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2025 ES Fall Final

Total questions: 124

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who are Latinos?

a)

People living in Spanish provinces across Europe

b)

People with roots in Latin America

c)

Individuals raised in multilingual island nations

d)

Citizens of any modern Catholic-majority country

2.

What regions form Latin America?

a)

Iberian Europe, northern South America, and Mexico

b)

Mexico, southern Europe, and Caribbean colonies

c)

Central America, South America, Caribbean islands

d)

South America, Spain, and Atlantic islands

3.

Who are Hispanics?

a)

Families descended from Roman settlers

b)

Caribbean trade communities

c)

People from Spanish-speaking countries

d)

Catholic missionary groups

4.

Why aren’t Brazilians considered Hispanic?

a)

Migration differences

b)

Indigenous kingdoms

c)

They speak Portuguese, not Spanish

d)

African cultural systems

5.

What language is spoken in Brazil?

a)

French

b)

Italian

c)

Portuguese

d)

Basque

6.

True or false: People from Spain are Latino.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

What does “linguistic” mean?

a)

Cultural celebrations

b)

National borders

c)

Language or speech

d)

Family ancestry

8.

Why is Spanish widely spoken in Latin America?

a)

Trade promotion

b)

Indigenous requests

c)

Spanish colonial rule

d)

Missionary replacement

9.

The term “Latina/Latino” traces back to what country?

a)

Portugal

b)

Italy

c)

France

d)

Spain

10.

What language shaped the root term “Latino”?

a)

Greek

b)

Old Italian

c)

Latin

d)

Catalan

11.

Languages based on Latin are called what?

a)

Germanic

b)

Indigenous

c)

Romance

d)

Classical

12.

Who are Chicanos?

a)

Migrants in border towns

b)

Mexican Americans living in the U.S.

c)

Caribbean–Central American families

d)

Spaniards in western states

13.

What is a mestizo?

a)

Multilingual speaker

b)

European mountain resident

c)

Indigenous and European ancestry

d)

Dual-nation family

14.

When was the Mexican-American War?

a)

Early 1820s

b)

1846–1848

c)

Mid-1860s

d)

Early 1900s

15.

What areas were part of northern Mexico before the war?

a)

New England

b)

Upper Midwest

c)

California, Texas, and the Southwest

d)

Gulf Coast

16.

What U.S. idea encouraged expansion into Mexican territory?

a)

Industrial growth

b)

Manifest Destiny

c)

Federalism

d)

Market Revolution

17.

What event ended Mexico’s ability to keep fighting?

a)

Shipping loss

b)

Border fort destruction

c)

Capture of Mexico City

d)

European withdrawal

18.

What treaty officially ended the war?

a)

Treaty of Versailles

b)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

c)

Treaty of Tordesillas

d)

Treaty of Paris

19.

What states came from land Mexico lost?

a)

Florida and Georgia

b)

Illinois and Indiana

c)

CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM

d)

Oregon and Washington

20.

What are Spanish-speaking neighborhoods called?

a)

Communal districts

b)

Barrios

c)

Civic regions

d)

Heritage zones

21.

What type of art is Mexico famous for?

a)

Classical sculpture

b)

Digital installations

c)

Murals

d)

Watercolors

22.

What cars are iconic in Chicano culture?

a)

Racing cars

b)

Antiques

c)

Lowriders

d)

Off-road vehicles

23.

What does Día de los Muertos honor?

a)

Harvest traditions

b)

Loved ones who passed away

c)

Independence leaders

d)

Spring festivals

24.

What music is central to Mexican celebrations?

a)

Reggae

b)

Mariachi

c)

Tango

d)

Electronic

25.

Lowrider culture has spread to many…

a)

Academic programs

b)

Business groups

c)

Ethnic communities

d)

Government offices

26.

What is gentrification?

a)

Wealth leaving cities

b)

Wealthier residents reshaping neighborhoods

c)

Public housing expansion

d)

Factory relocation

27.

What stands out at lowrider gatherings?

a)

Competitive racing

b)

Strict rules

c)

Family-oriented celebrations

d)

Political rallies

28.

Why did the U.S. bring in Mexican laborers during WWII?

a)

Tourism growth

b)

Office expansion

c)

Wartime labor shortages

d)

Trade routes

29.

