapse
They formed a buffer that prevented any fighting east of the Mississippi River
Identify the three Union advantages described: choose the option that lists all three together.
Supplies, army population, railroads
Foreign recognition, cotton exports, coastal forts
Skilled outdoorsmen, nationalism, cavalry tactics
Elite generals, mountainous terrain, naval weakness
Identify the three Confederate advantages described: choose the option that lists all three together.
Military commander experience, nationalism, skilled outdoorsmen
Larger industrial base, more railroads, greater population
Control of the Mississippi River, strong navy, urban factories
Early access to foreign aid, widespread abolition, superior firearms
What is noted as the significance of Robert E. Lee?
He achieved several victories for the Confederacy, often beating Union forces, and gained a strong reputation as a leader
He led the Union navy blockade and negotiated peace with Britain
He organized the Underground Railroad and abolished slavery in Virginia
He commanded Western Union forces and captured New Orleans
What was the Confederacy’s main strategy in the war?
Fight a defensive war to protect their homeland and seek recognition and support from foreign nations
Launch immediate offensives to capture Washington, D.C.
Focus on naval dominance along the Atlantic coast
Avoid battle entirely and rely on guerrilla tactics
What was the Union’s primary strategy?
The Anaconda Plan: blockade Southern ports to cut off supplies and control the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy
Total retreat to Northern cities while burning rail lines
Recruit foreign mercenaries to overwhelm Southern defenses
Capture only coastal forts and ignore inland campaigns
How is Northern leadership initially characterized?
Initially inexperienced
Dominant and veteran from the start
Focused solely on cavalry tactics
Led primarily by frontier militias
How is Southern leadership characterized?
Leaders had much military experience and skills in the outdoors
Leaders were mostly civilians with little training
Leaders avoided battlefield command entirely
Leaders relied on naval officers for land battles
What general trend is described for early battles?
Confederate victories due to advantages, Union setbacks, local knowledge, and highly skilled Confederate generals
Union victories everywhere because of superior railroads
Stalemates caused by winter weather across all fronts
Rapid Union conquest of the Deep South within weeks
Which statement best describes how both sides filled their ranks?
The Confederacy relied on volunteers and drafted soldiers amid shortages; the Union used drafts and expanded volunteer armies with enlistments from its larger population
Both sides relied only on foreign volunteers with no drafts
The Union depended entirely on professional mercenaries; the Confederacy banned conscription
Only the Confederacy used drafts while the Union refused to enlist volunteers
In the North, who is exempted from service according to the worksheet’s notes on politics of the war?
Factory owners producing or working wargoods
Any college student regardless of occupation
Railroad passengers during wartime
Newspaper editors in major cities
In the South, who is exempted from service according to the worksheet’s notes on politics of the war?
Slave owners (depending on the number of slaves owned)
All plantation field hands without exception
Merchants in coastal towns
Any person living in a city over 50,000 population
How is Confederate conscription perceived in the worksheet’s notes?
A rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight, protecting rich men’s possessions while people who don’t own slaves are drafted
An equal burden shared by all classes through random selection
A volunteer-only movement led by wealthy planters
A policy that exempted poor farmers and drafted only slave owners
Why do women start to resist according to the worksheet’s notes?
There is no food in the South due to the Anaconda blockade
They oppose factory work in Northern cities
Union armies closed all schools
New voting laws restricted political participation
What change occurs in southern major cities by 1863–64 according to the worksheet’s notes?
Southern major cities start to join the Union because of a true lack of food
Cities expand Confederate food aid and remain loyal
Urban centers become neutral and stop participating in the war
Major cities relocate populations to rural areas to avoid joining the Union
Based on the Bellringer prompt to identify advantages for the Union and Confederacy, select three advantages of the Union during the Civil War from the table of notes.
More industries and supplies
Established military
Transportation (railroads) had been built and encouraged for about ten years prior
Home field advantage in the South
Based on the Bellringer prompt to identify advantages for the Union and Confederacy, select three advantages of the Confederacy during the Civil War from the table of notes.