What did the Bracero Program promise workers?

a)

Land ownership

b)

Free college

c)

Fair wages and protections

d)

Citizenship

30.

What problem did Braceros face in reality?

a)

Excess pay

b)

Strong oversight

c)

Broken promises

d)

No job access

31.

What early activism did Braceros use?

a)

Political campaigns

b)

Boycotts

c)

Walkouts and complaints

d)

Tariff protests

32.

What lesson did the Bracero era teach?

a)

Patience

b)

Individual effort

c)

Contracts always protect

d)

Unity matters

33.

What issues did Latino students face in the 1960s?

a)

Too many programs

b)

Math pressure

c)

Overcrowding and low expectations

d)

Frequent updates

34.

What event drew national attention to Chicano activism?

a)

Teacher cancellations

b)

Testing reforms

c)

East LA walkouts

d)

Televised debates

35.

What expression was part of the Chicano Movement?

a)

Mining festivals

b)

Asian performance groups

c)

Brown Berets and Yo Soy Joaquin

d)

Country concerts

36.

What political goal did La Raza Unida pursue?

a)

Closing schools

b)

Ending elections

c)

Increasing Latino representation

d)

Removing bilingual programs

37.

What injustice led to Lau v. Nichols?

a)

Homework increases

b)

Activity restrictions

c)

English-only instruction

d)

Bilingual bans

38.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Lau v. Nichols?

a)

End bilingual programs

b)

Schools must act when students can’t understand

c)

Place students by fluency only

d)

No support required

39.

What changes followed the Lau ruling?

a)

More holidays

b)

Longer recess

c)

ESL programs and bilingual teachers

d)

Dress codes

40.

What theme connects the movements studied?

a)

Federal control

b)

Limited impact

c)

Activism expanded rights

d)

Community powerlessness

41.

Why were undocumented workers vulnerable?

a)

Equipment limits

b)

Pay delays

c)

Risk of firing or deportation

d)

Market denial

42.

What was the goal of the Day Without Immigrants?

a)

Scholarships

b)

Multilingual ballots

c)

Show economic dependence

d)

Travel reform

43.

What happened on the Day Without Immigrants?

a)

Town halls

b)

Continued work

c)

Labor and spending withheld

d)

School rallies

44.

Who are DREAMers?

a)

College graduates

b)

Study-abroad youth

c)

Young people brought without legal status

d)

Temporary visa workers

45.

What discovery do many DREAMers face as teens?

a)

Visa renewal

b)

Club limits

c)

No legal work or driving

d)

Relocation

46.

What did DACA provide?

a)

Citizenship

b)

Free college

c)

Deportation protection and work permits

d)

Travel rights

47.

Why was DACA only a partial victory?

a)

Volunteer hours

b)

Border limits

c)

It could be ended by any president

d)

Urban-only

48.

What long-term goal grew from DREAMer activism?

a)

Student councils

b)

Youth sports

c)

Political power for protections

d)

Voter limits

49.

What has resulted from Latino voting activism?

a)

Fewer polling places

b)

Federal limits

c)

Increased voter turnout

d)

Mandatory ballots

50.

Which crops formed the “Three Sisters” that sustained many Native American communities?

a)

Potatoes, beans, and rice

b)

Corn, beans, and squash

c)

Peas, barley, and turnips

d)

Wheat, oats, and rye

51.

What law forced Native nations east of the Mississippi to move to new lands in the 1830s?

a)

The Dawes Act of 1887

b)

The Treaty of Paris of 1763

c)

The Indian Removal Act of 1830

d)

The Homestead Act of 1862

52.

Which statement best describes the goal of U.S. boarding schools for Native children?

a)

Preserve tribal language and ceremony

b)

Train Native youth as tribal leaders

c)

Encourage exchange between tribes

d)

Erase Native culture and teach European customs

53.

What was the main reason Plains tribes built portable tipis?

a)

To resist attacks from enemies

b)

To store extra food and goods

c)

To follow herds of migrating buffalo

d)

To shelter during seasonal storms

54.

What phrase reflected the goal of assimilation during the U.S. boarding-school era?

a)

“Kill the Indian, save the man.”

b)

“Honor the child, honor the tribe.”

c)

“Preserve Native tradition forever.”

d)

“Revive culture through unity.”

55.

What concept describes needs shared by all human societies?

a)

Tribal values

b)

Cultural universals

c)

Social mobility

d)

Group identity

56.

What was the main issue protested by the Standing Rock movement in 2016?

a)

Federal education reform

b)

Border limits between tribes

c)

Oil pipeline threatening water and sacred land

d)

Hunting and fishing restrictions

57.

What term describes areas where people share traditions, foods, and lifestyles?

a)

Migration paths

b)

Cultural regions

c)

Trade routes

d)

Tribal territories

58.

What was the main factor shaping different Native cultures across North America?

a)

Population size and growth

b)

Geography and environment

c)

Trade with foreign powers

d)

Shared belief systems

59.

Which region’s tribes used salmon-rich rivers and cedar forests for stable villages?

a)

Great Plains

b)

Pacific Northwest

c)

Eastern Woodlands

d)

Desert Southwest

60.

Why were horses transformative for Plains tribes?

a)

They replaced farm labor completely

b)

They reduced buffalo numbers

c)

They increased travel speed and hunting range

d)

They disrupted trade routes

61.

Which law in 1934 aimed to restore Native self-government and cultural renewal?

a)

The Indian Reorganization Act

b)

The Homestead Act

c)

The Dawes Act

d)

The Removal Act

62.

Which Native group lived in the Arctic and hunted seals and whales?

a)

The Crow Nation

b)

The Hopi People

c)

The Apache Tribe

d)

The Inuit Hunters

63.

What was the main result of the Trail of Tears?

a)

Expansion of western trade routes

b)

Death and displacement of Cherokee families

c)

Creation of unified tribal councils

d)

New treaties with settlers

64.

Which confederacy united tribes in the Northeast for peace and law?

a)

The Iroquois Confederacy

b)

The Algonquin Alliance

c)

The Woodland League

d)

The Great Plains Council

65.

What system granted Spanish colonists control of Native labor in exchange for “protection”?

a)

Encomienda system

b)

Mercantile charter

c)

Mission contract

d)

Feudal grant

66.

What phrase best summarizes the long-term Native experience since contact?

a)

Isolation and surrender

b)

Dependence and relocation

c)

Resistance and adaptation

d)

War and extinction

67.

What development allowed ancient peoples to settle permanently rather than migrate?

a)

Trade routes

b)

Herding animals

c)

Agriculture

d)

Metal tools

68.

Which phrase captured the message of modern Native activists for land protection?

a)

Power to the Land

b)

“Water is Life”

c)

One Nation, One River

d)

Honor Our Ancestors

69.

Which law divided reservations and sold “surplus” land to settlers?

a)

The Homestead Act

b)

The Dawes Act

c)

The Removal Act

d)

The Citizenship Act

70.

What was the main goal of Spanish missions in the Southwest?

a)

Protect Native territory

b)

Train military leaders

c)

Convert Native peoples to Christianity

d)

Encourage migration to Europe

71.

Which agricultural innovation helped the Pueblo thrive in dry deserts?

a)

Clay homes and irrigation canals

b)

Stone terraces and rock walls

c)

Wooden lodges and deep wells

d)

Nomadic herding routes

72.

What phrase describes the lowest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

a)

Safety and shelter

b)

Esteem and respect

c)

Physiological needs

d)

Belonging and love

73.

Which movement of the 1960s–70s used protests to demand Native rights?

a)

The American Indian Movement (AIM)

b)

The Rural Development Council

c)

The Tribal Unification Front

d)

The Labor Reform League

74.

What was one lasting impact of the boarding-school era?

a)

Loss of Native languages and traditions

b)

Population growth

c)

Expansion of farming

d)

Increased funding

75.

Which modern debate reflects respect vs. tradition conflict in schools?

a)

Dress codes

b)

Technology access

c)

Native mascots

d)

Athletic funding

76.

What emotion best describes boarding-school experiences for many Native children?

a)

Fear and homesickness

b)

Joy and excitement

c)

Calm and security

d)

Pride and hope

77.