Cotton diplomacy leveraging Britain and France’s dependence on Southern cotton
Home field advantage in the South
Have the best generals
More population because there were more states
What factors made Britain less reliant on Southern cotton, and thus less likely to support the Southern war effort?
Dependence on Northern wheat and strong anti-slavery sentiment in Britain reduced support for the Confederacy.
Discovery of new Southern cotton strains made Britain more reliant on Confederate exports.
A formal British alliance with France guaranteed ample Confederate cotton supplies.
Declining British industry meant textiles were no longer produced, removing any need for policy choices.
How did the Trent Affair begin, and how was it resolved?
A Union warship stopped the British mail ship and seized Confederate diplomats; the United States later released them to ease tensions.
Confederate privateers sank a British merchant fleet; Britain declared war on the Union.
A British frigate blockaded New York Harbor; the Union responded with a counter-blockade until Britain backed down.
Union agents captured the British ambassador in Washington; he was exchanged for Union prisoners.
What was Abraham Lincoln’s view of slavery during the Civil War?
He considered slavery morally wrong and moved toward abolishing it.
He supported expanding slavery into new territories for economic growth.
He remained neutral, arguing the federal government should not address slavery.
He believed slavery was essential to preserve national unity.
How did Abraham Lincoln’s actions during the war violate citizens’ civil rights?
He suspended the writ of habeas corpus, permitting detention without immediate trial.
He abolished voting in Northern states for the duration of the war.
He required loyalty oaths to attend religious services.
He shut down all newspapers nationwide permanently.
What role did sea technology play in the Civil War?
It marked a transition from wooden ships to ironclads, introducing armored, iron-covered warships.
It relied entirely on submarines to decide battles.
It kept navies dependent on sail-powered wooden fleets without change.
It eliminated blockades by making ships invisible to coastal defenses.
In the wake of institution of the draft, why did some call the conflict a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”?
Wealthy southerners with many slaves could claim exemptions from service, leaving poorer men to do most of the fighting.
The war was funded only by poor farmers’ taxes, so they were forced to fight to recover their money.
Most military officers were from poor backgrounds, so the poor controlled the war’s strategy.
Only the North enforced the draft, so southern elites had to pay northern soldiers to fight for them.
PRIMARY SOURCE The Emancipation Proclamation. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. According to the source, on what date was the Emancipation Proclamation issued?
December 7, 1861
September 22, 1862
January 1, 1863
July 4, 1863
Section 2 of the proclamation states: “That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Based on this excerpt, who was declared free by the proclamation?
All enslaved people in every U.S. state and territory
Enslaved people in states or parts of states in rebellion against the United States
Only enslaved people who joined the Union army
Only enslaved people in border states loyal to the Union
The excerpt states the executive government of the United States “will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons… in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.” According to the source, what obligation did the executive government undertake?
To compensate former slaveholders for lost property
To recognize and uphold the freedom of emancipated people and not restrain their efforts for freedom
To return emancipated people to their former owners if requested
To limit emancipation to territories under direct Union military control
Section 2 begins: “Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States…” According to the source, what significant event occurred on September 22, 1862?
Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment
The President issued a proclamation preceding the January 1, 1863 order
Union forces captured Richmond
The Supreme Court ruled slavery unconstitutional
The excerpt states: “That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof… shall then be in rebellion against the [United States].” According to the source, what action was the executive to take on January 1, 1863?
Declare all slavery ended throughout the United States
Designate by proclamation the states and parts of states then in rebellion
Order immediate compensation to all slaveholders
Suspend habeas corpus in all rebel territories
According to the excerpt from Abraham Lincoln’s proclamation issued on January 1, 1863, who declares the measure and in what official capacity is the authority claimed?
Abraham Lincoln, acting as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy
Ulysses S. Grant, acting as General of the Union Armies
Jefferson Davis, acting as President of the Confederacy
Andrew Johnson, acting as Vice President of the United States
In the passage, what date is identified as the day on which the measure is proclaimed and designated?