What phrase defines “resistance” in Native history?

a)

Isolating from society

b)

Migration for peace

c)

Standing against oppression and injustice

d)

Accepting government policy

78.

What does the name “Apsáalooke” mean for the Crow Nation?

a)

Warriors of the Wind

b)

Peaceful People

c)

Children of the Large-Beaked Bird

d)

Keepers of the Plains

79.

Which 1830s president led Indian-removal efforts in the Southeast?

a)

John Quincy Adams

b)

Andrew Jackson

c)

James Madison

d)

Thomas Jefferson

80.

Which term refers to the Ice Age land bridge between Asia and North America?

a)

Beringia

b)

The Frozen Route

c)

The Northern Passage

d)

The Ice Crossing

81.

Which explorer enslaved the Taíno people in the Caribbean?

a)

Balboa

b)

Columbus

82.

What best defines “adaptation” in Native history?

a)

Isolating from others

b)

Adjusting to survive while preserving identity

c)

Abandoning traditions

d)

Total conversion

83.

Why did some tribes ally with European powers?

a)

Travel to Europe

b)

Protection from rivals

c)

Spread Christianity

d)

Acquire farming tools

84.

What year did the Trail of Tears begin?

a)

1838

b)

1890

c)

1812

d)

1861

85.

What does “Kill the Indian, save the man” mean historically?

a)

Promote equal education

b)

Encourage diversity

c)

Erase Native identity through forced assimilation

d)

Protect Native traditions

86.

Which organization formed in 1968 to demand Native rights and sovereignty?

a)

The Civil Rights League

b)

The Urban Council

c)

The Cultural Association

d)

The American Indian Movement (AIM)

87.

What phrase captured AIM’s message during the Alcatraz occupation?

a)

“Join or Die.”

b)

“Peace through Conversion.”

c)

“End Tribal Law.”

d)

“We are still here — and we will be heard.”

88.

Why is studying multiple perspectives important in history?

a)

Divide students

b)

Repeat viewpoints

c)

Avoid the danger of a single story

d)

Weaken understanding

89.

What term describes history passed down through spoken word?

a)

Written record

b)

Symbolic artwork

c)

Artistic inscription

d)

Oral tradition

90.

What does tribal sovereignty mean for Native communities today?

a)

Right to self-govern independent of states

b)

Federal ownership of land

c)

Equal taxation

d)

Shared county rule

91.

What phrase defines the goal of Truth and Reconciliation programs?

a)

Expand settler documentation

b)

Create new holidays

c)

Confront and heal boarding-school abuses

d)

Collect tax records

92.

Which farming practice helped Pueblo peoples store water in dry areas?

a)

Clay canals and irrigation ditches

b)

Sand filters and wells

c)

Wooden reservoirs

d)

Stone levees

93.

Why was regaining control of tribal education important?

a)

Teach Native language and culture

b)

End public schooling

c)

Limit non-Native access

d)

Reduce higher education

94.

What is the purpose of tribal colleges today?

a)

Isolate Native students

b)

Educate leaders rooted in Native identity

c)

Replace state universities

d)

Focus on sports

95.

How does social media support modern Native activism?

a)

Amplifies Native voices

b)

Spreads stereotypes

c)

Reduces communication

d)

Blocks information

96.

What phrase summarizes Native relationships to nature?

a)

Respect and balance with the environment

b)

Profit and growth

c)

Individual ownership

d)

Human dominance

97.

What is culture?

a)

Shared beliefs, values, customs, language, and arts of a group

b)

A scientific discovery

c)

Only food and music

d)

Clothing styles in one society

98.

What is diversity?

a)

A law about equal pay

b)

The variety of different people, cultures, and ideas in one place

c)

A single culture practiced everywhere

d)

One way of thinking

99.

What is a tradition?

a)

A custom, belief, or activity handed down through time

b)

A type of sport

c)

A new modern habit

d)

A law passed by government

100.

What is heritage?

a)

A personal opinion

b)

A type of school

c)

Traditions and culture passed down from past generations

d)

A person’s job

101.

What is perspective?

a)

A point of view or way of understanding the world

b)

A type of clothing

c)

A traditional story

d)

A holiday or festival

102.

What is identity?

a)

A type of law

b)

The way you see yourself, including your culture, values, and experiences

c)

A person’s country of birth only

d)

Your favorite sports team

103.

What is race?

a)

A cultural celebration

b)

The shared beliefs of a community

c)

Traditions passed down from family

d)

Grouping people based on physical features like skin color

104.

What is ethnicity?

a)

Group of people who share a common culture, language, history, or homeland

b)

The way someone dresses

c)

A form of government

d)

A person’s career choice

105.

What is one goal of Ethnic Studies?

a)

To remove cultural traditions from history

b)

To prove one culture is better than another

c)

To limit discussion to one group’s perspective

d)

To build empathy, respect, and appreciation for human connections

106.

Why does the course highlight Native American, African American, Latino, and Asian American voices?

a)

Because they are often left out of US History

b)

Because they all share the same traditions

c)

Because they are newer groups in history

d)

Because they are the only cultures that exist

107.

Which message best fits the theme of 'I Am Not Black, You Are Not White'?

a)

Culture prevents people from connecting

b)

Every group must stay separate to preserve identity

c)

Labels make us stronger than unity

d)

Humans share more in common than what divides us

108.

Which of the following best explains the importance of cultural universals?

a)

They only apply to ancient societies

b)

They help humans meet shared needs and connect across cultures

c)

They replace all cultural differences

d)

They are laws that never change

109.

Which of the following is NOT a cultural universal?

a)

Birth and death rituals

b)

Cell phone brands

c)

Celebrations and festivals

d)

Rules and laws

110.

Which of the following are cultural universals? (Select all that apply)

a)

Language and communication

b)

Learning and education

c)

Sports and games

111.

Which of the following are cultural universals? (Select all that apply)

a)

Food and eating practices

b)

Family structures

c)

Funerals

112.

Why do cultural universals exist in all societies?

a)

Because governments enforce them

b)

Because humans everywhere share basic needs

c)

Because only wealthy societies create them

d)

Because religion requires them

113.

What is chain migration?

a)

When individuals follow family or friends who have moved

b)

A type of forced migration

c)

Gradually moving in steps

d)

Moving due to political chains

114.

What is step migration?

a)

Gradually moving in stages, like rural → town → city

b)

Moving multiple steps down a career ladder

c)

Forced deportation in steps

d)

When individuals follow friends or family who moved

115.

What is forced migration?

a)

When individuals follow family or friends who moved

b)

Choosing to move for better opportunities

c)

Gradually moving from rural to urban areas

d)

Being made to leave due to danger or threats

116.

What is a pull factor in migration?

a)

An opportunity that attracts people to a new place

b)

A condition that forces people to leave

c)

A law that prevents migration

d)

A natural disaster

117.

What is a push factor in migration?

a)

A government program helping people move

b)

An attractive feature of a new location

c)

A condition that drives people to leave their home

d)

A family tradition of traveling

118.

Together, push and pull factors help explain...

a)

The main reasons people migrate

b)

How natural disasters happen

c)

Why people stay in their home country

d)

Why governments restrict migration

119.

Which of the following are examples of pull factors? (Select all that apply)

a)

Crop failure

b)

Better schools

c)

Religious freedom

d)

Job opportunities

120.

Which of the following are examples of push factors? (Select all that apply)

a)

Safer neighborhoods

b)

War

c)

Famine

d)

Lack of jobs

121.

Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (from most basic to highest)?

a)

Self-Actualization → Esteem → Belonging & Love → Safety → Basic Needs

b)

Safety → Belonging & Love → Basic Needs → Self-Actualization → Esteem

c)

Basic Needs → Safety → Belonging & Love → Esteem → Self-Actualization

d)

Belonging & Love → Esteem → Basic Needs → Self-Actualization → Safety

122.

Which does Esteem Needs include?

a)

Food and sleep

b)

Respect and achievement

c)

Belonging to a family

d)

Physical safety

123.

Which of the following is the highest level in Maslow’s Hierarchy?

a)

Belonging & Love

b)

Safety Needs

c)

Self-Actualization

d)

Esteem Needs

124.

Which is an example of a basic physiological need?

a)

Food and water

b)

Creativity

c)

Feeling valued

d)

Respect