January 1, 1863
July 4, 1861
April 9, 1865
December 7, 1862
The proclamation lists States and parts of States "this day in rebellion against the United States." Which of the following is named as in rebellion in the excerpt?
Arkansas
Kentucky
Delaware
Maryland
Which description best matches the exception noted for Louisiana in the passage?
Certain parishes in Louisiana, including the city of New Orleans, are excepted
The entire state of Louisiana is excepted without qualification
Only the city of Baton Rouge is excepted
No exceptions are listed for Louisiana
What does the proclamation order and declare regarding persons held as slaves within the designated States and parts of States?
They are, and henceforward shall be, free, with the Executive Government recognizing and maintaining their freedom
They shall remain enslaved until Congress passes a separate statute
They will be freed only if they leave the rebel States voluntarily
They will be freed after a five-year transition period
Which exception for Virginia appears in the excerpt as not being in rebellion on the specified date?
The forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia
The city of Richmond
The Shenandoah Valley
The city of Roanoke
Answer the following reading questions: How does Lincoln exclude border states in the Emancipation Proclamation?
By limiting emancipation to areas "in a state of rebellion"
By declaring all enslaved people free throughout the entire United States
By suspending habeas corpus specifically in border states
By granting immediate citizenship to all freed people in border states
Answer the following reading questions: How does Lincoln strengthen GAR? Highlight it in the text.
By allowing persons of suitable condition to enter the armed service to garrison forts, positions, stations, and vessels
By ordering a nationwide draft of all men ages 18–45
By dissolving state militias and replacing them with federal troops
By prohibiting immigrants from serving in the Union army
Answer the following reading questions: How does Lincoln describe seceded states? Highlight it in the text.
As "in a state of rebellion"
As lawfully within the Union
As neutral territories
As protectorates of foreign powers
Answer the following reading questions: Why is West Virginia excluded?
Because it was not in rebellion
Because it had already abolished slavery statewide
Because it had joined the Confederacy
Because it lacked a recognized state government
Answer the following reading questions: Does the Emancipation Proclamation end slavery in the US?
Yes, it immediately abolishes slavery everywhere in the United States
No, because border states are excluded and the measure can be overturned
Yes, but only in Washington, D.C.
No, because it applies only to Union states and not Confederate territory
Answer the following reading questions: What is its significance in foreign diplomacy?
Within the British working class there was a strong anti‑slavery movement
Confederate states were seeking help from Great Britain and France
The proclamation made the war not only about saving the Union but also about anti‑slavery, discouraging Britain from signing a treaty with the Confederacy
It uses the Emancipation Proclamation to neutralize Confederate diplomatic efforts
Answer the following reading questions: What is its significance within the context of the war?
It reframed the war around ending slavery and enabled the enlistment of freed people into the Union army, weakening the Confederacy
It ended all combat operations and immediately restored the Union
It transferred control of the military to Congress
It guaranteed foreign intervention on behalf of the Union
White women in the North and in the South: According to the notes, which statement best describes women’s roles in the North during the Civil War?
Women primarily managed plantations and the home front
Women worked in factories, served as nurses, and supported war efforts
Women were barred from industrial labor and medical service
Women mainly organized anti-war protests
White women in the North and in the South: According to the notes, which statement best describes women’s roles in the South during the Civil War?
Women worked in urban factories and shipyards
Women managed farms, plantations, and households while maintaining the home front
Women primarily served in formal combat units
Women relocated to Northern cities to find factory work
White women in the North and in the South: Who is identified as the founder of the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
Elizabeth Blackwell
Dorothea Dix
Harriet Tubman
White women in the North and in the South: Who is noted as the first female physician?
Clara Barton
Elizabeth Blackwell
Mary Edwards Walker
Louisa May Alcott
White women in the North and in the South: The notes state that some women disguised themselves as men for what purpose?
To avoid medical service
To enlist in the war
To escape taxation
To work in Northern factories
Taxation in the North: How did the Union finance the war according to the notes?
By selling southern cotton to Europe
By establishing new taxes, including income taxes and tariffs, and by issuing bonds and other financial instruments
By imposing conscription fees on Confederate states
By relying solely on donations from civilians
Health care: What problems did many soldiers suffer from during the Civil War according to the notes?
Primarily minor colds with few injuries
Infections, amputations, and diseases such as dysentery and typhoid
Radiation sickness from new weaponry
Food allergies due to army rations
Define Each — Fort Pillow: What event is described at Fort Pillow in 1864 according to the definition provided?
A decisive Union naval victory on the Mississippi River
A brutal battle where Confederate forces massacred African American Union soldiers after they surrendered
The first successful use of trench warfare by Union forces
A medical breakthrough that reduced battlefield infections
Define Each — Andersonville: What is Andersonville identified as in the notes?
A Union fort that repelled repeated Confederate attacks
A Confederate prison camp in Georgia where thousands of Union prisoners suffered from terrible conditions, disease, and starvation
A Northern hospital famed for advanced surgical techniques
A battlefield where the war officially ended
Define Each — Clara Barton: Which description best matches Clara Barton according to the notes?
A Civil War general known for cavalry tactics
A pioneering nurse and founder of the American Red Cross, called the "Angel of the Battlefield" for aiding wounded soldiers on the front lines
A physician who opened the first women’s medical college
A journalist who documented prison conditions at Andersonville
According to the worksheet, what event motivated the writing of "O Captain! My Captain!" and frames its theme of victory alongside loss?
Abraham Lincoln’s assassination
Lincoln’s inauguration
The Confederate surrender at Appomattox
The Emancipation Proclamation
In the notes on William Sherman’s strategy, what did Sherman target to wage "total war" through the South?
Civilian infrastructure such as homes, businesses, railroads, and farmland
Only fortified military bases
Foreign supply lines outside the Confederacy
Union naval blockades
During Sherman’s march, how are civilian casualties characterized in the worksheet?
Heavy civilian casualties across the South
Few civilian casualties, with focus on infrastructure
Widespread civilian massacres
No casualties were recorded
From which city does the worksheet say Sherman’s actions such as tearing up train tracks and burning farmland begin?
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Atlanta, Georgia
Savannah, Georgia
Charleston, South Carolina
What do the notes say civilians did to Atlanta so the Union could not use it?
Surrendered the city peacefully
Fortified the city for defense
Burned the city down
Evacuated to Savannah
Which city is noted as being taken in September 1864?
Atlanta, Georgia
Savannah, Georgia
Charleston, South Carolina
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Which major city is noted as falling in December 1864?
Atlanta, Georgia
Savannah, Georgia
Charleston, South Carolina
Richmond, Virginia
What approach to supplies do the notes attribute to Sherman’s troops that increased Confederate hostility?
Relying on Northern supply depots
Purchasing goods from local markets
Taking resources from the land
Using naval resupply lines
According to the worksheet, who were promised "40 acres and a mule" when accompanying Sherman, though very few ultimately received it?
Confederate deserters
Black men who went with Sherman
Union officers
Foreign volunteers
In what year do the notes state the Civil War ends?
1863
1864
1865
1866
Who is identified in the notes as the actor who shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre?
Robert E. Lee
Jefferson Davis
John Wilkes Booth
William Seward
On which date do the notes place Lincoln’s assassination?
April 9, 1865
April 14, 1865
July 4, 1864
March 4, 1865
The plan described in the notes intended to assassinate multiple leaders. Which individuals are listed as targets? Select all that apply.
Abraham Lincoln
Ulysses S. Grant
William Seward
Robert E. Lee
What happened to the conspirators after Lincoln’s assassination, according to the worksheet?
They were pardoned and released
They escaped to Canada
They were tried and hanged quickly
They were imprisoned for decades
How does the poem excerpt presented in the worksheet characterize the speaker’s feeling compared to the public celebration after a "fearful trip" and "object won"?
Joyful triumph matching the celebration
Indifference to the outcome
Mourning despite victory
Anger at defeat
